(完整word版)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)整理

1、15高考語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)和易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法一 =從句從句的做題思路=判定是什么從句一、關(guān)于定語(yǔ)從句(前提：懂得判斷是哪一種從句)1. 修飾某一名詞或代詞的句子叫定語(yǔ)從句。2. 連接詞 that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/asWhat/how><既起連接作用/有充當(dāng)句子成分3. 先行詞n./pron -被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的根據(jù)先行詞選擇連接詞物：which/that/whose人：who/whom/that/whose時(shí)間：when/which/that地點(diǎn)：where/which /thatReason:從句完整 why/for which ;從句不完整

2、 which/that/-Way:從句完整 in which/that/-; 從句不完整 which/that/-I don't like the way you speak to your parents.He found the way was reasonable to solve the problem.答案：in which/that ; which/that當(dāng)先行詞與連接詞后面的名詞n存在所屬關(guān)系時(shí)(的)物： whose+n.=of which +the +n.=the +n.+of which人： whose +n.=of whom +the +n.= the +n.+

3、of whomThe room, of which the window faces south is mine.The girl, whose father died is our monitor.4. 只能用that不能用which(重點(diǎn)前5種情況)the one(1)當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞，如 all, everything , anything , nothing , much, few , little , none, 等。All that can be done has been done.(2)先行詞被 all, few , little , no, every等詞修飾時(shí)。There

4、 is no difficulty that we can 't overcome.(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is the first letter that I 've written in Japanese.(4)先行詞被 the only, the very, the last 等修飾時(shí)This is the very book that I am looking for.(5)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.(6)當(dāng)先行詞

5、是系動(dòng)詞be后面的表語(yǔ)或連接詞本身是從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)。China isn't the country that she used to be 50 years ago.(7)當(dāng)主句是以 who, which或what開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop ?5. 永遠(yuǎn)不用that=介詞/逗號(hào)之后6. 當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)時(shí)when /where /that/which/-When=介詞+which=介詞+時(shí)間Where=介，+which = 介詞 + 地點(diǎn)Which/that=時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)當(dāng)從句完整時(shí)，用When/ W

6、here/介詞+which當(dāng)從句不完整時(shí)，用 which/that/-e.g. I still remember the days that/which/- we spent at the seaside last summer.This is the factory in which/ where his parents used to work.1 .The library students often study was on fire last night.2 .The library,was built in the 1930s, needs repairing.3 .The lib

7、rary you visited yesterday was built in 1990.4.1 ' ll never forget the day we first met in the park.4.2 ' ll never forget the time I spent on campus.4.3 ' llever forget the time was spent with you.答案： where/in which ; which/that; which/that ; when/on which ; that/which; _that/which7. as與

8、which的比較：(1)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，均可替代整個(gè)主句.如從句在主句之后，兩者皆可用；如從句在主句之前，用as。They failed in the exam , as/which is natural.As is known to all , the earth moves around the sun.(2) as "正如，就像”Which這一點(diǎn)/這個(gè)/這件事”He is careless, which caused the accident.He is late again, as/which we expected.8 .當(dāng)先行詞被the same, such, so

9、修飾時(shí)，This is the same book as you bought yesterday.同一類 .that 同一個(gè)This was so difficult a problem as we couldn't work out.（后面句子不完整）This was so difficult a problem that we couldn't work it out.（后面句子完整） This was such a difficult problem 9 .另外，定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)相一致。如 ： Mr. Jackson is the only fore

10、igner that is present at the party.0 He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher.解析：在句中，先行詞 foreigner被only修飾，強(qiáng)調(diào)只有一個(gè)，所以從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式, 而在句中，who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the students為復(fù)數(shù)，所以從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。感悟：學(xué)生之所以在這一點(diǎn)上經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)，主要是對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的理解不夠深刻，分辨不出主句和從句， 對(duì)句子成分的把握也不到位，搞不清關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)何種句子成分。所以要做好這 一類題，要首先弄清關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)

11、系副詞的用法，而且應(yīng)善于分辨和分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及其相應(yīng)成分，這 樣才能對(duì)癥下藥，快速準(zhǔn)確地找到甑之所在。二、名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句 What I say is true賓語(yǔ)從句 He won' t believe what I say.表語(yǔ)從句 That is what I said.同位語(yǔ)從句 I told them the news that Rockets won the game today.區(qū)別什么從句應(yīng)看主句，主句不完整時(shí)從句肯定是名詞性從句。主句完整時(shí)，從句可能是定語(yǔ)從句, 狀語(yǔ)從句，或者同位語(yǔ)從句。I have forgotten where we went yesterday

