動詞不定式與非謂語動詞

1、龍文教育個性化輔導教案年 月 日教師學生授課時間占八、授課層次授課課題課型教學目標1、知識目標：2、能力目標：教學重點 和難點1、重點:2、難點：教學內容:動詞不定式不定式：to +動詞原形知識梳理：提綱挈領，抓住重點和難點！動詞不定式的基本形式是 “to +動詞原形”有時可以不帶to。動詞不定式（或不定式 短語）沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語。動詞不定式仍可保留動詞的特 點，即可以有自己的賓語和狀語。動詞不定式同它的賓語或狀語構成不定式短語。女口： to read the newspaper, to speak at the meetin等動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此

2、在句子中可以作主語、表語、賓語、 賓語補足語、定語和狀語：句法作用例句作賓語She wan tedto borrowed my radio. They bega n to read and write.作狀語She went to see her grandma last Sunday.He came to give us a talk yesterday.作賓語補足語Lucy asked him to turn off the radio. She asked meto speak more loudly Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once The f

3、ather made his sonstudy hard.作定語Have you got anything to say?I had someth ing to eat this morning .作主語To learn a foreign languageis not easy.注：作主語用的動詞不定式常常為it替代，動詞不定式（或短語）放在后面。例如:It is not easyto learn a foreign language.It took us three daysto do the work.動詞不定式的否定形式由“not動詞不定式”構成.如：Tell him not to b

4、e late.The policema n told the boysnot to play in the street.4）不定式省去to的情況：在感官動詞see watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel和使役 動詞make, have, let等所接的賓語中（不定式做賓語不足語），不定式應省去 to。但 是在被動語態(tài)中不能省。如：Let me liste n to you sing the song.He watched his son play computer games.I saw him run away.He was see n to run a

5、way.The boss make the workers work the whole night.-The workers were made to work the whole ni ght.5）動詞不定式和疑問詞連用動詞不定式可以和疑問詞 what ,which, how, where, when等連用，構成不定式短語。女口：The questi on is when to start.I don ' t knowhere to go .He showed mehow to use a computer.What to do is a big problem.例題解析：舉一反三

6、，學的更輕松！翻譯下列句子，說出句中不定式的作用：1. To grow pla nts is very importa nt.2. It is so nice to hear your voice.3. My dream is to be a pilot.4. He began to read and write at the age of five.5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.6. Tom came to see me last ni ght.7. I am glad to see you.8. Have you got anyt

7、hing to say?9. There are many places to see in China.10.1 asked him not to ope n the win dow.11. I don ' t know what to buy for you.12. I saw him dan ce.13. He ofte n helps me clea n the room.14. They are too shy to speak En glish.15. He was lucky eno ugh to find his watch.16. I want you to go t

8、here together with me.解析：1、To grow plants 做主語；2、to hear your voice做主語；3、to be a pilot 作表語； 4、to read and write作賓語；5、to speak more loudly 作賓語補足語；6、to see me作狀語;7、to see you作狀語；8、to say作定語；9、to see作定語；10、not to open the window 作賓語補足語；11、what to buy作賓語；12、dance作賓語補足語（省略to）; 13、clean the room 作賓語補足語（省略

9、to）； 14、to speak En glish 作狀語；15、to find his watch 作狀語；16、to go there together with me作賓語補足語。練習與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！選擇最佳答案填空：1. Tell himthe light.A. to turnB. not to turn on C. to not turn D. not to turn2. It took us more tha n two hoursthe dinner.A. prepare B. prepari ng C. to prepare D. to be prepared3.

10、 We felt the earth.C. to moveD. be movedA. moveB. move ing4.The stude nts were madethe text ten times.A. readB. read ingC. to readD.to be read5. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable.A. to sitB. to sit onC. sitti ngD.sit6. Nobody knowsn ext.A. what to doB. to do whatC. whic

11、h to doD.how to do7. It is very importa ntusthese words.A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for, remember D. for, rememberi ng8. En glish well, one must have a lot practice.A. For speak ingB. Speak ingC. To speak D. Speak9. I ' m going to the librarythe books.A. return B. borrowC. to retur

12、n D. to lend10. We went to tow nsome shopp ing.A. doing B. did C. to make D. to do11. The funny storyme laugh.A. makeB. mak ingC. to make D. made12. After the final exam, I thi nk all the stude nts want.A. stop to have a rest B. to stop hav ing a restC. to stop to have a rest D. stopp ing to have a

13、rest13. It is very kindyou to help me with my housework. It is hardme to do allthe work.A. of, for B. for, of C. of, to D. to, for14. Many people thi nk it very difficultEn glish.A. to say B. to lear nC. speak D. for speak ing15. The teacher asked the stude ntsherthe word aga in.A. liste n to; to re

