中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題材Topic8天氣與自然

1、Topic Eight Weather and Nature 天氣與自然話說(shuō)中考隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展， 社會(huì)和諧已提上日程， 天氣與自然環(huán)境很快就成為人們關(guān)注 的話題之一。 此類話題多是說(shuō)明文和議論文。 這就要求我們了解說(shuō)明文和議論文的特點(diǎn)， 這 樣才能對(duì)問題進(jìn)一步地分析和解讀，才能自覺地完成命題要求，取得高分。解題思路：把握該類話題的特征，對(duì)所給信息進(jìn)行歸納整合走進(jìn)中考 （ 湖北襄樊·2010）Earthquakes happen without warning（ 前兆 ） They can happen any time of a day ， at any point duri

2、ng the yearWhen an earthquake is happening， you shouldknow what you should do or not doDo NOT go outside You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings If you are outside ， stay away from buildings and power lines（ 輸電線 ）Stay under a desk ， table ，or other strong furnitureHold on to i

3、t Or stay in acorner of the building Cover your face and head with your arms and cover yourmouth with a towel or clothing Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to gooutside Keep away from windows ， pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building ，and anything else that could fall and

4、 hurt youMost people get injured byfalling things during an earthquake， not by the shaking itself Also keep away from a fire You could fall down and burn yourself on the fireIf you are driving when an earthquake happens， stop the car if it's safeStayinside your car until the earthquake stops， an

5、d don't drive near bridgesTry not tostop by power lines or trees These could fall and hurt you閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。( ) 1 It isn't safe for you to while the earthquake is happeningA run out of the buildingB stay in a corner of the buildingC cover your head with your armsD cover your mouth with a

6、 towel( ) 2 From this passage ， we know A many people fear earthquakesB earthquakes maybe happen at any timeC we can't save ourselves in an earthquakeD people never get injured in earthquakes( ) 3 The best title for this passage should be "" A How Earthquakes HappenB How to Drive a Car

7、C What We Should Do in EarthquakesD Why Earthquakes Happen解析1A BCD 三項(xiàng)在第三段可找到答案； 根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知 A 項(xiàng)的做法是不安全的， 故正確答案為 A 。2 B 根據(jù)第一段前兩句可知，地震可能隨時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生，故 B 項(xiàng)為正確答案。3 C 通過(guò)全文可知本文主要是在介紹發(fā)生地震時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該采取哪些措施才能使自己避免受傷，故正確答案為 C。話題專練Earthquakes may happen anywhere on earth move suddenly，an earthquake happenssea They often hap

8、pen near the mountainsDuring an earthquake ， the shakingsthe earth When some plates of theMany earthquakes begin under the， too make rocks rise suddenly and evencrack( 斷裂 ) open Houses fall ， people are killed or hurt， and sometimes the wholevillages or cities are destroyedCan we do something to kee

9、p ourselves safe from earthquakes? Scientists havestudied earthquakes and made maps that show the "earthquake belts" In areas inthese belts ，it's possible for earthquakes to happenIn these areas we should buildstrong houses to fight against earthquakesIn the future ， scientists will be

10、 able to tell when and where an earthquake willbe before they happen They can also tell people what to do and how to do it根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。( ) 1 The reason for an earthquake is A that there are so many plates on the earthB that the sea is too deepC rocks' cracking open( ) 2 A lot of earthquakes oft

11、en happens A in the areaB next to mountainsC at night( ) 3 A map showing the earthquake belts will tell people A what kind of houses to buildB what kind of houses can stay up in an earthquakeC where earthquake may happen( ) 4 Which is Not True according to the passage?A During an earthquake people a

12、re killed or hurtB The scientists can tell when and where an earthquake is nowC we should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes( ) 5 In the future ， we'll be no longer so afraid of earthquakes A with the help of scientists' exact predictionB because of a map showing the "eart

13、hquake belts"C because we can guess the date and place of earthquakes答案：，an1 A 根據(jù)文章第一段中“ When some plates of the earth move suddenly earthquake happens " 可知，地球是由許多板塊構(gòu)成的，板塊的移動(dòng)產(chǎn)生了地震，所以 根源在板塊。2 B 根據(jù)短文第一段內(nèi)容可知，地震常發(fā)生在山脈附近。3 C 根據(jù)短文第三段內(nèi)容可知，地圖將告訴我們地震帶常發(fā)生地震。4 B 根據(jù)短文最后一段內(nèi)容可知，專家預(yù)測(cè)將來(lái)能判定地震發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，而 不是現(xiàn)