12、.Where we went yesterday is covered with all kinds of flowers.Oh! This is where we came yesterday.This is the place where we came yesterday.Here, he made the promise that he would come here 10 years later.I will make a mark where he made the promise.需要用什么引導(dǎo)詞看從句。名詞性從句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引導(dǎo)詞；缺名詞性成份時(shí)，指人用who/wh

13、om ,指物用what;不缺意思和成份時(shí)用that。That只有在賓語(yǔ)從句中可以省略。1. the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is known.A.不填 B. Whenever C. What D. When2. There is a common belief among them rubbish can and should be put to good use.A. which B. ifC. whether D. that3. He ' s bought a cottage 3r he retires, with the mon

14、ey he saved.A. When B. where C. what D. which （哪一個(gè)、哪一些）答案DDA-It is known to all that Taiwan belongs to China.-Do you think it possible that we take over Taiwan?-Of course.It經(jīng)常在句中當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，代替真正的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，以避免頭重腳輕。It is pretty well understood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out of the atmosphere

15、today.A. That B. when C. what D. howWhy don ' t you bring to his attentionthat you are too busy to do it?A. This B. whatC. that D. it答案CD表"是否"時(shí)只用whether不用if:1. Whether the president will come is not known yet.（ 主從）2. The problem is whether we need it.（表從）3. The problem whether we will

16、build another school hasn 't been settled.（同位語(yǔ)從句）4. He was worried about whether he passed the English examination. （介詞之后）5. It doesn't matter whether she will come or not. （whether or /or not ）6. I don't know whether to go.（動(dòng)詞不定式之前）區(qū)別：that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句與前面的的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，“的名詞”，而同位語(yǔ)從句是

17、用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表示事實(shí)或概念的抽象名詞，如 fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。That在定語(yǔ)從句中必須作成分，可用 which或who/whom代替，而that在同位語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用。如： Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas. Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago.解析

18、：在句中，that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句解釋說(shuō)明promise的內(nèi)容，that不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用，而在句中，that在其引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞visited的賓語(yǔ)，對(duì)先行詞the chicken farm起修飾作用。感悟：學(xué)生之所以在這一點(diǎn)上容易出錯(cuò)，主要還是因?yàn)閷?duì)定語(yǔ)從句的理解不夠深刻，分 辨不出that在從句中是否充當(dāng)了句子成分，因此，還需在句子分析上下功夫，并且搞清 何謂同位語(yǔ)從句。三、狀語(yǔ)從句（主句完整，從句和主句之間不存在修飾關(guān)系的，一般就是狀從）1. 關(guān)于 when/while/as都有“當(dāng)時(shí)”When I arrived, he had already left.Mary

19、asked me to care for her pet while s he was away.（當(dāng) 時(shí)）As the sun set in the west, it became darker and darker.As time goes by/as the economy developsWhen （正在這時(shí)）Be about to do .When Be doing when Had just done when Be on the point of doing when whileHe likes pop music while I am fond of classical mus

20、ic.（ 而）Mary asked me to care for her pet while she was away. （當(dāng) 時(shí)）While I understand what you say, I can 't agree with you. （雖然）asA. 隨著 + 句子 as time went by as the economy developsB.像 + 句子 It looks a little ugly as it is .C.作為 + 短語(yǔ) treat / regard / consider / think of / look on as（把 作為來(lái)對(duì)待）D. 因?yàn)?

21、+ 句子 because /since/forAs you are Senior 3 students, you should spare no effort / pains to study.E.正如/就像As is known to all/we all know, Taiwan belongs to China.As an old saying goes, it's not until the Dragon Boat Festival that we can put away warm clothes.2. 關(guān)于 since/before/untilIt is/has been

22、several months since we last spent the holiday in the country together.It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.BeforeHe left before I could say thank you“ to him. 來(lái)不及Three years passed before I knew it.才It won't be long before we have a monthly exam.It will be ten years before we

23、 meet again.It was ten years before they met again.Until/till （主句謂語(yǔ)持續(xù)性）Notuntil（主句謂語(yǔ)短暫性）George worked for IBM until/till 2000.直到靠近，我才認(rèn)出他。Until he came up to me, I recognized him. （此句錯(cuò)誤）=» I didn't recognize him until he came up to me.3. 關(guān)于“一就”Hardly when No sooner than As soon asThe moment/

24、time/minute/second + 句子Immediately/instantly/directly + 句子On doing/ 名詞Hardly （No sooner） had I got home when （than） the rain poured down.The moment she saw the robber, she screamed.Instantly he saw the drowning girl, he jumped into the river.Upon arrival/ On arrival / On arriving, I will pay a visit

25、 to you first.4. It is/was + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) +when 與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 的區(qū)別It was midnight _ I fell asleep.A. when B. that C. while D. becauseIt was at noon we arrived in the village.A. before B. while C. when D. that答案AD5.Unless如果不（除非）/if如果you go all out to do the work, I don't think you can achieve your goal as planned.

