上海中考英語各語法點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)考點(diǎn)歸納

1、冠詞一、 固定詞組1 . 有些固定詞組中有 the : in the middle of, go to the cinema/ movies, play the violin/ piano/ guitar, in the end, the same2 .有些詞組中不用任何冠詞：by bus, play football, play chess, go to school, go to bed,at first, lose weight3 .有些詞組中加 a: catch a bus, in a hurry, take a walk,二、專有名詞前1 .國家、城市等專有名詞前不加the : Sh

2、anghai, in New York, in America , 但是theUnited Sates 要力口 the2 .由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前加 the Great Wall,3 .江河、海洋、山川前加 the: the Yangtze River, the Pacific, the Yellow Mountains三.一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二個(gè)月，next前不加任何冠詞1. for breakfast/lunch/supper2. in spring/ summer/autumn /winter3.on Monday /Tuesday /Wednesday /Thursday

3、 /Friday /Saturday / Sunday4.1 nJanuary, February,March,April,May, June, July,August,September,October,November, De cember四、宇宙中獨(dú)一無二的事物，序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級，only所修飾的名詞前用the1. the sun, the moon, the earth2. the eighth, the twelfth, the twentieth, the fourth3. the biggest, the most popular4. the only key五、形容詞加 t

4、he,表示這一類人 the blind, the deaf, the old, the rich, the poor六、單詞前面用“ an還是“a”取決于單詞開頭的讀音是否是原音1. a: a useful dictionary, a university student, a European v川age, a one-eyed captain, a uniform2. an: an hour, an honest girl, an e-mail, an important letter, an exchange student, an uncle an X-ray photograph,

5、an MBA course,There is _anf in the word first. (f, h, I, m, n, s, x, r,)介詞分類記憶：一、時(shí)間介詞具體哪一天on,幾點(diǎn)鐘前用at,年、月份前用in,早上、下午、晚上用in,但是具體某一天的早上、下午、晚上用 on。last, next, this, that, some, every等詞之前一律不用介詞On Christmas Day, on December 14, 2013, on the morning of December 15,二、地點(diǎn)介詞三、短語中固定搭配的介詞care for, based on, in o

6、nes thirties, concentrate on=focus on , the answer to the question, the key to the door, She is of average height, share with, be responsible for, add- to, 四、方式介詞by, withby bus, by train , by e-mail, by express mail, by credit cardwrite with a pen, say it in English五、表示形容詞、副詞比較范圍的of/ among +代詞，名詞或數(shù)詞

7、，in+表示地點(diǎn)或集體的名詞John was the first on the list of the famous stars because he was the richest them.代詞一、 人稱代詞1 .順序：單數(shù)：二、三、一 復(fù)數(shù)：一、二、三John sits among,and me.A. Mary - you B. she- you C. you- Mary D. you- she2 .主格賓格：主格一一主語，賓格一一賓語(動詞或介詞后)The journalist interviewed. (he, his, him)I show around the city, (th

8、ey, their, them)3 .名詞性物主代詞The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but is big and modern.(they,them, their, theirs)Mum, have you ever seen Dannas sports shoes? I want a pair like. (he) a friend of mine/ his/ my father s I we you he her they4、反身代詞enjoy oneself, help oneself to sth, learn - by

9、 oneself= teach oneselfI made it myself.I we you he her theyit不定代詞1 .the other, others, another, the othersSome One-another +可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)固定詞組一個(gè)接著一個(gè) W川 you please show me one?Have try, and youll succeed.2 .形容詞修飾不定代詞、形容詞后置 something necessary3 . either, neither, both, all, none The report says of the two c

10、ountries in Asia supports the war.After you get off the bus, you can take of the two Metro Lines to ZhongshanPark, either sideboth sides4 . few, a few, little, a little It s unusual for him to be so active because he is often a boy of words.A. few B. little C. many D. much數(shù)詞1 two hundred/ thousand,

11、hundreds/thousands of,前面如果有 more than, less than , over, about 等詞時(shí)，用確切的數(shù)據(jù) about/ more than two hundred people 2、數(shù)字的讀法，百位和十位之間用and 365 3、序數(shù)詞的拼寫One , two, three Four, five, eight, twelve, nine, twenty twenty-one5.分?jǐn)?shù) 1/2 2/3, 3/4,3/56、百分比 30 percent 7、日期表達(dá)February 12, 1809two hours and a half =two and

12、a half hoursa ten-year-old boyThe boy is ten years old.He is over fifty years old.He is in his fifties.It s ten minutes walk.It s a ten-minute walk.名詞 1.變復(fù)數(shù) potato tomato hero Negro photo 人兩菜力口 s,其他加es） boy toy, dictionary，（只有輔音 +y 結(jié)尾變 y 為 ies） beach（s, x, ch, sli吉尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)+es） life, thief ,leaf, knife

13、（fe, f 結(jié)尾的名詞，把 f, fe 變?yōu)?ves）2 .可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞many children a few booksmuch information a little timesome boyssome timea couple of days a basket of fruit修飾可數(shù)名詞的：few, a few, many, a large number of, a couple of修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：Httle, a little, much, a great deal of, huge amounts of既修飾可數(shù)名詞的，又可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的：plenty of, a

14、 lot of/ lots of, some3 .名詞所有格my father s friend= a friend of my father s, the teachers office , the Children s Palace形容詞/副詞1、形容詞的用法：1）系動詞后做表語The comedy is very funny2）在名詞前作定語It s a funny comedy3 ） 修飾不定代詞在不定代詞之后There is something wrong with my watch.4）在賓語之后作賓語補(bǔ)足語The good news made Bofe mother excite