14、在。5 A 根據(jù)短文最后一段內(nèi)容可以推測(cè)出專家能預(yù)測(cè)地震發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，所以我 們不必?fù)?dān)心將來(lái)發(fā)生地震。Have you ever seen a greenhouse? Most greenhouses look like a small glass house Greenhouses are used to grow plants， especially in winter Greenhouses workby trapping heat from the sun ， the glass panels（ 板） of the greenhouse let light in，but keep

15、heat from escapingThis causes the greenhouse to heat up ，much like theinside of the parked in sunlight ， and keeps the plants warm enough to live in winter The earth's atmosphere（ 大 氣 ） is all around us It is the air that we breathe Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere behave much like the glass p

16、anels in a greenhouse Sunlight enters the Earth's atmosphere，passing through the blanketof greenhouse gases As it reaches the Earth's surface ， land ， water ， and biosphere（ 生物圈 ）， they take up the sunlight's energyOnce the heat is taken up，this energy is sent back into the atmosphere So

17、me of the energy passes back intospace ，but much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases，causing our world to heat up The greenhouse effect is importantWithout the greenhouse effect， the Earthwould not be warm enough for humans to live But if the greenhouse effect becomes str

18、onger ，it could make the earth warmer than usual Even a little extra， plants ， and animalswarming may bring problems to humans根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答下列問題。1 What are greenhouses used for?2Why is the temperature in the greenhouse higher than that outside?3What behaves much like the glass panels in a greenhouse?4If

19、we didn't have the greenhouse effect， what would happen?5What does the article mainly tell us?答案：1 They are used for growing plants答案來(lái)自第二段的第一句。2根據(jù)短文第二段中溫室效應(yīng)的工作原理可知，答案是 Because the glass panels ofthe greenhouse can let light in， and keep heat from escaping3根據(jù)短文第三段的“ much of it remains trapped in

20、the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases ”可知，溫室塑料板的作用像空中大氣層的作用， 即答案是 Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere 4根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，如果沒有大氣層的溫室效應(yīng)，人類就不能生存，即答案為 Humans couldn't live because the earth would not be warm enough5根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知， 主要是溫室效應(yīng)及對(duì)人類的影響， 所以答案為 It mainly tells us what the greenhouse effect is and its inf

21、luenceNo one can change the weather But if read the signs correctly around us，wecan know how the weather will be This way of telling what the weather will be likeon the following day or two is called weather forecastingFor many centuries and inall countries ， people have studied the weather and trie

22、d to make weather forecasting Rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain Many people feel in their bones the coming of wet weatherTheir joints( 關(guān)節(jié) ) ache Some birds fly highif the fine weather is coming ， but they fly near ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the way It is probably because of

23、 the insects which they are hunting fly low Ifyou see a rainbow during rainy weather， this is a sign that the weather will becomeclear and fine Such rainbows come in the eveningIf the stars twinkle clearly atnight ， then fine weather will continue If a fog appears in the evening just above ariver ，t

24、hen the day will be warm If the sunset is mostly red in color ， then the morning ， rainy weather will probably come Most of the above sayings have beenmade by the people who have used their eyes and brains to make weather forecasting 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。( ) 1 People's joints ache A is a sign of coming

25、 rainB because they are illC without any reasonD because of the insects( ) 2 Which is true about weather forecasting?A Weather forecasting is a report about the weather on the following day or two B Weather forecasting is a way of telling what the weather will be likeC People can change the weather

26、forecastingD Weather forecasting is a sign of coming rain( ) 3 The birds fly high and the stars twinkle clearly is a sign that the weather will A be rainyB be warmC continue clear and fineD be cold( ) 4 A rainbow during rainy weather is a of the fine weatherA signBway C methodD road( ) 5 We must to

27、make weather forecasting A use our eyes and brainsB study the weather hardC read the weather hardD all of the above可答案：1 A 根據(jù)短文 Many people feel in their bones the coming of wet weather 知，人們的一些關(guān)節(jié)疼痛是雨天來(lái)臨的標(biāo)志。2 B 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容可知，天氣預(yù)報(bào)是對(duì)未來(lái)幾天的預(yù)測(cè)；不是對(duì)天氣的報(bào)道，也不 是雨天的標(biāo)志，即排除 A、 D ；根據(jù)短文第一句可知“人們更不能改變天氣”排除C，所以答案是 B。3 C 根據(jù)

