動(dòng)名詞,不定式,分詞用法與習(xí)題精練

1、動(dòng)名詞，不定式，分詞用法與習(xí)題精練動(dòng)名詞做主語、賓語和表語 1）做主語。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方與北方開戰(zhàn)了。2）作賓語 a. 有些動(dòng)詞可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。例如：admit 承認(rèn)appreciate 感激avoid 避免complete完成consider認(rèn)為delay 耽誤deny 否認(rèn)detest 討厭endure 忍受enjoy 喜歡escape 逃脫fancy 想象finish 完成imagine 想象mind 介意miss 想念postpone推遲practice 訓(xùn)練recall 回憶res

2、ent 討厭resume 繼續(xù)resist 抵抗risk 冒險(xiǎn)suggest 建議face 面對(duì)include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解forgive 寬恕keep 繼續(xù)例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)小一點(diǎn)，好嗎 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 這松鼠幸運(yùn)得很，剛逃避了被逮住的厄運(yùn)。 b. 有些結(jié)構(gòu)后面可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語或其他成分。例如：admit toprefertobe used t

3、olead todevote oneself toobject tostick tono goodno usebe fond oflook forward tobe proud ofbe busycan't helpbe tired ofbe capable ofbe afraid ofthink of burst outkeep oninsist oncount onset about put offbe good attake upgive upbe successful in 3）作表語，對(duì)主語說明、解釋。例如：Her job is washing, clea

4、ning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清掃和照顧孩子。比較：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4）作定語，一般表示所修飾名詞事物的用途。例如：a writing desk=a desk for writing 寫字臺(tái)a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池有些動(dòng)名詞作定語，與所修飾的名詞關(guān)系比較復(fù)雜。例如：boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to

5、boil 沸點(diǎn)a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉機(jī) 6.2 worth 的用法 worth, worthy, worthwhile都是形容詞，意為"值得"。1. worth： be worth + n. 當(dāng)名詞為金錢時(shí)，表示" 值得" 常見的有It s worth while to do./ It s worth（someones）while doing be worth doing st

6、h."某事值得被做"The question is not worth discussing again and again. 這問題不值得反復(fù)討論。2. worthy：be worthy of +n.當(dāng)名詞為抽象名詞時(shí)表示"值得" be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.3. worthwhile： be worthwhile to do sth "值得做某事"It is wor

7、thwhile to ask him to join the club.值得邀請(qǐng)他加入俱樂部。典型例題It is not _ to discuss the question again and again.A. worth B. worthyC. worthwhileD. worth while答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只適合詞組be worthwhile to do sth.。選C。 動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)詞不定式由to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。這里的to是不定式標(biāo)志，沒有詞義。不定式具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的某些語法功能，又有動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的特點(diǎn)及作用。常見的形式如表所示（以及物動(dòng)詞do為例），

8、不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing/ 1 有些動(dòng)詞可以用不定式作賓語，大致上有三種情況。1） 1）     有些及物動(dòng)詞用不定式作賓語，結(jié)構(gòu)為動(dòng)詞+不定式。例如：affordaimagreearrangeaskdecidebothercarechoosedemand desiredetermineelectendeavorhopefailhelplearnlong

9、渴望meanmanageofferplanpretendrefusetendundertakeexpecthateintend 例如： The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。 He offered to help me. 他表示愿意幫助我。2）有些動(dòng)詞除了可以用不定式作賓語，還用不定式作補(bǔ)語，即有動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： askchooseexpecthelpbegintendlike/loveneedpreferpreparewantwish 例如：I like to keep everything

10、tidy.我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜歡你使每件東西都保持整潔。I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。1） 3）     有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組可以用動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。例如：decideknowconsiderforgetlearnremembershow,wonderfind outtellinquireexplain 例如：Please show us how to

11、do that. 請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ?。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy. 有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。 2 不定式作補(bǔ)語 1） 1）     有些有動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：adviseallowcausechallengecommandcompeldrive 驅(qū)使enableencourageforbidforceimpelinduceinstructinvitel

12、ike/loveorderpermitmakelethavewantgetwarnpersuaderequestsendtelltrainurge 例如；Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠?。The officer ordered his men to fire. 長(zhǎng)官命令士兵開火。注意：有些動(dòng)詞如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做賓補(bǔ)，也可用分詞作賓補(bǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。1) 2)      有些有動(dòng)詞+賓語+

