大學(xué)英語(yǔ)_語(yǔ)法___虛擬語(yǔ)氣祥解

1、Learning goals1. Know what the subjunctive mood refers to 2. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood3. Master the structure of the subjunctive mood about “if ”4. Do some exercises語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來(lái)表示。虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式， 一是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種

2、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(常用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中)； 一是表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (常用在名詞性從句中)。 簡(jiǎn)言之，即：不是事實(shí)或不大可能發(fā)生的事情，就用虛擬語(yǔ)氣來(lái)表述虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常考形式：虛擬語(yǔ)氣的?？夹问剑?1. if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句 2. 名詞性從句名詞性從句 3. 固定句式固定句式 4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示虛擬情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示虛擬 5. 可用可不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況可用可不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況a. ifa. if真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句 表示條件是表示條件是真的或真的或有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的, , 采用采用陳述語(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣。b. ifb. if虛擬條件句

3、虛擬條件句 表示條件是表示條件是虛擬的虛擬的或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的, , 采用采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣。If we have chances, we can have further cooperation.If I have another chance, I will visit China again.if if真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣, ,假設(shè)的情況假設(shè)的情況很有可能發(fā)生很有可能發(fā)生, ,其中其中if if是是“如果如果”的意思的意思if條件從句條件從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 主句主句will shall+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形W

4、hat What willwill you do if you do if it it rains rains tomorrow?tomorrow?I I willwill sleep sleep at home at home if it if it rainsrains tomorrow. tomorrow.if虛擬條件句 表示條件是虛擬的或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的, 采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反與與過(guò)去過(guò)去事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反與與將來(lái)將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反事實(shí)可能相反If I had a great deal of money, I would buy

5、a villa (別墅) for my parents.與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反If I were the schoolmaster of the college, I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反 if虛擬條件句if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞一般用動(dòng)詞一般用were)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+would ( should / might / could )動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形1. I

6、f I had a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (別墅別墅) for my parents.2. If I were the schoolmaster of the college, I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.即：即：If+一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞一般用動(dòng)詞一般用were)If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully, he would not have caused the car a

7、ccident in May,2009.與與過(guò)去過(guò)去事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反If Tom had learnt how to swim,he would not have been trapped on that island for four years.與與過(guò)去過(guò)去事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反had got upcould have caught與與過(guò)去過(guò)去事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反 if虛擬條件句if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與過(guò)去過(guò)去事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+had +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞1. If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully, he wo

8、uld not have caused the car accident in May,2009.2. If Tom had learnt how to swim, he would not have been trapped on that island for four years.had got upcould have caught即：即：If+過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + would ( should / might / could )have doneIf I met Obama some day, I would shake hands with him. If I we

9、re to meet Obama some day, If I should meet Obama some day, 與與將來(lái)將來(lái)事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反 if虛擬條件句if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與將來(lái)將來(lái)事實(shí)事實(shí)相相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)1、If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+would ( should / might / could )動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 If I met / were to meet / should meet Obama some day, I would s

10、hake hands with him. 總結(jié)：if虛擬條件句if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)與與過(guò)去過(guò)去事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)與與將來(lái)將來(lái)事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)1、If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞一般用動(dòng)詞一般用were)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+would ( should / might / could )動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形即：即：If+一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞一般用動(dòng)詞一般用were

11、)If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+had +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞即：即：If+過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + would ( should / might / could )have done主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+would ( should / might / could )動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形注意以下問(wèn)題： 1. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句 2. (if省略) 倒裝虛擬條件句 3. 含蓄條件句1. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)與與過(guò)去過(guò)去事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)與與將來(lái)將來(lái)事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)1、If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)

12、主語(yǔ)+were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞一般用動(dòng)詞一般用were)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+would ( should / might / could )動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形即：即：If+一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞一般用動(dòng)詞一般用were)If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+had +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞即：即：If+過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + would ( should / might / could )have done主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+would ( should / might / could )動(dòng)詞

13、原形動(dòng)詞原形錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句1. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句即：if虛擬條件句與主句的時(shí)間不一致。1). If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。（從句說(shuō)明過(guò)去，主句說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在。）2). If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了。（從句說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在，主句說(shuō)明過(guò)去。）3). If you hadnt lent me s

14、ome money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借錢給我，我不可能買下這幢新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。（從句說(shuō)明過(guò)去，主句說(shuō)明過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在。）2. 在虛擬條件句中，如果條件句中有were, had（助動(dòng)詞）或should時(shí)，可使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但if必須省略。若條件從句為否定句，否定詞not應(yīng)置于主語(yǔ)之后，而不能與were，should，had等縮略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt置于句首。 1).