28、短文中 Some birds fly high if the fine weather is coming，和 If thestars twinkle clearly at night， then fine weather will continue可知，鳥兒飛的高和夜晚星光燦爛是天氣晴朗、溫度適宜的象征。4 A 根據(jù)短文中 If you see a rainbow during rainy weather，this is a sign thatthe weather will become clear and fine可知，雨后彩虹是天氣晴朗的標(biāo)志。5 D 從整篇文章來(lái)看，對(duì)天氣的了解不僅靠

29、人們的眼睛和大腦，還要繼續(xù)多觀察和 研究，所以選 D 。四"Green" is more than just a color It also means taking special steps to protectthe environment the water ，the land ，and the air we breatheWhat can you do?Here's one of the guides to being green：Sometimes people call our society a "throwaway society&quo

30、t; That means that we're a little willing to throw away old things and buy new thingsMany times ，evenif you no longer need something， someone else just mightFor example ， if yourbaby brother doesn't want his plastic basketball hoop（ 籃筐 ）， why not give it to another family who has a little ki

31、d?Here are some other ways to reuse the things you have：Use rechargeable（ 可再充電的 ） batteries for your laptops ， MP3 players ， cell phones ， and digital camerasChoose reusable travel cups instead of disposable（ 一次性的 ） paper or plastic cups Take your own bags when you go to the grocery store Drink tap

32、water instead of buying bottled water If you don't like how your tap water tastes ，a low-cost filtration（ 過(guò)濾 ） system could make a difference Get a reusable water bottle so you can take it with youOrganize an exchange among your friends What can you exchange? Books，toys ，even clothes It's a

33、way for everyone to get something new without spending any money and without throwing lots of things away根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成句子。1 Green is not only a color but also means 2 If your brother doesn't want his plastic basketball hoop， you can 3 You should instead of disposable paper or plastic cups4 You can ex

34、change with your friends 5 The article mainly tells us 答案：1根據(jù)短文第一段內(nèi)容可知，綠色不僅是一種顏色，還是環(huán)保的一種標(biāo)志，即答案為taking special steps to protect the environment。2根據(jù)短文中“ if your baby brother doesn't want his plastic basketball hoop（籃筐） ，why not give it to another family who has a little kid?”可知，不用的塑料筐可以送給別的小孩子，即答案

35、為 give if to another family who has a little kid 。3根據(jù)短文中第二條建議可知，我們可以用個(gè)人專用杯來(lái)代替一次性杯子或塑料杯，即答案是 choose reusable travel cups。4根據(jù)短文最后一段內(nèi)容可知，可交換的東西有books ， toys ， and clothes 。5 通讀全文可知，這篇文章主要告訴我們，生活中如何環(huán)保，所以答案是how toprotect our environment in our lives。五There are some easy things you can do to protect the e

36、nvironment and the earth Choose ideas from the list or come up with a few of your own Plant flowers ， grass or trees Whenever you visit a park or a beach ， take away what you bring there and keep rubbish in a bag until you can put it into a dustbin Turn off the lights ， TV sets when you leave a room

37、 This saves a lot of electricity Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth You can save some water by notletting it run Also ，use a glass or cup instead of a paper one because this saves paper Keep the doors and windows closed in winter to keep warm air in Give your old books and magazines to a lib

38、rary instead of throwing them away Give your clothes to poor children instead of throwing them away Use both sides of paper Stop pouring dirty water into the rivers or lakes nearby Encourage all your friends to do the same things you do to help protect the earth willIf everyone makes contribution to

39、 protect the environment ， the world become much more beautiful 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。( ) 1 From the above ， we know that the passage is A an adBa proposal( 建議 )C a signD a notice( ) 2 The writer mainly tells us A to pour dirty water into the riversB to throw rubbish into a dustbinC to save water by turning

40、 on the tap while brushing our teethD that we can't do all these things every day( ) 3 We can to save paper A use both sides of paperB pick up waste paper at schoolC use a paper cupD give old toys to poor children( ) 4 Which of the following is WRONG according to the writer?A Turn off the lights

41、 when you leave a roomB Close the doors and windows in winterC Use a paper cup when you brush your teethD Give your old clothes to the poor children( ) 5 The title of this passage is A Save Water and ElectricityB Protect the EarthC Make Better Use of Old ThingsD Save Money答案：1 B 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容可知這是一則倡議書。2 B

42、由“ .you can put it into a dustbin”可知答案。3 A 由第八條建議可知答案是 use both sides of paper。4 C 由第四條建議 use a glass or cup instead of a paper one可知，答案是 C。5 B 根據(jù)短文大意可知是談?wù)摫Ｗo(hù)地球。How many plastic bags do you use every day? Is there any chance for us to livewithout them? Whatcan we do to have less plastic pollution? A