13、不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式的動(dòng)詞往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。例如：considerfindbelievethinkdeclare（聲稱）appointguessfancy（設(shè)想）guessjudgeimagineknow 例如：We believe him to be guilty. 我們相信他是有罪的。We know him to be a fool. 我們知道他是個(gè)笨蛋。（to be 不能省去）典型例題 Charles Babbage is generally considered_ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventing C. to have

14、 invented D. having invented 答案：C. 一般沒有consider+賓語+be以外不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)，也沒有consider+賓語+doing的結(jié)構(gòu)，排除A、B、D。consider用動(dòng)詞be以外的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故選C。2) 3)      有些動(dòng)詞可以跟there +to be的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：believeexpectintendlikelovemeanpreferwantwishunderstand   例如： We didn't expect there to b

15、e so many people there. 我們沒料到會(huì)有那么多人在那里。 You wouldnt want there to be another war. 你不至于想讓另外一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)發(fā)生吧。 3 不定式做主語 不定式做主語，往往用it作形式主語，真正的主語不定式放至句子的后面。 例如：It's so nice to hear your voice. 聽到你的聲音真高興。It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。 It's very kind

16、of you to help us.他幫助我們，他真好。 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。但是，用不定式做主語的句子中還有一個(gè)不定式作表語時(shí)，不能用It is to的句型。另外，這樣的句子，不能用動(dòng)名詞作表語。例如：（對(duì)）To teach is to learn. （錯(cuò)）It is to learn to teach.（錯(cuò)）To teach is learning.（錯(cuò)）Teaching is to learn.典型例題The chair looks rather hard, but in

17、 fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on答案：B. 如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。 4   It's for sb.和 It's of sb.這樣的句子中，由于表語形容詞性質(zhì)的不同，導(dǎo)致了不定式邏輯主語標(biāo)志用for或of的區(qū)別。 1）for sb. 句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficu

18、lt, interesting, impossible等：例如： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。 2）of sb句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如： It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。用for還是用of 的另一種辨別方法：用介詞for或of后面的邏輯主語作句子的主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子。

19、如果通順用of，不通則用for。例如： You are nice.（通順，所以應(yīng)用of）。 He is hard. （非所表達(dá)的意思，不通，因此用for。） 5 不定式作表語 不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語。例如： My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清掃房間。 His dream is to be a doctor. 他的夢(mèng)想是成為一名醫(yī)生。 6 不定式作定語 不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后，往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：I have a lot of work to do.我有許多事要做。There was

20、 nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家時(shí)）兩手空空。  7 不定式作狀語 1）目的狀語常用結(jié)構(gòu)為to do , only to do（僅僅為了）, in order to do,so as to do,so（such） as to（如此以便）。例如： He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。 I come here only to say good-bye to you.我來僅僅是向你告別。2）作結(jié)果狀語，可以表示沒有預(yù)料到的或事與愿違的結(jié)果，不定式要放在句子后面

21、。 I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子不見了。 He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房間，沒發(fā)現(xiàn)什么。3） 表原因I'm glad to see you. 見到你很高興。She wept to see the sight. 她一看到這情形就哭了。 4）表示理由和條件He must be a fool to say so.You will do well to speak more carefully.8 用作介詞的to to 可以用作介詞，也可用作不定式的標(biāo)示。下面的to 都用作介詞：a

22、dmit toobject tobe accustomed tobe used tostick toturn to開始look forward tobe devoted topay attention tocontribute to apologize todevote oneself to 9 省去to 的動(dòng)詞不定式 1） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 （ 除ought 外） 后。2） 使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make后，感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。注意：被動(dòng)

23、語態(tài)中不能省去to。例如： I saw him dance. 我看見他跳舞。 =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. 老板讓他們整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night.3） would rather，had better句型后4） Why / why no句型后5） help 后可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb （to） do sth：6） but和except后。but前是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的不定式不帶to。比較：He wants to d

24、o nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃這藥，他什么都信。7） 由and, or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去：8） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，可以省去to be。例如： He is supposed （to be） nice.他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。典型例題1） - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change

25、?A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going答案：D. why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。2） Paul doesn't have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 答案：B. make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to 不可省略。 10 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式在不定式標(biāo)志to前加上not。例如： Tell him not to shut the window。

26、讓他別關(guān)窗。 She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過的時(shí)候，她假裝沒看見。典型例題1）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never driver C. never driving D. never drive 答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式為warn sb not to do sth. 此處用的是否定詞never.2） The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in t