26、A. UnlessB. Even C. SinceD. TillHe never speaks he is spoken to, for he is not much of a speaker.A.when B.ifC.unless D.until答案AC6. as if（though）似乎/仿佛/好像+真實(shí)/虛擬7. even ifhough 即使8. in case/for fear that 以防 /惟恐9. What/whatever/no matter what; how/however/no matter how What（ever） + 名詞 How（ever） + 形容詞 /副

27、詞Whatever difficulties we meet with, it is best to face them and try to solve them.However late it is, I 'll wait for you.No matter how busy he is, he is ready to help others.No matter +疑問(wèn)詞=引導(dǎo)狀從疑問(wèn)詞+3丫3=引導(dǎo)名從/狀從Whatever you say, I won't believe you. = No matter what （狀語(yǔ)從句）I won't believe w

28、hatever you say. = anything that（賓語(yǔ)從句）Whoever / No matter who comes, don 't let him in.（狀語(yǔ)從句）Whoever / Anyone who leaves last should turn off the lights.（主語(yǔ)從句）10. Where +句子（特別是引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀從和定從的區(qū)別）I have forgotten where we went yesterday.Where we went yesterday is covered with all kinds of flowers.Oh! T

29、his is where we came yesterday.This is the place where/in which we came yesterday.I will make a mark where the teacher emphasizes.語(yǔ)法二二=非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)做題思路1 .判斷主被動(dòng)2 .判斷時(shí)間（要發(fā)生 /正在進(jìn)行/已完成）非謂語(yǔ)與其邏輯主語(yǔ)（即動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者）之間有三種關(guān)系，如為主謂關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞或 不定式的主動(dòng)式；如為被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行）或不定式的被 動(dòng)式（動(dòng)作將進(jìn)行）；如既無(wú)主動(dòng)也無(wú)被動(dòng)關(guān)系則只能用狀語(yǔ)從句或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)

30、構(gòu)（即非謂語(yǔ)加上自 己的邏輯主語(yǔ)）。Judging/considering/genrally speaking/supposing指說(shuō)話者的動(dòng)作，故只用主動(dòng)式。如：Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam.解析：從這個(gè)句子可以看出，句詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)he 一致，并且是主謂關(guān)系，所以用了現(xiàn)在的分詞作狀語(yǔ)，同時(shí)，分詞的動(dòng)作明顯地發(fā)生在句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，故采用了現(xiàn)代分詞的完 成式。In order to improve English ,.A. Jenny '

31、s father bought her a lot of tapes.B. Jenny ' s father bought a lot of tapes forrself.C. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny.D. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny father.解析：根據(jù)不定式短語(yǔ)我們可以推知，句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是人而不是物，所以，應(yīng)該排除CD,再就是應(yīng)該是Jenny提高自己的英語(yǔ)，而不是她爸爸，故答案先B.,we decided to go out for a walk.A. It is fine B.

32、It fine C. Being fine D.It being fine解析：主句主語(yǔ) we與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)be fine之間既無(wú)主動(dòng)關(guān)系與無(wú)被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)It,由于不存在主、被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故不能選C項(xiàng)，而應(yīng)該選 D項(xiàng)。more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. Given B.To give C.Giving D. Having giving解析：give與主句的主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選A.如為主動(dòng)關(guān)系則選 C.易出錯(cuò)的問(wèn)題一般都是學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中對(duì)知識(shí)理解不深刻或能力欠缺的地方，應(yīng)及時(shí)糾錯(cuò)和建立錯(cuò)題檔案”，還應(yīng)借題發(fā)揮”

33、，有意地把一些易錯(cuò)題予以歸類，找出錯(cuò)誤根源，總結(jié)規(guī)律。非謂語(yǔ)=不能做謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式1 Doing 主動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行eg. The man standing there is my teacher.2 being done 被動(dòng) 正在進(jìn)行eg.I think the book being written by him will sell well.3 having done 主動(dòng) 已經(jīng)完成 只能做狀語(yǔ) eg. Having finished his homework, he went out to play.4 having been done被動(dòng) 已經(jīng)完成 只能做狀語(yǔ)eg Having been

