新題型-概要寫作-浙江高考英語新題型研讀與訓練-Word含解析(共15頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上新題型05 概要寫作 選材特點 （1）所需閱讀的短文詞數(shù)在350以內； （2）所選材料體裁沒有限制，以說明文、議論文和記敘文為主。 評分參考 閱卷時主要考慮以下內容： （1）對原文要點的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況； （2）應用語法結構和詞匯的準確性； （3）上下文的連貫性； （4）對各要點表達的正確性情況。 注意：理解準確，涵蓋全部要求，完全使用自己的語言，準確使用相應的語法結構和詞匯，得分相應比較高。相反，如果概要寫作部分出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文現(xiàn)象，得分檔次將會大大降低；所寫內容與所提供內容無關不得分。 2. 考查能力 概要寫作，簡言之就是對所讀過的文章簡要概括，寫出文章的中

2、心大意，也可稱之為摘要。寫概要時，讀者要是把文章的具體信息用一些具有概括功能的詞和句表述出來，而不是抄襲文章的原句，更不是把細節(jié)性信息作為中心，而是要通過對文章中的單詞、詞組和句子進行合理轉換，對文章的具體信息進行概括，再用合適的語言表述出來。這一題型主要考查學生對文章主旨大意的概括和準確獲取關鍵詞的能力，同時考查學生用簡潔的語言概括文章重要信息的能力以及對文章整體結構的把握能力。因此，概要寫作是基于閱讀理解和書面表達，是二者的有機結合體，是閱讀理解和書面表達的溝通橋梁。 3.寫作步驟 1）細讀原文。首先要仔細閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨和結構，明確各段的大意。 2）弄清要求。新高考的概要寫作是寫全

3、文概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，或者就某些問題寫出要點。 3）列出原文要點。分析原文的內容和結構，將內容分項扼要表述并注意在結構上的順序。在此基礎上選出與文章主題密切相關的部分。 4）在寫作時要特別注意下面幾點：（1）概要應包括原文中的主要事實，略去不必要的細節(jié)。 （2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要應同原文保持協(xié)調，即用較多的文字寫重要內容，用較少的文字寫次要內容。 （3）注意要點之間的銜接，要用適當?shù)年P聯(lián)詞語貫通全文，切忌只簡單地寫出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每兩句之間都加關聯(lián)詞語，以免顯得生硬。（4）不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語表達，至少對原文句子做一些

4、同義詞替換，如果結構上也能有一些轉換會更好。（5）計算詞數(shù)，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。If you havent seen alpaca meat (羊駝肉) on the menu yet, chances are you soon will. It is rising in popularity; about 70 restaurants across Australia feature the meat in their dishes. Among them is Melbourne restaurant Pastuso, whose

5、 head chef appeared in a video by the Australian Alpaca Association to discuss how people have liked the dish. Alejandro Saravia, a Peruvian cook at Pastuso, described the taste as similar to beef. "Alpaca meat has been very well enjoyed by the Australian public," he said in the video.Famo

6、us cook Matt Moran, who owns some of Sydneys leading restaurants, wrote an article for The Daily Telegraph to discuss his experience of cooking alpaca meat. Moran said he had never tried the meat until he visited an alpaca farm, and described the flavour as "very tasty", especially the mea

7、t from the neck. Alpaca meat has also starred in dishes at the Melbourne Food and Wine Festival, with The Age reporting in 2013 about 20 Australian restaurants served the meat, a number which has grown quickly since.Melbourne restaurant San Telmos head cook Mike Patrick researched an alpaca dish, an

8、d said the response was mixed. "It was 50/50： some people said oh wow what are you cooking that for? No thank you and others thought this is really cool and something different and I want to have a try. The people who tried it loved it. Its a point of difference and people like that."In Au

9、stralia alpacas are farmed mainly for their fur, but the Australian Alpaca Association website said farming alpacas for meat is a growing industry. Alpaca meat is a good source of protein with little saturated fat and cholesterol(膽固醇); it is also environmentally friendly when people feed them. Alpac