15、Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy.= If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy.2). Should I have time, I would go with you. = If I should have time, I would go with you.3). Were I not so busy, I would go with you. = If I were not so busy, I would go with you.(if省略) 倒裝虛擬條件句補(bǔ)

16、充例句： 要不是 (固定句式) If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work yesterday. = Had it not been for , If it were not for lacking money, I would go travelling right now.= Were it not for lacking money, 與與過(guò)去過(guò)去事事實(shí)相反實(shí)相反與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事事實(shí)相反實(shí)相反But for 要不是要不是(1) I was ill that day. Otherwise, I wou

17、ld have takenpart in the sports meet.（副詞）（副詞）(2) He telephoned to tell me of your birthday, or / otherwise I would have known nothing about it.（連詞）（連詞）直陳語(yǔ)氣直陳語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣直陳語(yǔ)氣直陳語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣3. 含蓄條件句含蓄條件句有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件句。引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件句。含蓄條件句含蓄條件句(4) Ev

18、erything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（獨(dú)立主格）（獨(dú)立主格）= If everything had been taken into (了解即可了解即可)consideration, (3) I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.（連詞）（連詞）直陳語(yǔ)氣直陳語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣(5) 用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用的介詞有用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用的介詞有with, without, but for 等。

19、如：等。如：What would you do with a million dollars?We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help.But for the rain, we would have finished the work.=If you had a million dollars, what would you do?=If we hadnt got your help / If you hadnt helped us, =If it hadnt been for the rain, 虛

20、擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣隨堂練習(xí)1. If I _ten years younger, I _ very happy.A. were, would be B.am, shall beC. were, shall be D. am, would be2. You can ask your brother for help. He is not at home. If he _, I _.A.is, would B.were, wouldC.is, will D.were, will3. If you _the doctors advice, you would have a

21、lready recovered.A.follow B.followed C.would follow D.had followed4. If he had not missed the train, he _by then.A.might get B.might have got C.got D.had got5. What would you have done last night, if you _to write your homework.A.hadnt B.havent had C. didnt haveD.hadnt had6. Did you catch the plane?

22、No, if I had hurried, I _.A.would B.would have C.could D. did7. Why didnt you tell him the truth? If I _you, I would have.A.were B.had been C.am D.would be 8.How do you like the party?Wonderful. If you had come with us, you _a good time.A.had B.had had C.would have D.would have had9. If I _out of my

23、 ink, I would have finished writing the paper.A.didnt run B.shouldnt run C.havent runD.hadnt run10. If you _early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon.A.have started B.were started C.were to startD.had started11.Did you hand in your application for a league member?Not yet. If I _to see my fa

24、ther, I would have.A.didnt go B. havent gone C.wouldnt have gone D. hadnt gone12.Why didnt Tom give you one of his paintings?I didnt want one, but he would have given me one if I _.A.do B.would C.will D.had13.Do you think the thief entered through the garage door?No, if he had, I dont believe _broke

25、n the living room window.A. would he have B. he had C. he would have D. he has1. If my father _ here now, he _ tell me what to do.A.were; wouldB. was; willC. had been; wouldD. is; willExercise A2. If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A.followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would fol

26、lowExercise C3. If I _ in the 22nd century, I _ my vacation in a very different way.A. should live; would spendB. will live; should spend C. are living; should have spentD. will be living; would have spentA4. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Sho

27、uld C. Would D. WillExercise tomorrowB5. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English writing competition.A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have wonExercise B6. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing probl

28、ems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have beenC. wouldnt have been D. would have not beenExercise nowin 1955A7T he weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _. A. wouldnt die B. di

29、dnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have diedExercise Dhad rainednow8. They _ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. A. had got B. got C. have got D. getExercise Botherwise9. Why didnt you buy the flat? I_，but I didnt have the money. A. would have B. bought C.

