18版：(江蘇)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣感 悟 高 考 1 . （2016 浙江高考）Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths since their highest in 2005.A. had not fallenB. would not fallC. did not fallD. would not have fallen答案 D 句意：如果各國(guó)政府和科學(xué)家們不一起努力的話，與艾滋病相關(guān)的死 亡就不會(huì)自 2005 年的最高水平降下來。根據(jù) Had the governments and scienti

2、sts not worked together可知事情發(fā)生在過去，因此是對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，主句用would have done形式。故選 D項(xiàng)。2. （2016 浙江高考）Georgetoo far.His coffee is still warm.A. must have goneB. might have goneC. can't have goneD. needn't have gone答案 C 句意：?jiǎn)讨尾豢赡茏哌h(yuǎn)。他的咖啡還是熱的。can't have done表示對(duì)過去否定的推測(cè)，意為 “不可能做了 , ”。 3. （2016 北京高考）1 love the

3、 weekend, because Iget up early on Saturdaysand Sundays.A. needn' tB. mustn'tC. wouldn ' tD. shouldn 't答案 A 句意：我喜歡周末, 因?yàn)槊糠曛芰?、周日我不需要早起?A 項(xiàng)意為“不 需要” ；B項(xiàng)意為“禁止” ；C項(xiàng)意為“不會(huì)” ；D項(xiàng)意為“不應(yīng)該”。根據(jù)句 意可知選 A 項(xiàng)。 4. （2016 北京高考）Why didn ' you tell me about your trouble last week? If you me, I could ha

4、ve helped.A. toldB. had toldC. were to tellD. would tell答案 B 句意：你上周為什么不告訴我你的麻煩。如果你告訴了我,我能夠幫助你。根據(jù)last week可知事情發(fā)生在過去，因此是對(duì)過去情況的虛擬。根據(jù)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞could have done可知，從句應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí) had dona故選B項(xiàng)。5. （2016 天津高考）lt was really annoying； Iget access to the data bank youhad recommended.A. wouldn 'tB. couldn 't C. sh

5、ouldn 't D. needn't答案 B 句意：這真的很讓人惱火，我無法使用你推薦的那個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選could n' “不能夠” 。wouldn' “不愿意” ;should n't “不應(yīng)該”; needn't “ 不必” 。 6. （2016 天津高考）I was weari ng a seatbelt .If I had n' t been Wea_ing oneA. were injuredB. would be injuredC. had been injuredD. would have been injur

6、ed答案 D 根據(jù) “was weari ng a seatbelf' “ If I had n't bee n weari ng one” 可判斷 出，此處是對(duì)與過去事實(shí)相反的情況的虛擬，從句用了過去完成時(shí)，主句應(yīng)用would have don6'結(jié)構(gòu)?？?點(diǎn) 清 單情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)一 can, could與 be able to的用法規(guī)則 ? 表示能力，意為“能，會(huì)”。The man can/couldspeak two foreign languages.那個(gè)人能說兩門外語(yǔ)。Yesterday Iwas able toget home before the heavy

7、 rain.昨天我在下大雨前趕到了家里。規(guī)則？ can /could表示驚訝，常用在否定句和疑問句中。How can you be so careless while driving?你開車時(shí)怎么這么粗心呢？規(guī)則？ can /could表示禮貌地請(qǐng)求別人做某事，意為“能，可以”。Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?Yes， of course youcan.明天早晨我用一下你的自行車，行嗎？ 當(dāng)然可以?？键c(diǎn)二 may與 might的用法 規(guī)則 ? 表示請(qǐng)求、允許時(shí)， might 比 may 的語(yǔ)氣更委婉一些，否定回答時(shí)要用 mustn '，表示

8、“不可以”“禁止”“阻止”之意。May I play basketball this afternoon?No， you mustn'.t今天下午我可以打籃球嗎？不，不行。規(guī)則？“ may/might as well +動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好，倒不如”，may/might well動(dòng)詞原形，意為“很可能”。If you think the price of beef is too high， you might as wellbuy some pork.It depends on you.如果你認(rèn)為牛肉太貴的話，你不妨買些豬肉。你自己決定?？键c(diǎn)三 must 的用法規(guī)則 ? must 用于

9、否定句，表示“禁止”，表示說話者的命令或指令，語(yǔ)氣比較 強(qiáng)烈。That car is my property；you mustn' use it without my permission.那輛車是我的財(cái)產(chǎn)，你必須得到我的允許才能使用。規(guī)則？ must表示必要性，意為“必須”。The children must be back by 4 o ' clock.孩子們必須在 4 點(diǎn)鐘以前回來。規(guī)則？ must表示偏執(zhí)、固執(zhí)，意為“非得，偏要”。If you must go， at least wait until the storm is over.如果你非要走的話，至少等到暴風(fēng)雨

