語法---現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) The Present Perfect Tense一構(gòu)成一構(gòu)成:肯：肯：have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞動(dòng)詞過去分詞否：否：has/havent +P.P.疑：疑：Has/Have 提前提前-回答回答:have/has He has already finished his work. He hasnt finished his work yet. Has he finished his work yet? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.My brother has studied in this school for three years._ _

2、has your brother studied in this school?Shes never been to the Great Wall before, _ _?反義疑問句反義疑問句Shes never away from her hometown, _ _?How longhas sheis she二二 含義含義:1.表示動(dòng)作在說話之前已完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)表示動(dòng)作在說話之前已完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的影響影響。(過去過去對(duì)對(duì)現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在,無無時(shí)間狀語，時(shí)間狀語，+V終終）2. 表動(dòng)作在過去發(fā)生且持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有表動(dòng)作在過去發(fā)生且持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能還將可能還將持續(xù)持續(xù)下去。（過去下去。（過去到到現(xiàn)

3、在，現(xiàn)在，有有時(shí)間狀語，時(shí)間狀語，+V持持）通常和通常和for或或since引引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用.(1) 表時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語表時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語: for + 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段 （for 3 years)since+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn) （=since 3 years ago)since+ 句子句子(過去時(shí)）過去時(shí)）(conj.)-It is/has been +時(shí)間段時(shí)間段+since+句子句子(過過)-時(shí)間段時(shí)間段+ has passed since+句子句子(過）過）The shop has been open since 2 years ago.同義句同義句=The shop ha

4、s been open _ _ _.=It _/_ _ 2 years since the shop _.2 years _ _ since the shop _.for two yearsis has beenopenedhas passedopened Fill in the blanks with for, since: _three days _three days ago _last Sunday _ 1998 _he came to China _two years _she died _a minute _five oclock _February forsincesincesi

5、ncesinceforsinceforsincesince 注注1): since 也可單獨(dú)使用也可單獨(dú)使用, 表示表示“自那時(shí)起自那時(shí)起”; 另外另外since前也可加前也可加上上ever,以加強(qiáng)語氣以加強(qiáng)語氣.Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.注注2): 對(duì)對(duì)for或或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語提引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語提問問 必須用必須用how long, 決不能用決不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How lon

6、g have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here? I have learned English _ more than five years.2) She has lived here _ten years.3) He has worked here _ two oclock.4) Lucy has taught maths _ nine oclock this morning.forforsincesince5)They have been engineers _ Se

7、ptember.6)Ive known Lily _ a year and a half.forsincehave been to; have gone to; have been in1.A:Where is Jim? I cant find him. B: He_the library.2.He _Shanghai twice.3.I _never_America before.4.My mother _Beijing. She _ Beijing for two days. She will come back in a week.5.A:Hello, may I speak to Jo

8、hn? B: Sorry, he_Shen Zhen. has gone to has been to have been to has gone to has been in has gone to三三 搭配詞語搭配詞語adv:already(已經(jīng)，肯，系后行前）已經(jīng)，肯，系后行前） yet （還，否，句尾（還，否，句尾/已經(jīng)，疑，句尾）已經(jīng)，疑，句尾） ever（曾（曾經(jīng)）經(jīng)） just （剛剛）（剛剛）never（決不）（決不）before once/twice 時(shí)間狀語：時(shí)間狀語： up to now（直到現(xiàn)在）（直到現(xiàn)在）, so far（迄今）（迄今）, these days（這些

9、天）（這些天）, in/over/during past/last few years（在（在過去的幾年里）過去的幾年里）1.already(adv.)肯定句肯定句: 句中句中(系后行前系后行前)/句末句末 “己經(jīng)己經(jīng)”一般疑問句一般疑問句: 句末句末(表示驚訝的語氣表示驚訝的語氣) “難道難道” Eg. Ive already had breakfast. (更常見更常見)注注: 有有already的句子在時(shí)態(tài)上并不都的句子在時(shí)態(tài)上并不都是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),判斷時(shí)要看該詞后是否判斷時(shí)要看該詞后是否有動(dòng)詞的過去分詞有動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.Eg. Shes already eighty year

10、s old. It was already very late.2. yet 否定句否定句:句末句末 “還還(沒沒)”疑問句疑問句: 句末句末 “己經(jīng)己經(jīng)” （表（表“已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”肯肯定句中用定句中用already；疑疑問句中用問句中用yet)Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?注注: 帶帶already的肯定句變成否定句或疑的肯定句變成否定句或疑問句時(shí)問句時(shí),將將already要變成要變成yet放在句末放在句末. Eg. I have already done my homework.否定句否定句: :一般疑問句

