初中英語講義教案初三語法五種基本句型講解和練習(xí)

1、句子成分和五種基本句型.、導(dǎo)入開 心 * 刻1四只老鼠吹牛。甲：我每天都拿鼠藥當(dāng)糖吃； 乙：我一天不踩老鼠夾腳發(fā)癢； 丙: 我每天不過幾次大街不踏實(shí)；丁：時(shí)間不早了，回家抱貓去咯。2一群螞蟻爬上了大象的背， 但被搖了下來，只有一只螞蟻死死地抱著大象的脖子 不放，下面的螞蟻大叫：掐死他，掐死他，小樣，還他媽反了！二、知識(shí)點(diǎn)回顧略(1)專題講解專題1：詞類1.十大詞類實(shí)詞：可以在句子里面充當(dāng)成分，可以獨(dú)立出現(xiàn)1 .名詞n.表示人和事物的名稱，作主語、賓語等2 .代詞pron.代替名詞數(shù)詞等，作主語、賓語等3 .動(dòng)詞v.表示動(dòng)作，做謂語4 .形容詞adj.表示人或事物的特征，作定語、表語，譯作5 .

2、副詞adv.表示動(dòng)作特征或性狀特征，修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或其它副詞，做狀語，譯作“一地6 .數(shù)，num.表示數(shù)目或順序，做主語、賓語、表語、定語等虛詞：不能獨(dú)立出現(xiàn)7 .冠詞art.用在名詞前幫助說明其意義，a / an / the8 .介詞prep.用在名詞，代詞等前面，說明它與別的詞之間的關(guān)系9 .連詞conj.用來連接詞與詞或句與句10 .感嘆詞interj.表示說話時(shí)的感情或口氣專題2:句子成分1.句子成分概述組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫彳句子的成分，既 :主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。主語 和謂語是句子的主體部分。1.主要成分：主語、謂語（必須有）一2.特定成分：賓語、表語、補(bǔ)

3、語（在某種特定的句型里面出現(xiàn)）3.附加成分：定語、狀語（可有可無，可多可少）2、句子各種成分的含義理解：1）、主語：句子的主角，一個(gè)句子在說或討論誰（啥），誰（啥）就是主語。主語一般放在句首。（在 生+謂+賓”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，賓語是動(dòng)作的承受者。 ） E.g : Tom is a doctor.My father and my mother are teachers.Today is my birthday.I can see a desk in the room.Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.Beijing is a g

4、ood place to visit.2）、謂語：動(dòng)詞作謂語，謂語必須是動(dòng)詞（be/情態(tài)/實(shí)意動(dòng)詞）。一般放在主語的后面。謂語要跟前面的主語在 人稱“和 數(shù)”上保持一致，丁叫主謂一致。E.g ： I am a teacher.My parents work in a school.You can swim.Lucy doesn ' t （homework every day The apple tastes good. He doesn ' t likenglish.I can' t joithe club.3）、表語：表語對(duì)前面的主語表表明、表達(dá)、表現(xiàn)、表示的作用。表

5、明了主語的身份、特征或 狀態(tài)。（表語一般為名詞或形容詞：用干主+系+表”的結(jié)構(gòu)中。）E.g : I am Lily. I am a teacher. That sounds interesting. We must keep healthy. My dream is to be a teacher.My teacher looks excited.4）、賓語：謂語動(dòng)作的承受者就是賓語。（在生+謂+賓”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,賓語是動(dòng)作的承受者。）E.g : They sing songs.The boy join the swimming club.The little dog lo

6、oked at me.I have a book.You like playing soccer.He is reading a newspaper.5）、定語：定語起修飾、形容作用，一般由形容詞充當(dāng)。（還可以由代詞、數(shù)詞充當(dāng)）E.g: It ' beautiful car.Beijing is a good place to visit.I have two big eyes.My father often takes a long walk.I have two pens.The red pen is Tom ' s.6）、狀語：狀語也起修飾作用，一般由副詞或介詞短語充當(dāng).

7、在句中表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、條件、原因、結(jié)果、目的等。狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞。（注：修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語通常放在動(dòng)詞后。He runs quickly.但有些副詞如 often,always, usually等作狀語時(shí)則放在 be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前。）E.g ： He is very tall.He runs quickly.I often go to school at 7:00.I often have lunch at school.They sing this song in English.The teacher smiled in his office.If it r

8、ains tomorrow , we，ll stay at horne條件狀語從句）We had to stay at home because of the rain.（原因狀語從句）I have to work hard so that I can pass the text.（目 的狀語從句）7）、賓語補(bǔ)足語：用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。E.g : He made the boy laugh.I found the dog running through our garden.We call him Little TigerI find learning English difficu