10、as are able to stand dry conditions for longer than most other animals, and their soft feet cause little damage to the soil and ecosystem._文章大意Paragraph 1：如果你還沒有在菜單上看到過羊駝肉，那么你很快就會看到了。羊駝肉正越來越流行。Paragraph 2：廚師Matt Moran稱直到他參觀了一個羊駝牧場他才嘗試了羊駝肉，并表示它的味道美極了。羊駝肉美妙的味道使其逐漸被列入節(jié)日活動及餐廳的菜單中。Paragraph 3：一半的人喜歡羊駝肉的美

11、味，而另一半的人還不愿意嘗試。Paragraph 4：在澳大利亞，人們飼養(yǎng)羊駝主要是為了它的皮毛，而將羊駝作為肉食動物飼養(yǎng)的這個產業(yè)正在發(fā)展，因為羊駝肉富含飽和脂肪和膽固醇含量比較低的蛋白質，且飼養(yǎng)羊駝也比較環(huán)保?！痉段摹縔ou may soon enjoy alpaca meat because it is becoming popular. (要點1) More and more restaurants are serving it for its delicious taste, which is thought highly of by cooks. (要點2) About half

12、people wanting to try it like its taste while others even refuse to try it. (要點3) Alpaca meat is rich in health-beneficial protein and raising alpacas does little harm to the environment and ecosystem, which leads to the development of the industry of feeding alpacas for meat.(要點4) 概要寫作，其實我們考生并不陌生，在

13、日常的英語教學中，教師經常讓學生就所學英語課文逐段概括段落大意或者復述課文，這在一定程度上都為概要寫作打基礎。除此之外，作為考生，還要注意以下幾點： （1）積累常見的同義短語和句型轉換，掌握并運用單詞、短語和句型。“巧婦難為無米之炊”，即使有再好的寫作技巧，如果沒有相應的基礎詞匯和句法知識，也很難寫出概要寫作的上乘之作。因此，考生要在基礎詞匯和句法知識上下功夫，以不變應萬變。 （2） 進行適度地專題練習。有計劃地進行適度練習有利于考生快速掌握概要寫作的要點，找到概要寫作的感覺，沖破對概要寫作的不適感。平時可多關注往年的高考閱讀文章，進行結構分析和主旨概括訓練。可按文體和題材，分類訓練篇章結構的

14、布局，增強對文章上下文連貫性的把握。概要寫作首先要掌握各種文體的寫作特點和框架。如：記敘文：what / who / when / where / why / how 議論文：opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons)說明文：phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it n

15、ew or significant)新聞： a focus on the first paragraph and the first and last sentences of the other paragraphs 1閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。A new study has been published that puts water quality and the skin of babies under the microscope. Dr.Carsten Flohr and his team at Kings College London presented

16、 the results of their population-based study in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.Researchers involved about 1,300 three-month-old babies from across the UK in this study. They looked specifically at the level of calcium carbonate(碳酸鈣) in the water, which is a measure of water hardness.

17、 The level of chlorine(氯) in the familys water supply was also taken into consideration, as was the use of bathing products, and how regularly the babies were bathed. The babies were then examined for the presence of childhood eczema(濕疹). The natural barrier of their skin was also examined; babies w

18、ere screened for the FLG gene which is associated with an affected skin barrier.The study found that hard water is linked to an 87 percent increased risk of eczema for babies of three months of age. "Our study builds on growing evidence of a link between exposure to hard water and the risk of d

19、eveloping eczema in childhood. Its not yet clear whether calcium carbonate has a direct bad effect on the skin barrier, or whether other environmental factors directly related to water hardness, such as the waters pH, may be responsible," Dr. Carsten Flohr said.And the study, thankfully, doesnt

20、 end there. Dr. Flohr will be examining these results further, with a new study in the works. This late study is due to begin later this year and the question they will be seeking to answer is whether a device to lower water hardness in households will have any effect on the skin of babies. If a dev