10、結(jié)束?？键c(diǎn)四 will 與 would 的用法規(guī)則 ? 表示請(qǐng)求、建議等， would 比 will 委婉客氣。Would you mind opening the window for me?請(qǐng)你給我打開窗戶好嗎？規(guī)則 ? will 和 would 表示意志、愿望和決心。Why didn ' t you come to Simon' s party last night?I wanted to， but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.為什么你昨天晚上沒來參加西蒙的聚會(huì)？我想去參加，但只是我媽媽不愿意讓我

11、那么晚出去 規(guī)則 ? will 可以表示一種習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，有“總是”或“總要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 每天早晨，他總是沿著小河散步?？键c(diǎn)五 shall, should與ought to的用法規(guī)則 ? shall 用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對(duì)方的意見和向?qū)?方請(qǐng)示。Shall we put off the sports meet till next month? 我們能否將運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲到下個(gè)月？ 規(guī)則? shall 用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、 允諾或威脅。It ha

12、s been announced that candidatesshall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.已宣布，在所有試卷收上來之前，應(yīng)試者必須留在自己的座位上。 規(guī)則？ should表示義務(wù)、職責(zé)等，意為“應(yīng)該”。You shouldbe strict with yourself as an officer. 作為一名官員，你應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格要求自己。規(guī)則？ ought to表示應(yīng)該。You ought not tobe late for such an important meeting. 這么重要的

13、會(huì)議你不應(yīng)該遲到的。規(guī)則 ? shall 還可表示法律、規(guī)定和條例中規(guī)定的“應(yīng)該”。Whoever drives through a red light shall be fined at least 200 yuan.不論誰(shuí)駕車闖紅 燈，罰款至少 200 元。考點(diǎn)六 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法規(guī)則？ can用于肯定句中表示客觀的可能性，意為“有時(shí)會(huì)”；用于疑問句中可 以表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”，有時(shí)表示一種驚訝的語(yǔ)氣；用于否定句中也可以表 示推測(cè)，can'意為“不可能”，語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)烈。On such a rainy day， accidentscan happen. 在這樣的下雨天，有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生

14、事故。He can' htave left.His coat is here. 他不可能已經(jīng)走了。他的外套還在這里。Mr Bush is on time for everyth ng.How can it be that he was late for the meet in g?布 什先生做什么事情都很準(zhǔn)時(shí)。他怎么可能開會(huì)遲到呢？規(guī)則？ may/might用于肯定句中可以用來表示不十分肯定的推測(cè)，意為“有可 能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推測(cè)，may not意為“可能不”，表示一種不太確 定的語(yǔ)氣。What are you doing this Saturday?I ' m n

15、ot surebut I might go to the Rolli ng Stones con cert.本周六你打算干什么？還說不定，但我可能會(huì)去滾石音樂會(huì)。規(guī)則？ must表示推測(cè)時(shí)只能用于肯定句中，意為“一定，必定”，表示十分肯 定的語(yǔ)氣(在疑問句中或否定句中要用can /could)。Has Peter started ou? He said hewould go hiking with us.He must have started.He is a man of his word.Peter已經(jīng)出發(fā)了嗎？他說他會(huì)與我們一起去遠(yuǎn)足。肯定已出發(fā)了。他是一個(gè)信守諾言的人。規(guī)則？ shou

16、ld用來表示推測(cè)時(shí)意為“應(yīng)該”，即含有“按道理來說應(yīng)當(dāng)如此”的 意思。She promised to come by 10 o.Sheshould/oughtto be here at any mome nt.她答應(yīng)10點(diǎn)之前來的。她隨時(shí)都可能來到。考點(diǎn)七 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have donG'的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done用法must have done一疋做過某事，其否疋形式為can t/couldntdonecan /could have done(1) 本來能夠做但卻未做(2) 可能做過某事can' t/couldn ' t have done不可能做過某事m

17、ay/might have done或許/可能做過某事should/ought to have done本該做但卻未做，其否定形式表示本不該做但卻做了needn' t have done做了本沒有必要做的事情It must have rainedlast night, for the road was quite wet昨晚肯定下雨了，因?yàn)槁?面十分潮濕。You needn' t have taken taxi here, for it was near my home.你本來不必打車來這里的，因?yàn)檫@里離我家很近。虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)一 if條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣if條件從句從句的謂語(yǔ)形式

18、主句的謂語(yǔ)形式表示現(xiàn)在情況動(dòng)詞過去式（be的過去式用were）should/would/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形表示過去情況had+過去分詞should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞表示將來情況should+動(dòng)詞原形should/would/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞過去式were to+動(dòng)詞原形If I were you， I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我會(huì)帶把傘。If I saw/should see/were to seem tomorrow， I would invite him home.如果明天見到

19、他，我會(huì)邀請(qǐng)他到我家?？键c(diǎn)二 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣和含蓄條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣規(guī)則？當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。If we had booked a table earlie，we wouldn' t be standinhpre in a queue如果我們 早一點(diǎn)訂一張桌子，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)站在這里排隊(duì)了。規(guī)則？有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示， 而是由otherwise, but, or, without， but for等來引導(dǎo)或者通過上下文引出。Without your hel

