動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法歸納

1、動(dòng)詞不定式有兩種被動(dòng)式 , 即一般式和完成式 , 例如 do 的被動(dòng)式有 to be done, to have been done 。只有及物動(dòng)詞和相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語才有不定式的被動(dòng)式。一般說來, 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí) , 該不定式要用被動(dòng)式。例如 :He asked to be sent to work in that factory. 他要求派他去那個(gè)工廠工作。These books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.這些書不許帶出室外。但在某些情況下 , 不定式雖然表示被動(dòng)意思 , 用的卻是主動(dòng)形式。常見的有下

2、列幾種情況 :一、在某些固定句型中 , 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語 , 用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。1) have ( give, show ) sth. to do 在這種句型中的不定式與前邊的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 , 又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系。 例如 : I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do與 things 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 , 與I 是主謂關(guān)系。否則 , 在表示被動(dòng)意義時(shí) , 仍需要被動(dòng)式。試比較 :Have you anything to do this afternoon?今天下午你有事要做嗎 ?( to do 是由 you 發(fā)出的)Ha

3、ve you anything to be taken to your parents?你有要帶給你父母的東西嗎 ? (誰帶不得而知)再如 :Please get me something to read.請(qǐng)給我弄點(diǎn)讀的材料。He'll show you the right path to take.他會(huì)給你指出要走的正確的路。2) It ( This, That ) bea an adj. n. to do 在這種句型中 , 不定式與前面的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞不定式可改為動(dòng)詞不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 例如 : This is a difficult question to answer.這是

4、個(gè)難答的問題。question 與 to answer 為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 to answer 可改為 for me to answer 。再如 : It is an easy sentence to translate.這個(gè)句子很容易翻譯。3) There be n. to do在此句型中 , 用來修飾主語的不定式 , 可用主動(dòng)式 , 也可用被動(dòng)式 , 只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。 用主 動(dòng)式作定語 , 重點(diǎn)在人 , 用被動(dòng)式作定語 , 重點(diǎn)在物。例如 :沒有時(shí)間可以耽誤。可譯成 :There is no time to lose(to be lost ). 用 to lose 可看成 for us to l

5、ose; 用 to belost, 誰 lost time 不明確。但下述兩句用主動(dòng)不定式與被動(dòng)不定式意義不同 :a. There is nothing to do now.b. There is nothing to be done.a. There is nothing to see.b. There is nothing to be seen.(We have n othi ng to do now.)現(xiàn)在沒事干。(=We can do nothi ng now.)現(xiàn)在沒辦法了。( nothing worth seeing)沒有東西值得看。( nothing there at all)看

6、不見什么東西。二、在某些 “形容詞不定式 ”的結(jié)構(gòu)中 , 不定式有被動(dòng)意義 , 與句子主語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 其 句型有 :1) n. be adj. to doThe question was very difficult to answer.這問題很難回答。The job is very easy to do.這工作很容易做。2) n. be too adj. to doThe thing is too small to see.這東西太小看不見。I was too excited to say a word. 我激動(dòng)得連一句話也說不出。3）n. be adj. enough to doThe

7、 box is light enough to carry.這盒子輕得可帶走。The book is cheap enough to buy.這本書很便宜可以買。但下列兩句可用不定式的主動(dòng)式 , 也可用被動(dòng)式 :This plant is fit to eat to be eaten.這種植物可以食用。The cake is ready to eat to be eaten.這塊餅可以吃了。三、某些動(dòng)詞 , 如 to let, to blame （責(zé)備） , to seek （尋找）用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)意義。 例如 :The house is to let.這房子要出租。Who is to blam

8、e for it?這得怪誰 ?The reason is not far to seek.這理由不難找到。練習(xí) : 選擇填空。1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to .a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sat on2. I'm hungry. Get me something .a. eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eating3. It is difficult for a foreigner Chinese.a. w

9、rite b. to write c. to be written d. written4. I have no more letters , thank you.a. to type b. typingc. to be typed d. typed5. The car is rather difficult .a. to repair b. to be repairedc. repairing d. being repaired6. He was nowhere .a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen7. She had no money a birthday present for their children.a. to buy b. to