27、he street，but his mother told him _. A. not toB. not to doC. not do it D. do not to 答案：A。not to 為not to do it 的省略形式?？梢灾挥胻o這個(gè)詞，而不必重復(fù)整個(gè)不定式詞組。及物動(dòng)詞do后應(yīng)有賓語，因此也B，D不對(duì)。 11 不定式的特殊句型tooto 1）tooto 太以至于。例如：He is too excited to speak. 他太激動(dòng)了，說不出話來。 - Can I help you ? 需要我?guī)兔?- Well, I'm afraid the box is

28、too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝。2） 如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定，too 后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意 為"不太"。例如： It's never too late to mend. 改過不嫌晚。（諺語）3） 當(dāng)too 前面有only, all, but時(shí)，意思是：非常 等于very。例如： I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 能幫助你我非常高興。 He was

29、but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。 12 不定式的特殊句型so as to 1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。例如： Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.湯姆對(duì)事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.輕點(diǎn)進(jìn)去，別驚醒了嬰兒。2）表示結(jié)果。例如： Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 勞駕，現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了。 13 不定式的特殊句型W

30、hy not "Why not +動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議，翻譯為："為什么不?" "干嗎不?"。例如：Why not take a holiday? 干嗎不去度假?14 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 1） 一般式表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后，例如 He seems to know this. 他似乎知道這事。 I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.我希望再見到你。2） 完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作

31、之前。例如： I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. 很抱歉，給你添了那么多的麻煩。 He seems to have caught a cold. 他好像已經(jīng)得了感冒。3） 進(jìn)行式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如： He seems to be eating something. 他好像正在吃什么東西。4） 完成進(jìn)行式表示動(dòng)作從過去開始并延續(xù)至說話的時(shí)候。例如： She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 我們知道她研究這問題有好

32、幾年了。 15 動(dòng)名詞與不定式 1）動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別： 動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是： 狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的 不定式表達(dá)的是： 目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的2）有些動(dòng)詞如continue接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，意義基本相同。 3）有些動(dòng)詞如continue接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，意義大相徑庭。常見的，下一節(jié)有專門討論。 分詞 用法大全分詞既有動(dòng)詞的特征，由有形容詞和副詞的特征。分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式，過去分詞沒有這種區(qū)別。及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞還有主動(dòng)形式和被動(dòng)形式的區(qū)別。分詞常用的形式如表所示（以及物動(dòng)詞do 和不及物動(dòng)詞go為例）：

33、0;dogo主動(dòng)被動(dòng)現(xiàn)在分詞doingbeing donegoing過去分詞/donegone完成式having donehaving been done/1 分詞作定語 不及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)完成；及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)，過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)。分詞的完成式一般不作定語。分詞作其他成分時(shí)，也是如此。分詞作定語，單個(gè)的分詞作定語一般前置；分詞詞組，個(gè)別分詞如given, left等，修飾不定代詞等的分詞，作定語需后置。例如：We can see the rising sun. 我們可以看到東升的旭日He is a retired worker. 他是位

34、退休的工人There was a girl sitting there.有個(gè)女孩坐在那里This is the question given. 這是所給的問題There is nothing interesting. 沒有有趣的東西分詞作定語相當(dāng)于定語從句，如Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. = Most of the people who wereinvited to the party were famous scientists.典型例題 1） The first textbook _ for

35、teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written答案D. 書與寫作是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞做定語表被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于定語從句 which was written 2）What's the language _ in Germany?A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak答案B. 主語language與謂語動(dòng)詞之間有被動(dòng)的含義。spoke

36、n，在句中作定語，修飾主語language, spoken 與 language有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。該句可以理解為：What's the language （which is） spoken in German? 2 分詞作狀語 分詞作狀語，可以表示時(shí)間，原因，理由，條件，讓步，連續(xù)等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。例如：Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于沒有收到他的信，我給他打了個(gè)電話。 As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.

37、Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 多給些照顧，那些樹會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。 If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.典型例題1）_ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed答案B. Napoleon 與follow 之間有被動(dòng)的含義。being followe

38、d除表達(dá)被動(dòng)之外，還有動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之意。 followed by（被跟隨）。本題可改為： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.2）There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed答案B. 由于聲音在閃電后，因此為聲跟隨著光，聲音為跟隨的發(fā)出者，為主動(dòng)。用現(xiàn)在分詞。3）_, liquids can be changed into gas

39、es.A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat答案C. 本題要選分詞作為狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行的；過去分詞表被動(dòng)的，已經(jīng)完成的。對(duì)于液體來說是加熱的受動(dòng)者，是被動(dòng)的，因而選C。它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句 When it is heated，注意：選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。例如：Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書看上去很舊。 Using the book, I find it useful