21、ice is introduced into a household when a baby is born, will the risk of eczema developing be reduced? For those with babies or children suffering, this could be the news you have hoped for._文章大意 【范文】New research into the link between water quality and infant skin health has made progress.(要點1) To d

22、raw the conclusion, researchers examined about 1,300 3-month-old infants, taking various factors such as water hardness into consideration. (要點2) They found hard water made the risk of eczema for babies increase by 87%, but questions like whether calcium carbonate harms the skin barrier directly rem

23、ain unclear. (要點3) Dr. Flohr will further examine whether a household device lowering water hardness benefits babies skin or protects them from eczema. (要點4)2閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Many people are fond of listening to music. Whether its light music or jazz music, it can improve our moods. Music h

24、as been with us since very early times in human history. Have you ever wondered how music might affect our health?Research shows that having musical training and listening to or playing music at an old age can help keep the brain healthy. Since listening to music is like exercising the brain, one ca

25、n expect the benefits of better memory and mental sharpness as he or she ages.Music can make you feel happy, excited or even pumped up. Listening to music that hits you in a special way causes your brain to release dopamine, which is known as a "feel-good" chemical. It causes us to feel ha

26、ppy and excited. Listening to music provides us with the same burst of happiness that we would get from eating a piece of chocolate.Music can strengthen the heart and shorten the recovery time of patients who are suffering from heart disease. A study found that heart disease patients who listened to

27、 music for 30 minutes had lower blood pressure, slower heart rates and less sadness than those who didnt. Researchers from Drexel University found that cancer patients who either listened to music or worked with a music therapist had better blood pressure levels and improved moods.Music can reduce l

28、evels of the stress hormone, which weakens the immune(免疫) system, increasing risk of heart disease, affecting learning and memory, lowering bone density (密度) and blood pressure, etc. Research found that by listening to just 50 minutes of uplifting music, the levels of antibodies in the human body in

29、crease.Research has found that listening to music promotes better sleep patterns for people and even creates more restful sleep. In some cases, music might even be able to be used to effectively treat sleeplessness. Music can have positive effects on the soul and quality of life as well._文章大意 【范文】Mu

30、sic has been part of our lives since ancient times and it benefits our health. (要點1) Music can keep the aging brain healthy and make us happy or cheer us up. (要點2) As for its medical benefits, music is good for patients with heart disease, high blood pressure or cancer and can boost our immune syste

31、m. (要點3) Besides, music can help us sleep well and positively affect our soul and life quality. (要點4)3閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。The World Rice Conference has voted Cambodian rice the best rice in the world. Cambodia produced just one percent of the worlds rice. It is trying to increase that amount,

32、and the award may help.The countrys rice industry is small and not well-organized. As a result, large amounts of unprocessed rice are sent to Thailand and Vietnam where it is sold for a higher price. But rice means a lot to Cambodias economy. Many Cambodians survive in part by growing rice on small

33、pieces of land.Sok Puthyvuth is the president of Cambodia Rice Federation. "We need better seeds, we need a better collection process, we need better storage, we need better logistics(物流), and also our export needs to brand Cambodian rice to be one of the top brands in the world." Keat Chh

34、on is Cambodias former deputy prime minister. He says increasing rice export will improve the lives of many of the countrys farmers. He says the purpose of the rice policy is to reduce poverty and help people in rural areas earn more. This is highly beneficial to making the development gap between r

35、ural and urban areas in Cambodia smaller.But exporter David Van says the countrys rice industry continues to suffer from the same problems it has had for many years. He says these include the high cost of electricity and a lack of good seeds. And he says the countrys rice industry needs to change th

36、e way it markets its product to show it is different from what other countries offer. "You need to differentiate your product from that of your competitor next door. Otherwise, your product will continue being compared automatically to what the next-door competitor is offering." Cambodia f