11、一般疑問句: :I havent done my homework yet.Have you done your homework yet? 3. ever在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法 肯定句肯定句/疑問句疑問句 : 句中句中 “曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)” Eg. Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing? 4. never在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法否定句否定句: 句中句中 “從來沒有從來沒有”Eg. Ive never been to Beijing.Shes never been to the Great Wa

12、ll before, _ _?反義疑問句反義疑問句has she注注: 帶帶ever的肯定句變否定句時(shí)的肯定句變否定句時(shí), 要將要將ever變成變成never; 帶帶ever的一般疑問句的一般疑問句作否定回答時(shí)可用作否定回答時(shí)可用“No, never.”Eg. He has ever made dumplings.否定句否定句:Have they ever traveled by train?No, never.He has never made dumplings.5. just在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法用于用于句中句中, 表示表示“剛剛剛剛”Eg. Ive just had

13、breakfast. What have they just done?6. before在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法用于用于句末句末, 表示表示“以前以前” Eg. Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?1. - _ do you watch TV ? - Once a week. A. How often B. How long C. How much2.The two men_each other since 1980. A. didnt see B. dont see C. havent seen3.She _m

14、uch money on her clothes every year. A. takes B. spends C. paysACB4. Where is Sandy? She _ answer the phone. A. has gone to B. has been to C. is gone to5. He has been _ Beijing twice. A. to B. in C. atA.A.1) Li Lei has joined the army for two years. 2) Li Lei has been in the army for two years. = Li

15、 Lei _the army two years ago. = _ two years _ Li Lei joined the army. joinedIts since 與一般過去時(shí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換與一般過去時(shí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換他他4 年前去世了。年前去世了。He died 4 years ago.He has been dead for 4 years.=He has been dead since 4 years ago.=It is 4 years since he died.=Four years has passed since he died.2、我買這支鋼筆、我買這支鋼筆3年了。年了。 1)

16、 I _ the pen three years ago. 2) I _ the pen _ three years. 3) _ three years _ I bought the pen.4)Three years _ _since I bought the pen.boughthave had forIts since3、他來北京兩個(gè)月了。、他來北京兩個(gè)月了。1)He _ to Beijing two months _.2)He _ Beijing _ two months.3)He _ Beijing _ two months_.4) _ two months _ he came to

17、 Beijing.5)Two months _ _ since he came to Beijing.came has been in forIt is since has been in since agoago 1、 他去世五年了。他去世五年了。 He _for five years. =He _ five years ago. =_ five years _ he died .2、這部電影己開始、這部電影己開始10分鐘了。分鐘了。 This film _ for ten minutes. =This film _ ten minutes ago.3、她來這兒一年了。、她來這兒一年了。 S

18、he _here for a year. = She _ here a year ago.4 、瑪麗離開這里兩年了。、瑪麗離開這里兩年了。 Mary _ here _ two years. =Mary _ here two years ago. has been dead died Its since has been on began has been came has been away for left1. My uncle left an hour ago. My uncle _ _ _ since an hour ago.2. Its two years since he joine

19、d Greener China. He has _ _ Greener China _ two years ago.3. Her grandfather died 5 years ago. Her grandfather has _ _ for 5 years. Her grandfather has _ _ _ 5 years ago.L10L10 has been away been in since been dead been dead since die-been dead become - been buy - have had borrow - have kept finish/

20、end - been over join - been in / been a member of leave-been away (from) begin-been on come/arrive-been here/there(2) 終止性終止性V要變成要變成持續(xù)性持續(xù)性V： He bought the car two days ago. He _ _ the car for two days. 2. The film has been on for an hour. The film _ an hour _. 3. Its five days since he borrowed my mo

21、ney. He _ _ my money _ five days ago. 4.They have been in the army for 2 months. Its two months _ they _ the army. 5. Bill left three minutes ago. Bill _ _ _ since three minutes ago. has had began ago has kept since since joined has been away1.His fathers been back home,_? A. isnt he B. hasnt he C.

22、doesnt he2.She is interested _ English. So she is doing well _ it. A. in, in B. at, at C. in, at3. - Where have you _? - I have _ to the library. A. gone, gone B. been, been C. been, goneBBA4. Neither my brother nor I _ there before. A. has been B. have been C. have gone5. The old man _ for ten years. A. died B. has died C. has been deadBC1. -How long have you taught in this school? - _. A. In 1995 B. since 1995 C. 3 years ago2. I havent seen you _ last Saturday. A. for B. since C. /3. Mr. Black _ China for many years. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been