43、performance inHangzhou makes people think more about the overuse of plastic bags in our livesIn front of a supermarket in Hangzhou ， five volunteers wore white plastic bagsand walked around and through the crowd The performance called on people touse more cloth bags instead of plastic onesSome of th

44、e plastic bags worn by the performers were collected from customers( 顧客 ) in two food markets and the others were collected by 700 students from a secondary school On that day ，when leaving the food markets，customers were told to hand overunnecessary plastic shopping bags Several hundred plastic bag

45、s were collected intwo hours "If we do nothing about it， the earth will be eaten up by white pollution Andhumans will become 'plastic men'， " said one of the performers"How can you breathe in so many plastic bags?" A middle-aged woman asked one performer "How can the

46、 earth breathe if there are too many plastic bags?" the performer answered Starting from June last year ， plastic bags were no longer given for free in supermarkets ， shopping malls or food markets all over the country People are called on to use cloth bags when they go shopping根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。(

47、) 1 Since June last year people should plastic bags all over thecountry A pay forBgetC use as many asD stop using( ) 2 A performance took place in A a supermarketB a plastic bag shopCHangzhouD a school( ) 3 Why did the performers wear white plastic bags and walk around? They wanted A to ask people t

48、o overuse plasticsB to invite people to go to the supermarketC to give people more bagsD to persuade people not to use plastic bags( ) 4 If we don't do something against the pollution， humans A will be pollutedB will become "plastic men"C won't be comfortableD will be plastic ones(

49、 ) 5 The main idea of this passage is about pollution A whiteBairC waterD light答案：1A 文章中講到自 2008 年 6 月 1 日起， 為減少白色污染的泛濫而有償使用塑料 袋，而不是禁止使用。2C 根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句 “ A performance in Hangzhou makes people thinkmore about the overuse of plastic bags in our lives”可知，這個(gè)演出活動(dòng)在杭州舉行。3 D 根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句可知他們的目的是號(hào)召人們用布袋代替塑料袋

50、。4 B 根據(jù)笫五段主要介紹如果我們?nèi)祟愒俨蛔鲂┦虑橹浦拱咨廴荆敲吹厍蛴刑鞎?huì)被白色污染所吞噬，那么地球人也會(huì)被污染成 plastic men 。5 A 由短文內(nèi)容可知文章主旨是有關(guān)白色污染的。七"What would you do if you were the mayor（市長(zhǎng) ） of your city?" We asked somestudents from different cities Here are what they said：Deng Chuan ， 15 ，from DazhouWith the development of modern ind

51、ustry（工業(yè) ） ，more and more waste water isbeing poured into the Zhouhe River It has caused serious pollution The river isbecoming so dirty that few living things can live in it So， if I were the mayor， Iwould order all the factories that pour the waste water into the river to close down As we all know

52、 ，water is the source（ 根源 ） of our lives It is very important to protect water Zhang Yan ， 14 ， from ChengduOur city is more and more beautiful But sometimes it's not convenient for the blind There are not enough pavements（ 人行道 ） in our city Some of the old ones arebroken They may not be safe to

53、 walk on! If I were themayor of our city， I would build more pavements for the blindWang Lili ， 16 ，from ChongqingThere are more and more old people in our city And there are not enoughplaces for them to relax and enjoy themselvesSo ，if I were the mayor ，I would buildan activity center in each resid

54、ential（住宅 ） area for the old So old people can play cards or chess This will make old people not feel lonely any more and spend remaining years comfortably 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。( ) 1 What does Deng Chuan care for?A water pollution B Air pollution C Pavements for the blindD Activity centers for the old( ) 2

55、 Who's the youngest of the three students?A Deng Chuan B Zhang Yan CWang Lili D I don't know ( ) 3 What does the underlined word "convenient" mean in Chinese?A方便的B簡(jiǎn)單的C便宜的D 具有吸引力的( ) 4 Where is Wang Lili from?A Dazhou B Chengdu CChongqing D Zhouhe ( ) 5 Which of the following is FAL

56、SE?A It's very important for Dazhou to protect waterB There are enough pavements for the blind in ChengduC There aren't enough places for the old people to relax and enjoy themselves in ChongqingD Some of the old pavements in Chengdu are broken答案：1 A 根據(jù)短文中第一個(gè)學(xué)生的答語(yǔ)可知， more and more waste water is being poured into the Zhouhe River It has caused serious pollution確定答案是 A 。2B 根據(jù)三個(gè)同學(xué)的簡(jiǎn)介可知， Zhang Yan 年齡最小。3 A 根據(jù)上下句的關(guān)系可知，是對(duì)盲人