37、aces other problems as well. Countries like Myanmar also want to increase their rice export. And, Thailand has extra rice, which is forcing down prices._文章大意種程度上靠種大米為生。Paragraph 3：為了解決大米產業(yè)面臨的問題、提高柬埔寨大多數(shù)農民的生活,柬埔寨需要更好的種子、收割工序、儲藏方法、物流和提高大米出口量及競爭力。Paragraph 4：柬埔寨的大米產業(yè)還遭受著一些問題，如電力成本高、缺少良種，它也應該改變大米的營銷方式，以

38、使其"鶴立雞群"?！痉段摹緾ambodian rice was voted the worlds best.(要點1) Rice is very important to Cambodias economy because many Cambodians live partly by growing rice, but its rice industry isnt well developed. (要點2) So Cambodia needs improvement in many aspects, such as seeds and the collection proc

39、ess, and should increase its rice export to benefit its farmers. (要點3) Considering the problems its rice industry faces, it also should change the way of advertising and presenting its rice to show it is unique. (要點4)4閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Have you ever really thought about the effects televisio

40、n has on your children? 98% of families in the US have at least one TV, according to TV-Free America, and the TV is on an average of seven hours and 12 minutes a day. On average, a child aged 2-11 watches TV for 1,197 minutes a week! It is pretty surprising to see that the same age group of children

41、 only spend 38.5 minutes a week on a meaningful conversation with their parents.As children start watching TV at a younger age, their behavior and relationships with their family can be affected more drastically. When a group of 4- to 6-year-olds were asked to choose between watching television and

42、spending time with their fathers, 54% preferred TV. But what if you dont let your small children watch TV? You may not. But if your toddler (學步的小孩) goes to daycare, you may not know, 70% of daycare centers use the TV during a typical day. Shouldnt they be playing with each other and learning, not do

43、ing something they can do at home?Parents do not have to feel completely helpless. As of 2000, all TVs now have a chip that helps monitor and even block certain shows, with a parental control. All TVs have chips so if you feel TV is not as wonderful as it seemed before, just think you have at least

44、a little power over what your kids watch.But what is even more shocking is how much violence is shown on television. Some kids do enjoy that but most dont. The percentage of children surveyed who said they felt "upset" by or "scared" of violence on TV is 91%! I think that shows c

45、ontaining violence or scary scenes should be broadcast at a later time, so smaller children will not be exposed to them._文章大意 【范文】TV affects children much and 2- to 11-year-olds spend much more time on TVs every week than communicating with their parents. (要點1) Many children watch TV both at home an

46、d in daycare centers, negatively influencing the way they behave and the parent-child relationship. (要點2) The introduction of monitor chips to TV makes it easier for parents to control what kids watch, relieving their concerns. (要點3) Programs with violence are advised to be aired later to keep young

47、 children away from them. (要點4)5Some experts argue the fact that almost one in four teens is constantly online is a dangerous thing, yet I believe that its an opportunity. Technology brings us closer together and can help us in everyday life rather than replacing friends with screens.First, I believ

48、e that technology takes the embarrassment out of face-to-face contact, as talking to someone may make you uncomfortable. You could not say what is on your mind. A much simpler way of communicating is through texts. By texting a person, there is no resistance(抵抗) to what you are trying to say. You ar

49、e able to revise your words before you send them, hopefully not saying something you will later regret or that could hurt someones feelings. Apart from making friends face-to-face, there are other ways of interaction using technology. Technology can help bond people together by showing similar inter

50、ests.Second, technology can help friends and family keep in touch. When moments together are not within reach, the next best thing is to use technology to catch up on each others life and share precious moments through videos and calls. The ability to play back a memory on a screen is amazing, somet

51、hing that can be cherished and kept forever.Some may argue technology is the problem in the world, but I do not. I believe that technology helps you escape the evil and pressure in the world and has the ability to let you create your own world where what others say or think doesnt matter. After a st

52、ressful time, technology is there to help you communicate and remind you what you should be grateful for, or just make your day a little better.In conclusion, I believe that not only is technology not replacing friends with screens but its actually bringing us closer together and establishing relationships among teens. Overall, I believe this topic makes the world