14、ad B. to hear; sayC. to liste n to; speakD. to liste n to; pronounce16.Rememberthe book here tomorrow.A. bringB. to bringC. takeD.to take17. -Let's have a rest, shall we?-Not no w. I don't want to stopthe letter yet.A. writeB. to writeC. writ ingD.and write18. -This physics problem is too di

15、fficult. Can you show me, Wang Li n?Sure.A. what to work it outB. what to work out itC. how to work it outD. how to work out it19. - How can I improve my spoke n En glish?-You have to practiseas much as you can.A. speakB. speak ingC. spoke nD. to speak20. - How about going hik ing this weeke nd?-Sor

16、ry. I preferrather tha n.A. to stay at home, go outB. to go out, stay at homeC. stay ing at home, go outD. going out, stay at home1-5 BBACB 6-10 ABCCD11-15 DCABD 16-20 BCCBA非謂語動詞一定義：非謂語動詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞，即動詞的非謂語形式。約占中考10%。二分類：動詞不定式、v-ing形式和過去分詞。1. 動詞不定式1）構成:（not） to do / （not） do2）句法功能：（1）作主語：To finish

17、 the work in ten mi nutes is very hard.十分鐘之內完成這項工作是很難 的。To lose your heart means failure.灰心意味著失敗。動詞不定式短語作主語時，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語不定式置于句后，例如上面兩句可用如下形式：It is very hard to fin ish the work in ten min utes.十分鐘之內完成這項工作是很難 的。It means failure to lose your heart.灰心意味著失敗。常用句式：lt+be+名詞+to do sth.It takes sb.+some

18、time+to do sth.It+be+ 形容詞 +of /forsb +to do sth.常用 careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示贊揚或批評的形容詞，不定式前的sb可作其邏輯主語。區(qū)別：當使用for時，句中形容詞修飾的是不定式；It ' s necessary for you to study hard .（necessary修飾to study hard，表示學習努力是有必要的） 而用of時，句中形容詞修飾邏輯主語。It ' s

19、foolish of him to do itfoolish 修飾邏輯主語 him）（2）作表語：Her job is to clea n the hall.她的工作是打掃大廳。seem作連系動詞，其后的to be不定式可省。She seems to be ill today.= She seems ill.= It seems that she is ill.（3）作賓語：常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, pla n, lear n, prete nd,refuse, man age, help, agree, promise, pr

20、efer,I hope to get good grades.I want to help you. 如果不定式（賓語）后面有賓語補足語，則用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語（不定式）后置，放在賓語補足語后面。I found it difficult to learn math well. 動詞不定式也可充當介詞賓語。I have no choice but to stay here我只能留在這里，別無選擇。He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.他上周日除了修他的自行車什么也沒干。 動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用。He gave us some

21、 advice on how to learn English 給了我們一些學英語的建 議。（4）作賓語補足語：在復合賓語中，動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語，如下動詞常跟這種復合賓語：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, i nvite.有些動詞如 make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, hav等與不帶有to的不定式連用， 但改為被動語態(tài)時，不定式要加 to,I saw him

22、 cross the road.He was see n to cross the road.（5）作定語：動詞不定式作定語，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。He found a good house to live in.（6 ）作狀語： 表目的：He worked day and ni ght to get the mo ney.他夜以繼日地工作來賺錢。She sold her hair to buy the watch chai n.她賣掉了自己的頭發(fā)來買那條表鏈。 表結果（往往是與預期愿望相反的結果意料之外），常位于句尾。He arrived late only to find the tr

23、ain had gone.他來晚了，只見火車已經走了。I visited him only to find him out.我去拜訪他，只見他出去了。 表原因：hey were very sad to hear the news.他們聽到這條新聞非常傷心。 表程度：It's too dark for us to see an ythi ng.太暗了，我們什么也看不見。 表條件：不定式表條件常位于句首。To be heated， liquid will change into gas.如果受熱，液體就會變成氣體。 表方式：不定式可接在 as if / as though之后He move

24、d his mouth as if to say somethi ng.他嘴唇動了動，好像要說什么事。（7）不定式做獨立成分To tell you the truth, I don ' t like it.告訴你實話，我不喜歡它。（8）不定式的省略：保留 to省略do動詞。If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.如果你不想做這件事，你就不必做。（9 ）不定式的并列：第二個不定式可省略to。He wished to study medici ne and become a doctor.他希望學醫(yī)并成為醫(yī)生。2. v-i

25、ng 形式1）分類：v-ing形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞，2）句法功能：（1）作主語：Readi ng aloud is very helpful.朗讀是很有好處的。（2）作表語：In the ant city, the quee n's job is lay ing eggs .在螞蟻王國，蟻后的工作是產卵。（3）作賓語：They have n't fin ished buildi ng the dam.他們還沒有建好大壩。要記住如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep

26、, miss, consider, admit （承認）， deny （否認），mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk （冒險）， appreciate （感激），be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help情不自 禁地）,think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent （from）,keep from, stop （from） ,protect -from, spend （in）, succeed in, be used to, look forwa

27、rd to, pay attention to, insist on,（4）作定語：Is there a swimmi ng pool in your school? 你們學校有游泳池嗎？3. 過去分詞1）構成：-ed2）句法功能：1）做定語Our class went on an orga ni zed trip last Mon day. 上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。（2）做賓語補足語I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。（3）做表語They were frighte ned at the sad

28、 sight.他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。注意：1有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別1）forget to do忘記要去做某事（此事未做） forget doing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）2）stop to do停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事3）remember to do記住去做某事（未做） remember doing記得做過某事 （已做）4）regret to do對要做的事遺憾 regret doing對做過的事遺憾、后悔5）try to do盡全力，努力做某事try doing嘗試做某事6）mean to do打算，

29、有意要 mean doing意味著7）go on to do繼而（去做另外一件事情） go on doing繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）8）propose to do打算（要做某事） proposing doing建 議（做某事）9）learn to do 學著去做某事learn doing 學會做某事10) can' t help to do不能幫助做某事can' t help doing 情不自禁做某事11) used to do 過去做某事be used to doing 習慣做某事12) e /love/hate/ prefer +to do表示具體行為；+doing s

30、th表示抽象、傾向概念(注)如果這些動詞前有should一詞，其后賓語只跟不定式，不能跟動名詞。I should like to see him tomorrow13) need, want, deserve 動名詞表被動意義； The room needs cleaning.+不定式被動態(tài)表示要(修、清理等)”意思。2?？季涫剑?) see/watch/notice/hear/find sb. doing sth強調動作正在進行 see/watch/notice/hear/find sb. to do sth強調動作發(fā)生的事實2) keep sb. doing sth.讓某人做某事3) fi

31、nish doing sth.做完某事4) spend time/money (in) doing sth花費時間 /金錢做某事5) have difficulty/trouble doing sth.做某事有困難6) how/what about doing sth?做某事怎么樣？(提建議)【模擬題】一根據(jù)句意，用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1. Is it n ecessary(lear n) a foreig n Ian guage?2. He is good at(swim).3. Do you have anything(say) for yourself?4. It ' s s

32、pring now. it ' s time(plant) trees.5. Don ' t keep me(wait) for a long time.6. The policema n told the boys not(play) in the street.7. Her son is too young(dress) himself.8. Let ' s(have) a rest, shall we?9. The speaker spoke too quickly for us(un dersta nd).10. The little boy is not ol

33、d enough(read).11. I asked him(show) me his new pen.12. Kni ves are used for(cut) thin gs.13. I really don ' t know what(do) next.14. I ofte n hear people(say)“(see) is(believe)15. You ' d better(try) this medicine.16. They said they had nothing(worry) about.17. Can you finish(read) the book

34、 in three days?18. The doctor was busy(operate) on the boy at that time.19. (tell) you the truth, I dislike making friends with him.20. Stop(talk) and liste n to me carefully.21. Thank you very much for(help) us.22. Granny is very ill and she doesn' t feel like(eat) anything.23. Would you like(c

35、limb) the moun tai n with me?24. The girl enjoys(liste n) to light music.25. We couldn ' t help(laugh) after we heard the funny story.26. What about(go) out for a walk?II .選擇填空。1. Would you pleasethe door for me?A. holdi ngB. not to hold C. hold D held2. Seeing an old man getting off the train,

36、she hurried overthings for him.A. carry ingB. to carry C. carried D. for carry ing3. We d really like youto the party tonight.A.come B. to come C. will come D. should come4. We can do nothing butthe experiment.A.to repeat B repeat C. repeating D. repeated5. Have you got any thingabout this matter?A.

37、 say ing B. to say C said D. say6. He was nottry it again.A. such a fool as to B. so a fool as to C. a fool such as to D. a fool so as to7. He was too excited.A. to go to sleep ing B. to slept C. to go to sleep D. going to sleep8. We can' t have himlike that all day.A.to work B. working C. to be

38、 worked D. work9.She were ofte n heardthis song whe n she was happy.A. sang B singing C. sung D. to be singing1O.The train was see nat a very high speed toward the in dustrial cen ter.A.travel B. travels C. traveled D. traveli ng11.We ' ll soon have a personwith us.A. to work B. worki ngC. worke