30、would like to D. had boughtExercise AbutLearning goals1. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood2. Master the structures of the different forms of the subjunctive mood3. Do some exercises about the grammar虛擬語(yǔ)氣的?？夹问剑禾摂M語(yǔ)氣的?？夹问剑?1. if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句 2. 名詞性從句名詞性從句 3. 固定句式固定句式 4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示虛擬情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表

31、示虛擬 5. 可用可不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況可用可不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況a. ifa. if真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句 表示條件是表示條件是真的或真的或有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的, , 采用采用陳述語(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣。b. ifb. if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 表示條件是表示條件是虛擬的虛擬的或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的, , 采用采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 總結(jié)：if虛擬條件句if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)與與過(guò)去過(guò)去事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)與與將來(lái)將來(lái)事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)1、If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原

32、形3、If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞一般用動(dòng)詞一般用were)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+would ( should / might / could )動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形即：即：If+一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞一般用動(dòng)詞一般用were)If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+had +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞即：即：If+過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + would ( should / might / could )have done主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+would ( should / might / could )動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形（4+1）注意以下問(wèn)題：

33、1. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句 2. (if省略) 倒裝虛擬條件句 3. 含蓄條件句 insist, order / command, suggest / advise / propose / recommend, desire / demand / require / request / askshould do ! should do ! should do ! 二二. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣二二. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1. 一一 “堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持” (insist) , 二二“命令命令” (order, command) , 四四“建議建議” (advi

34、se, suggest, propose, recommend) ,五五“要求要求” (ask, demand, require, request, desire) + (that) sb (should) do .或是或是 (that) sb / sth (should) be done 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句我們建議我們建議Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。他堅(jiān)持要我與他同行。他堅(jiān)持要我與他同行。他們要求派他們要求派Tom去那兒工作。去那兒工作。老師要求作業(yè)要及時(shí)完成。老師要求作業(yè)要及時(shí)完成。We suggested _ .He insisted _ .They requested (that)

35、Tom _ .(that) Tom have a rest(that) I (should ) go with him(should) be sent to work thereThe teacher asked (that) our homework _ .(should) be finished in time這些動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句也用should do It is suggested that we (should) practise reading English everyday. The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (s

36、hould) practise reading English everyday. The teacher give us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday.2. 這些動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句也用should do It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded that (should) do The / Ones insistence / order / command / sugge

37、stion / advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that (should) do a / the suggestion / request (等) that (should) do 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句 Its suggested that the plan (should) be carried out at once . The old womans demand is that her son (should) c

38、ome to see her once a week. We are in favor of the advice that the factory (should) be closed down.3. wish 的賓語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)從句1. wish 的賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反: 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)( be 用用were )與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反: 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反: would/could +V.原原 shouldI wish I _ (be) as tall as Yao Ming.wereI wish/wished I _ (h

39、ave not) eaten so much watermelon.hadntI wish it _ ( will ) rain tomorrow. If so, I can stay at home to have a good sleep.wouldHe wishes he _ ( become ) a scientist some day.could / would become 三三. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型與固定句式虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型與固定句式:1. would rather 寧愿，但愿寧愿，但愿 sb did 與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)情況相反情況相反sb had done 與過(guò)去情況相反與

40、過(guò)去情況相反I would rather you returned me my money now. I would rather we hadnt told her the bad news.I would rather you came tomorrow.2. as if / as though思考：思考：as if / as though 后面的句子是后面的句子是主句還是從句？主句還是從句？He behaves as if he_(own) the house.owned1). 1). 從句的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生從句的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 ( (可以可以理解成與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反理解成與現(xiàn)

41、在事實(shí)相反) )He behaves as if he _ (be) the owner of the house.wereShe talked about Rome as though she _ (be) there herself.had been2). 2). 從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前 ( (可以可以理解成與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反理解成與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反) )He coughed (咳嗽) twice as if someone would come. 他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來(lái)了。3). 3). 從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后 ( (可以可以

42、理解成與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反理解成與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反) )總結(jié)總結(jié)as if / as though與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反: 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)( be 用用were )與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反: 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí) 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反: would/could + V.原原 (了解了解) should與與 wish 的賓語(yǔ)從句相似的賓語(yǔ)從句相似3. It is (high / about ) time (that) “是時(shí)候是時(shí)候. (做某事做某事)” 注意注意: should不能省略不能省略 sb did sb should do 是時(shí)候采取措施來(lái)保護(hù)環(huán)境了。是時(shí)候采取措施來(lái)保

43、護(hù)環(huán)境了。 It is ( high / about ) time that we took / should take measures to protect the environment. 你該走了。你該走了。 Its (high / about) time that you went / should go.4. 在表達(dá)驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的在表達(dá)驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的固定句式中常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣固定句式中常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 Its necessary / strange / natural (自然的自然的, 理應(yīng)如此的理應(yīng)如此的) / important + that