34、taken care of well, the old man recovered soon.5 done 被動(dòng) 已經(jīng)完成fallen leaves(這里表完成，不表被動(dòng) )6 (onlyjust) to do 主動(dòng) 將來(lái)7 to be doing主動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行8 to be done 被動(dòng)將來(lái)9 to have done主動(dòng)完成10 (to have been) done 被動(dòng) 完成 非謂語(yǔ)Having done所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前完成，一般放句首做狀語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)doing所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)進(jìn)行。Having worked hard all day, I went to b

35、ed early.Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn 't take much notice.Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.Walking in the way of back home, suddenly I saw a store covered with s

36、moke.不定式表意料之外的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在分詞表自然而然的結(jié)果。I hurried home, only to find nobody in.His parents died early, leaving him alone.* only to do 與doing作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的用法“only to do做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表意料之外的結(jié)果，尤指不愉快的結(jié)果。“doing ”做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示必然結(jié)果與主句之間含有邏輯上的因果關(guān)系。語(yǔ)法三=虛擬語(yǔ)氣（一）if虛擬從句主句與現(xiàn)在相反befweredofdidWould/should/could/might+V 原與過(guò)去相反Be fhad been dofhad don

37、eWould/should/could/might+have done/been與將來(lái)相反1.Be fwere; dofdid2.were to +V 原3.should doWould/should/could/might+V 原注：1、if I were you fWere I you if I had finished it f Had I finished it if it should rain f Should it rain2、句型=（要不是）If it were not for . Wou ld /should/could/might +do/be=Were it not fo

38、rIf it had not been for.W ould /should/could/might +have done/beenHad it not been forIf it were not for the expense, I would go to Italy.If it hadn't been for the expense, I would have gone to Italy.I've discovered I possess a large number of different talents and skills that I never would h

39、ave thought were within me had it not been for my being open to trying new opportunities.3、Without/but for=（要不是）Without you, I wouldn 't have got full mark.（二）、If only/Wis h+現(xiàn)在：bewere do 一didIf only/Wish+ 過(guò)去： befhad been dofhad doneIf only/Wish+ 將來(lái)：could/should/would +doAs if/though 也適用It seems

40、as if it is going to rain.It seems as if it were to rain.注：may you +V 原（三）動(dòng)詞 ：Insist/suggest/advise/recommend/propose/order/command/demand/require/request /desire +（should）do注：動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞和句型也用（should） do表虛擬suggestion /order/adviceIt ' s suggested/ordered that+（四）It' s necessary/importaivtlal tha

41、t - （should） do（五）It s' （high/about） time that should do/did（六）would rather +句子1、對(duì)現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)虛擬用 did2、對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬用had done虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。 if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student now.句子都是虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的使

42、用，從句中都是假設(shè)過(guò)去的情況，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，但在主句中，句依然指代過(guò)去的情況，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是would have done,而中含有一個(gè)表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) now,這樣就必須將其理解為假設(shè)現(xiàn)在的情況，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為would/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形，學(xué)生在這一點(diǎn)上經(jīng)常會(huì)忽略 now的存在，從而按句的形式填寫答案。語(yǔ)法四=情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表猜測(cè)must只用于肯定句/表示很有把握的猜測(cè)/翻譯成“肯定/一定”；can/could用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句；may/might用于肯定句/表示沒有把握的猜測(cè)/翻譯成“可能也許”mustn't have done絕對(duì)錯(cuò)/是無(wú)效選項(xiàng)must 必須，&

43、quot;不必"用 needn't/don't have tomustn't禁止/不準(zhǔn)一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ do/be表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在行為或動(dòng)作進(jìn)行猜測(cè)You ve been working all day. You must be very tired.-Someone is knocking on the door.-It can't be Lucy. She's still in the library at this time.二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +have done/have been表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為或動(dòng)作進(jìn)行猜測(cè)a. must have done表示對(duì)

44、過(guò)去某事的肯定猜測(cè)。其否定或疑問(wèn)形式都用can(could)來(lái)表示.Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night.He can ' t have missed the waI drew him a map.“The dictionaryhas disappeared. Who could/can have taken it? "b. may / might have donemay / might have done表示推測(cè)過(guò)去某事也許”發(fā)生了 .I can ' t find my keys. I may

45、/ might have left them at the schooyesterday. c. could have done在肯定句型中，往往用作委婉的批評(píng).本可以做什么，而沒做；有時(shí)也用作猜測(cè).You could have done it better.Tom could have taken the dictionary.t have doned. ought to / should have done 和 ought not to / shouldn 本該做而事實(shí)上沒做本不該做而事實(shí)上做了e. needn ' t have done不必做卻做了The usage of sha