39、d D works12. has not bee n decided yet.ATo start whe nB. Why to start C. When to start D. Start to where13. Do you thi nk it difficult?A. for me to do so B. for my to do so C. for I to do so D. for me doing so14. She keeps telli ng us.A. what to do B. doing what C. what is doing D. do what15. is not

40、 known.A. Whom to beg in the running testB. When to beg in the running testC. Whe n the running test beg inD. How beg in to the running test16. the job alone is impossible.A.To him to do B. For him doing C For him to do D. For he to do17. it should be made clear.A What to do B. Why to do C Whom to d

41、o D When can do18.0ur house n eedsbefore the rainy seas on arrives.A. to repair B. to be repair C. repaired D. repairing19.1 haven ' t decided which hotel.A. to stay B. is to stay at C. to stay at D. is for stayi ng20.1 was almost asleep whe n I heard some oneat the door.A. knock B to knock C. k

42、no ekedD. being kno eked21.1 ofte n spe nt much moneybooks.A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D for buying22.If you practiceEn glish whe never you can, you will soon speak well.A. talk ing B. going speak C speak ing D to speak23.We are tired ofthe same problem all the time.A discussing B. to discuss C

43、. discussing forD. discuss24.She usually forgetsthe door, but she rememberedit yesterday.Ato shut to shut B. shuttingshuttingC. to shut shutting D. shuttingtoshut25.1 a bus to school whe n it was raining.Aam used to take B. used to taking C. use to take D was used to taking26. I ' m thirsty. Wil

44、l you get me something?A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating27. It was great funa picnic on the hill.A. to haveB. of hav ingC. have D. had28. Lily, keep the window. The sandstorm hasn' t stopped yet.A. close B. closed C. ope n D. ope ned29. A policeman saw two thievesa girl' 顯mobjlbiphond he

45、 caught them aton ce.A. to steal B. steali ng C. stole D. stole n30. It ' s bad for your eyescomputer games for a long time.A. plays B. to play C. play D. played31. They were madefourtee n hours a day.A. work B. worki ng C. worked D. to work32. Is it always easierfriends than to keep them?A. mak

46、i ng B. make C. to make D. made33. He stood there for two hoursthe game.A. watched B. watchi ng C. is watch ing D. was watch ing34. ItJack twenty minu testhe math problem yesterday.A. took; to work out B. takes; worked out C. has taken; work out D. is taking;work ing out35. When you leave, don '

47、 t forgetoff the light.A. to turn B. turni ng C. turn D. turned36. Who do you think you ' d like?A. to make friends B. make friends C. to make friends with D. make frie nds with37. Although Jeff loves KFC, he triesit too often.A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat38. -Hi, Betty. Shall

48、 we go swimming this Sunday?-This Sun day? I am sorry, I have a lot of homeworkthis Sun day.A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done39. Sally had no penyesterday morning.A. to write B. to write with C. writ ing D. writ ing with40. -Excuse me, sir. Look at the sign on the wall“ NO” .-Oh, I ' m sorry.

49、 I ' ll never do it again.A. PARKED B. SMOKE C. SPITTING D. SMOKED41. -Boys and girls, will you pleasethe park this after noon? -OK.A. not clea ning outB. not to clea n out C. to clea n up D. clea n up42. The Great Gree n Wall will stop the wi nd fromthe earth away.A. blow B. blowi ng C. blew D.

50、 to blow43. How about?A. to go out for a walkB. go swimmi ng in the riverC. visit ing the sick childre n in the hospital D. to hav ing lunch in the restaura nt44. It ' s very kindyou tomethe heavy bag.A. for; tell; to take B. of; tha nk; forC. to; speak; to have D. of; help; carry45. Have you de

51、cided?A. to go with whom B. whom to go with C. whom go with D. with whom to go46. Her hopea gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games.A. to win B. is to win C. wi nning D. will win47. The meet ing room is big eno ughone hun dred people.A. hold ing B. hold C. to hold D. holds48. Would you please pass me t

52、he knife?A. to cut the watermelo n with B. to cut the watermelo nC. cutt ing the watermelo nD. cutti ng the watermelo n with49. It is better to teach a man to fish thanhim fish.A. givi ngB. to give C. gives D. gave50. Jenny is in terested inin her free time.A. liste ned to the radioB. read ing magaz

53、 ines C. watch TV D. plays tennis51. The policema n warned the young manafter drinking.A. n ever to driveB. to n ever drive C. n ever driv ingD. n ever drive52. What do you think is the best waythe wild ani mals?A. protect ing B. to protect C. protected D. protect53. I ' d ratheron the land in a factory.A. work; tha n work B. work; work C. to work; tha n to workD. to work; to work54. They are look ing forward toall over the world.A. travel B. traveledC. traveli ngD. be traveled55. Would you mi ndbecause theree so man