15、d.Youd better keep the window open.2、副詞的用法：1）修飾行為動詞He drives carefully.2）修飾形容詞The food is quite delicious.3）修飾整個(gè)句子Luckily, he still got the first prize3、much, far, a little, a bit, a lot, even等詞修飾形容詞比較級The Bund looks much at night, (pretty)He looks a little(happy)4 .既是形容詞又是副詞的：early ,fast, hard, hig

16、h , late5、as- - as not as/so as句型中間用形容詞或者副詞的原級，所以可以先排除比較級和最高級，選副詞還是形容詞，看是否修飾行為動詞The driver drove as as usual.A. most carefullyB. more carefulC. carefulD. carefully6、一些特殊句型The比較級 主語+謂語，the比較級 主語+謂語，The earlier , the better the fastest in our clas one of the longest rivers the second longest rive, bet

17、ter and better疑問詞How far （ten minutes 1k）waHow soon (in ten minutes)How fast (a mile in ten minutes)How long (for ten minutes)How often (twice a day)How many (two)How much (two yuan/two kilos)1. He went to the hospital to have a checkup on eyesight. (99) he go to the hospital?2. We have a class meet

18、ing once a week. (00)did the American spacecrafGalileo travel and work in space?3. This sign meanscars and buses mustn t turn righ04Ye. this sign mean?4. London held the first World Expo in 1851. (05) did London the first World Expo?5. The students projects will be on sihcthree days. (06) will the s

19、tudents projects be on show?動詞連系動詞：1.be 動詞 2.感官動詞：feel(feel-felt-felt), smell(smell-smelt-smelt), taste, sound, look3.表示變化的：become-became-become, get-got-got, grow-grew-grown, turn 4.表示 保持的：keep, stay, remain 5.彳以乎是 seem情態(tài)動詞：May I watch TV?No, you mustn t/ may not/ can t.Must I do the work?No, you n

20、eedn t.may be 可能是 must be 定是 can， t be 不可能是You needn t help hfmYou don t need to help him.1. We keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves. (04)A) may B) should C) can D) need2. A:I fill in the check-in form right now, sir?8: No, you needn t. You can complete it this afternoon. (05)

21、A) May B) Can C) Would D) Must3. My mother make rice dumplings. She ll teach me how to do it. (06)A) must B) need C) should D) can使役動詞： make, let, have sb. do sth.動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語+do/ does1、表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和often , always, usually ,sometimes, everyday 等時(shí)間狀語連用；2、表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理；The sun rises in the

22、 east.3、由when, before, after, if, unless, as soon as； I導(dǎo)的從句，主句用將來時(shí)從句用一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí)I will tell him as soon as he comes back.一般過去時(shí)主語+did1、常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如 yesterday, last week, three years ago , in 1987, at the time , in the past2、過去習(xí)慣性動作used to do一般將來時(shí)will/ shall do1、shall, will +動詞原型構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí);2、am (is , are)

23、going to +動詞原型，表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要發(fā)生的事情；there is going to be3、表示“去向”的動詞，可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來時(shí)come, go, arrive, leave, leave forIm leaving for Beijing the day after tomorrow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/ is/ are + doing常用時(shí)間狀語 now, at present , for the time being, look, listen, be carefulLook, Janes grandma with some aged people.A. dan

24、ces B. dancedC. is dancing D. was dancing過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/ were + doing常用時(shí)間狀語 at that moment, this time yesterday, at six yesterday morning, from two to three yesterday afternoon.也常用于when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句When I was having dinner with my family last night, the telephone rang.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/ has + done1 .常用的時(shí)間狀語和副詞

25、 ：never, ever, already, yet, just, recently, so far, up to now, in the past 10 years.2 . already & yetI have already read the book,政否定旬)I read the book.3 . since&forI have learned English since 2004寸戈線音K分提間)I have learned English for 10 years (同上)4 .延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間動詞I this book for a week.A. have bought B.

26、 have had C. bought D. buy現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)had + done1 .表示過去的過去，常用的時(shí)間狀語：by the end of last year, before I entered the school2,用于主句為一般過去時(shí)的賓語從句中He told me that he had been to China twice.被動語態(tài)：1構(gòu)成：be+及物動詞的過去分詞p.p2 .時(shí)態(tài)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/ is/ are+p.p,般過去時(shí) was/were+ p.p現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/ have been +p.p一般將來時(shí) w川be +p.p情態(tài)動詞shou

27、ld/ may/ must/ can/ could + be+ p. p3 .先劃出句子的謂語部分寫出動詞原形一一判斷時(shí)態(tài)一一注意主語的單復(fù)數(shù)Jane wrote several articles about memory last month.Several articles about memory by Jane last month.1 .wrote2. writewrotewritten3. was/ were written4.主語是 severalarticles ,因止匕是 were written非謂語動詞1動詞不定式主賓表定賓1 .2 3 4 5To be a teache

28、r is my dream I want to buy a new bike My father s job is to make sick people better. We have got a new project to do 補(bǔ)足語 Our headmaster asked us to work hard6.7.動詞不定式作形式主語It is difficult to learn English well動詞不定式作賓語的動詞常見的有：ask, want, tell, agree, advise, decide, plan, promise, refuse, hope, fail8

29、.賓語從句改成簡單旬I dont know what I can do nextI dont know do next.9 .有些動詞后作賓補(bǔ)省略t。一感 feel, 二聽 listen to, hear, 三讓 make, let, hav 四看 see, watch, notice, observe非謂語動詞2動名詞1.主語2.賓語3.表語Smoking isnt allowed in public places Tom enjoys traveling around the world. My hobby is collecting stamps4.動名詞作賓語的動詞enjoy, finish, keep, mind, spend, go, practise.反意疑問句1、劃出句子中的謂語部分You could hardly believe the news,?情態(tài)動詞有：can, could, may,