44、 sb (should) do1). It is important that we _ ( master ) a foreign language.2). 真奇怪，她竟然拒絕來(lái)參加真奇怪，她竟然拒絕來(lái)參加party。 Its _ that she _ to come to the party.3). 鳥(niǎo)在樹(shù)上安歇鳥(niǎo)在樹(shù)上安歇 / 休息是很自然的。休息是很自然的。 It is _ that a bird _ in trees. ( should ) master(should) refusestrangenatural(should) rest5. If only ! 要是要是就好了就好了If

45、 only與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反: 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)( be 用用were )與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反: 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)If only it stopped raining now!If only we had followed your advice!總結(jié) wish, would rather, as if / as though, if only 表虛擬時(shí)的共同點(diǎn)是：時(shí)態(tài)往后退一步，同if虛擬條件句四. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示虛擬 1. 本本想想/打算打算做某事卻沒(méi)做做某事卻沒(méi)做 2. 本本應(yīng)該應(yīng)該做某事卻沒(méi)做做某事卻沒(méi)做 3. 本本不該不該做某事卻做了做某事卻做了 4. 本本能

46、夠能夠做某事卻沒(méi)做做某事卻沒(méi)做 5. 寧愿寧愿過(guò)去過(guò)去做了某事卻沒(méi)做做了某事卻沒(méi)做 6. 最好最好過(guò)去過(guò)去做了某事卻沒(méi)做做了某事卻沒(méi)做 7. 本本不必不必做某事卻做了做某事卻做了 would have done should/ought to have done shouldnt/oughtnt to have done could have done would rather have done had better have done neednt have done must have done might have donecant/ couldnt have done過(guò)去肯定發(fā)生了過(guò)

47、去肯定發(fā)生了過(guò)去可能發(fā)生了過(guò)去可能發(fā)生了過(guò)去不可能發(fā)生過(guò)去不可能發(fā)生1. insist, suggest2. as if/though3. if五. 可用可不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況insist / suggest 各有兩種意思，用不同的語(yǔ)氣各有兩種意思，用不同的語(yǔ)氣insist : “堅(jiān)決堅(jiān)決/持要求持要求”用虛擬語(yǔ)氣用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即即 should do;insist : “堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為, 堅(jiān)持說(shuō)堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”用陳述語(yǔ)氣用陳述語(yǔ)氣suggest : “建議建議”用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即即should do;suggest : “表明、暗示表明、暗示”用陳述語(yǔ)氣用陳述語(yǔ)氣1. The teacher

48、suggested that we _ (practise) more after class. 2. Her pale face suggests that she _ (be) ill today. 3. He insisted that all of us _ (get) there on time by any means. 4. He insisted that he _ (not steal) the diamond, and that he should be set free. 他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)偷鉆石，應(yīng)該立刻被釋放。(should) practiseis(should) geth

49、adnt stolen as if / as though When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. The dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.a. ifa. if真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句 表示條件是表示條件是真的或真的或有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的, , 采用采用陳述語(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣。b. ifb. if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 表示條件是表示條件是虛擬的虛擬的或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的, , 采用采用虛

50、擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Exercise 1.I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible . A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 2 .The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be raised. A should B would C must D could3. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went B

51、. wont go C. not go D. not to go4.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished5. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill . A be B was C should be D is6.He insisted he _right. A. were B. was C. be D. is1. His suggestion th

52、at you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2. She made the demand that the journalists _at once for Iraq. A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to be left3.We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _. A. should put off B. was put off C. be put off D. is to put off4.

53、 It is high time the child _ to the hospital. A. is sent B. would be sent C. must be sent D. were sent5. If only I _ driving before. A. had learned B. learned C. learn D. would learn 6. I wish I _a bird A is B were C will be D are7. How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in the future . A had visited

54、 B would visit C visited D will visit 8. Id rather you _ me the news. A. not tell B. not to tell C. didnt tell D. hadnt told1. His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C. help D. ha

55、d helped3.My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me.A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sentACAI_ through that bitter period without your generous help. A.couldnt have gone B. didnt goC. wouldnt go D. hadnt goneWe Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury

56、.Awill putBwill have putCwould putDwould have put I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A.will have stolen B. might have stolenC. should have stolen D. must have stolenI wont be in for dinner tonight.W

57、ell, _youd told me earlier.A.I hope B. I wish C. I forgot D. I remember實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí) It is necessary that an efficient worker _ his work on time.A.finishesB.can finishC.finishD.has finished答案: CA C If only the patient _a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were receiving He would have finished his college education, but he _to quit and find a job to support his family. A.had had B.has C.had D.would haveA Had