46、ll”表征求(用在第一、三人稱 )Shall my daughter do your shopping for you?表承諾（用在第二、三人稱）Her father promised that he shall buy her a computer if she passed the National College Entrance Exam.表命令（正式文件/場(chǎng)合）It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.It has

47、 been announced that all the students shall put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with SARS virus.You shall obey my orders.He shall leave the country at once.Foreign countries shall not interfere in our internal affairs.It shall snow tonight.（表警告）語(yǔ)法 五二=動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)形式包括時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)

48、態(tài)狀態(tài) 時(shí)間過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般過(guò)去一般現(xiàn)在一般將來(lái)一般過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行過(guò)去進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行將來(lái)進(jìn)行過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行完成過(guò)去完成現(xiàn)在完成將來(lái)完成r過(guò)去將來(lái)完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行共16種時(shí)態(tài)，高中掌握11種。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 將來(lái)完成時(shí)do / does; am /is /aredid; was/werewill do ; am/is /are going to dowould do; was/were going to do am/is /are doingwas / were doingwill be doi

49、nghad done/beenwill have done/been現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/ has done/beenHave /has been doingHad been doingWill have been doing二、解題技巧：1、找出題目中的相關(guān)動(dòng)詞，對(duì)它們的時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行比較，注意各個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序。2、 記憶固定用法，比如： so far, in the past few year, for+ 時(shí)間段，Up to now等用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。By + now =現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)By +過(guò)去時(shí)間=過(guò)去完成時(shí)By +將來(lái)時(shí)間=將來(lái)完成時(shí)By the end of

50、+過(guò)去時(shí)間last month=過(guò)去完成時(shí)By the end of +將來(lái)時(shí)間this month=將來(lái)完成時(shí)By the time （從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）=主句將來(lái)完成時(shí)By the time （從句一般過(guò)去時(shí)）=主句過(guò)去完成時(shí)By the time he arrives, we will already have left Xiamen.By the time he arrived, we had already left Xiamen.3、固定用法并不是絕對(duì)的，關(guān)鍵是看語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)是什么。Peter said, I went to Xiamen two days ago/yesterda

51、y. ”Peter said that he had gone to Xiamen two days before/the day before.4、熟記固定公式。This/It is the first time （that） I have come here.It/ This was the third time （that） he had made the same mistake.It is / has been several months since we last spent the holiday in the country together.It was ten years

52、 since we had had such a wonderful time.I was about to go out when the telephone rang.They were reading when Tom shouted in pain.Hardly （No sooner） had I got home when （than） the rain poured down.It won 't be long before he succeeds.It was ten years before they met again.三、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（P1） 29.I h

53、ope I can see you at my birthday party.- Oh, dear, I. When is it?A. almost forgotB. had almost forgottenC. will almost forget D. have almost forgottenA. - How can you borrow my computer without my permission?Oh. I forgot to tell you（過(guò)去忘記現(xiàn)在已想起）.I hope you don't mind.have forgotten （至U現(xiàn)在還忘t己）“現(xiàn)在”指

54、的是說(shuō)話的那一瞬間。B. - I wonder what has become of your company?Haven't you heard about it （至U現(xiàn)在還沒聽說(shuō)）？ It is as good as ruined because of bad management.Didn't you hear about it?（過(guò)去沒聽說(shuō)現(xiàn)在已聽說(shuō)）C.I'm sorry, but there's no smoking on this flight.Oh, I didn 't know that. Sorry, I won 't ag

55、ain.Haven't known四、have been doing強(qiáng)調(diào)一直在進(jìn)行而且還會(huì)持續(xù)下去be always doing 含貶義It has been raining for several days, completely ruining（毀滅）our holidays.You are always talking with your mouth full. Can 't you get rid of your bad habit?五、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的幾種表示法。-Henry, the phone is ringing. Do you want me to go?- No

56、, sit still.A. I 'll get itB. I am to get itC. I'm getting it D. I am about to get it1. Will do （1、2、3 人稱）Shall do （第一人稱）You will feel better after taking this medicine.We shall know the result next week.2. be going to do （打算做某事）How long is he going to stay here?He's going to be a doctor

57、 when he grows up.（另：表示預(yù)見，即現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某種情況）Look! It's going to rain.Good heavens! I must hurry. I 'm going to be late.Be going to do表示的意圖通常是事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮的，而Will do所表示的意圖，則是說(shuō)話時(shí)刻臨時(shí)想到的。3. be doing （現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)，表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用動(dòng)詞go, come, leave, start,arrive 等）We are leaving on Friday.The President is coming to the UN this week.He is writing to you tomorro