9、lt. （difficult 是形容詞做賓補(bǔ)）I saw the kite up and down. （ up and down 是副詞做賓補(bǔ)）Tom made the girl cry. （cry 是動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)）形容詞和副詞的用法區(qū)別：-形容詞作定語修飾名詞或代詞。-副詞作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞。E.g ： 1、I like the new book.（形容詞作定語）Lily is a happy girl.（形容詞作定語）2、He runs quickly.（副詞作狀語）Lily learns English happily.（副詞作狀語）及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的區(qū)分：及物動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞后可以直接

10、涉及、加上一個(gè)物（或人）作賓語。E.g : I play football.Mother bought a new bag.不及物動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞后丕可以直接涉及、加上一個(gè)物（或人）作賓語。E.g ： He runs quickly.They swim every day.專題3:五種基本句型五種基本句型：英語句子是由主語、謂語（動(dòng)詞）、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等成分組成，按照這些成分的組合方式的不同，英語句子可分為五種基本句型。其他各種句型都是由這五種基本句型轉(zhuǎn)換來的。五種基本句型漢語英語縮寫1、主語+謂語（/、及物動(dòng)詞）S + V2、主語+謂語+賓語S + V + O3、主語+謂語（系

11、動(dòng)詞）+表語S + V + P4、主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語S + V + INO + DO5、主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語S + V + O + OC1）、主語+謂語（不及物動(dòng)詞） 1、The teacher smiled.2、The boy can swim.3、The sun has risen.4、L donL±know5、The rain has stopped.2）、主語+謂語+賓語1、I love you.2、He helps us.3、She played the piano .4、The students played football.5、We study E

12、nglish.6、The children are watching TV .3）、主語+謂語（系動(dòng)詞）+表語（英語中有一類動(dòng)詞叫連系動(dòng)詞.它后面用來說明主語 是什么"、怎么樣”的成分，叫做表語。）廠 Be 動(dòng)詞（am is are was were）連系動(dòng)詞-L 感官動(dòng)詞（look , sound , smell , taste , feel , seem ）1、My dad is old.2、Your pen is in the desk.3、The house is large.4、They are Chinese.5、These boxes are heavy.6、Lam 1

13、7 years old.7、That girl was me.8、You look sad.9、It tastes good.（注：系動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)翻譯成 是”，更多的時(shí)候不譯出來，受中文影響，翻譯成英語時(shí)容易丟掉。英語句子中必須有動(dòng)詞。丟掉連系動(dòng)詞，就是不完整的句子了。）4）、主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語分析下面句子：He gave us some money.2、He returned me the money .3、They sent their son a car.4、My uncle bought me a bike （last week）.5、Mother made me a ne

14、w shirt （last Sunday）.5）、主語 +謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞后只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，說明情況,才能使意思完整。1. They painted the door green.他們把門刷成綠色。（green,補(bǔ)充說明門的性質(zhì)）2. They found the house big.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子很大。（big ,補(bǔ)充說明房子的狀態(tài)）3.I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.我看見 Mr. Wang 上了公交車。（get on the bus,補(bǔ)充說明 Mr. Wang 做了何事）從句

15、：賓語從句、定語從句、狀語從句、（主語從句、表語從句）（注：哪個(gè)句子成分不再是簡(jiǎn)單的單詞、短語，而是個(gè)完整的句子，它就會(huì)是一個(gè)相應(yīng)的從句。初中階段我們豐要了解賓語從句、岸語從句、狀語從句三種從句。）(2)變式練習(xí)一、選出句中謂語的中心詞.1、I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. picture2、Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. go3、 There will be a meeting at the library this after

16、noon.A. will beB. meetingC. the library4、Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. have5、Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. do6、Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whom二、選出下列句中的賓語1、My brother hasn't done his homework.A B C D2、People all

17、 over the world speak English.ABCD3、The 01d man said he was ill.ABC4、 You will find the museum on the left.ABC5、You will find it_useful after you leave school.ABC6、They didn't know Tom.ABCD. wallD. busD. afternoonD. breakfastD. his homeworkD. book四、鞏固練習(xí)一、挑出下列句中的表適_1、The 01d man was feeling very

18、tired ABC2、The leaves have turned yellow3、They look beautiful.ABC4、She was the first one.A B C二、選出下列句中的定堡_1、What is your English name?A B C2、The man downstairs sleeping.ABC3、Lam waiting for the tall boy.AB C4、The ojd. man is_ 90 years 01d.ABC三、選出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語1、He asked her to take the boy out of school

19、.ABC2、They call me Lily sometimes.AB C3、I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.ABC 4、Did. you see Li Ming playing football on the playground四、選出下列句中的狀語1、Tom runs fast.ABC 2、There was a bjg smile on her face.A BC3、Every night he heard the noise .AB C4、He began to learn English when he was eleven.ABC5、She love

20、s the library because she loves books.A BC五、拓展訓(xùn)練一、劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?二、寫出劃線部分的句子成分1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.2. Her ga

21、rden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.4. I like this book very much.5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane ' sister.6. She didn ' t come my party because she was ill.7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.8. We will go to the Children ' s Pacace week.9. They are in the