40、. 在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用。 3 連詞+分詞（短語） 有時(shí)為使分詞短語與主句關(guān)系更清楚，可在分詞前加連詞。 連詞有： when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分詞的主語和主句的主語必須為同一個(gè)。例如：While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building. 等在那兒時(shí)，他看見兩個(gè)靚妹走出大樓。（waiting 和saw 的主語相同）4 分詞作補(bǔ)語 通常在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞之后。例如： I found my car missing.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車不見了。 '

41、;ll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。 5 分詞作表語 表示主語的狀態(tài)等。例如： She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙著做飯，看上去有些疲倦。 He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。 6 分詞作插入語 分詞作插入語的結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語并不是句子的主語。例如： generally speaking一般說來 talking of （speaking of） 說道 strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格的說 judging from 從判斷 all things co

42、nsidered 從整體來看 taking all things into consideration全面看來 例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。 Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。 （speaking 不是dogs 的動(dòng)作） 7 分詞的時(shí)態(tài)1）一般式表示與主語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如： Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。 Arriving there

43、, they found the boy dead.一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。典型例題The secretary worked late into the night, _a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing答案B. 此處沒有連詞，不能選D，否則出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中選一個(gè)。又因前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且與主語為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。2）完成時(shí)表示先于主語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。例如：While walking

44、 in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時(shí)他傷了腿。分詞作時(shí)間狀語，如果先與主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后， 要用having done。Having finished his homework, he went out. 做完作業(yè)后，他出去了。 =As he had finished his homework, he went out.典型例題_ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not rec

45、eived 答案C. 本題考查分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動(dòng)作（接信）發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作（決心再寫信）之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.8 分詞的語態(tài) 1）通常，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。例如：He is the man giving you the money. （= who gave you）他就是給你錢的那個(gè)人。He is the man stopped by the car.（= w

46、ho was stopped by）他就是那個(gè)被車攔住的人。2）不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，如gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等。例如： a well-read person.一個(gè)讀過許多書的人 a much-traveled may一個(gè)去過許多地方的人 a burnt-out match 燒完了的火柴 動(dòng)名詞不定式、分詞練習(xí)1.      I was _ work last week, but I changed my mind. a. to start b.

47、to have started c. to be starting d. to have been starting2. I intended _ the matter with you, but I had some guests hen.a. discuss b. discussing c. having discussed d. to have discussed3.      Dont let me catch you _.a. do that again b. to do that again c. doing that again d. do

48、ne that again4.      There are many kinds of metals _.a. a.       each has its special properties b. one has its special propertiesb. b.      each having its special properties d. having its special properties5.     

49、; Its pay-day, and theyre waiting _.a. for paying b. to be paid c. to be paying d. to have paid 6.      _ trouble, Im going to forget the whole affair.a. Then rather cause b. Rather causing c. Rather than cause d. Rather than caused7.      The brilliance of hi

50、s satires was _ make even his victims laugh.a. so as to b. such as to c. so that d. such that8.      Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined _ high levels of self-confidence.a. possess b. have possessed c. to possess d. possessing9.

51、60;    The worker is _ in repairing the machine to notice my coming.a. too busy b. enough busy c. busy too d. busy enough10.   “What did you do in the garden?”“I watched my father _ his motorbike.”a. to repair b. repaired c. repairing d. repairs11.   We must have an engineer

52、 _ the workers build the house.a. to see b. see c. seeing d. seen12.   Induction means _ a general conclusion from special facts.a. to come to b. to coming c. coming to d. came13.   Im not going to ask the teacher why he gave me that grade; I intend _.a. to let rest the matter b. the matte

53、r to be let restingc. letting the matter to rest d. to let the matter rest14.   I have tried _ worrying about it.a. to stop consciously b. to consciously stopc. to conscious stopping d. to stopping consciously15.   “Do you want to give a talk on that subject?”“I prefer _ .”a. not want b. n

54、ot wanting c. to not giving d. not to16.   I _ the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests.a. cannot but admit b. cannot help but to admitc. cannot but admitting d. cannot help but admitting17.   Since she is angry, we _. a. had better leaving her alone b. should leave

55、 her alonec. might as well leave her alone d. had rather leave her alone18.   I dont allow _ in my office and I dont allow my family _ at all.a. to smokesmoking b. smokingto smokec. to smoketo smoke d. smokingsmoking19.   You should remember _ from the point when you are writing a composition.a. dont wander b. not to wander c. no wandering d. not wander20.