20、p, I wouldn' t have succeededyway.=If you hadn ' t helped,mIewouldn ' t have succeeded anyv沒有你的幫助，我無論如何也不會(huì)成功?？键c(diǎn)三 名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣規(guī)則？用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中常見的動(dòng)詞有：dema nd, order，require，in sist, sugges，propose, advise, request, urge, comma nd, prefer, desire, recomme nd等。賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“ should+動(dòng)

21、詞原形”，should可以省略。一主帳二命令/rq rom ma n d三建址zHu 號(hào)月匕客 Hi<l v ii四要求/外加一個(gè)做促urgeThey in sisted that the boy S houiq go with them.他們堅(jiān)決要求那個(gè)小男孩跟他們一起去。規(guī)則？用于主語(yǔ)從句中在 It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/ a pity/essentia+ that從句中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“ should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可 以省略。It is

22、 suggested that the meeting Should） be put off till next week.人們建議會(huì)議推遲到下周。規(guī)則？用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中在 suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其構(gòu)成是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。My idea is that we （should* think it over before accept ing it.我的意見是在接受之前我們要反復(fù)考慮。Your suggesti on th

23、at the door S hould） be shut whe n we leave is reason able爾的那個(gè) 當(dāng)我們離開的時(shí)候應(yīng)該關(guān)上門的建議是合理的?？键c(diǎn)四 wish賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣規(guī)則？ 對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：wish +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式（be用were）I wish （that） I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.但愿我是一只小鳥，能在天 空自由飛翔。規(guī)則？ 對(duì)過去情況的虛擬：wish +主語(yǔ)+ had+過去分詞I wish you had cometo the lecture. 但愿你當(dāng)時(shí)來聽報(bào)告了。規(guī)則？ 對(duì)將

24、來情況的虛擬：wish +主語(yǔ)+ would/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形We wish we would live on the moon one day. 但愿我們有一天能住在月球上?？键c(diǎn)五 其他句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 規(guī)則 ? would rather 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示愿望，意為“寧愿；但愿”。用一般 過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反；用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反。When my father is upse，he would rather weleft him alone當(dāng)我的父親煩惱的時(shí)候， 他更喜歡我們不打擾他。規(guī)則？ 在“ It is (about/high) time +

25、that從句”中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過去式或“ should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，注意 should不可省略。It 's high time that wdevotedourselves to environmental protection. 是我們致力于環(huán)境保護(hù)的時(shí)候了。規(guī)則？ as if, as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過去時(shí)；與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時(shí)。It seems as though itwere spring already.看起來好像已經(jīng)是春天了一樣。規(guī)則? if only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示愿望。Look

26、 at the trouble we ' re in.If chadwaken our teacher ' s adV看看我們所處 的困境，要是我們接受老師的建議就好了！解 題 策 略1句型提示法 虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以用在狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句中，在不同的從句中，虛擬 語(yǔ)氣用不同的動(dòng)詞形式來體現(xiàn)，如： if 非真實(shí)條件句 (分三種情形 )， wish 后的賓 語(yǔ)從句， It is time that.的定語(yǔ)從句等。所以，掌握了各類從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞 形式，就基本上掌握了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。If we the other road， we might have arrived he

27、re in time for the meeting.A takeBhad takenCtookD have taken答案 B 句意：如果我們走另一條路的話，我們或許能夠及時(shí)到達(dá)這里參加這 次會(huì)議了。根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 might have arrived 可以推出，本句是與過去事實(shí) 相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，所以 if 條件句中應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。 2特定詞匯暗示法英語(yǔ)中某些短語(yǔ)如： If it were not for/had not been for, but for., if only., without 等， 往往要采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，它們對(duì)于解答試題有很大的幫助，掌握了這些要點(diǎn)知識(shí)， 做起題來也就

28、很容易了。Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don' t think we it without you.A can manageB could have managedCcould manageD can have managed答案 B could have done表示“本能夠做某事（但沒做）”。針 對(duì) 訓(xùn) 練I .單項(xiàng)填空1What's your feelingonw?I am terribly sorry.If only I here yesterday!AcameBwould have comeChave co

29、meD had come答案 D if only “要是,就好了”，從時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday來看，這是對(duì)過去所發(fā)生事情的虛擬，所以用過去完成時(shí)。 2Johnson， come and look at the se！a It is beautiful， isn 't it? Absolutely！If only I here by the sea.AlivedBliveChad livedDwill live答案 A 由語(yǔ)境可知， if only 后的情形是與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，此時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用過去時(shí)。 3If passers-by a blind eye to the injured

30、 little Yueyue in Foshan，Guangdong， she alive now.A didn 't tu；rnwould beBhadn' t turne；d would beCdidn ' t tu；rnwould have beenDhadn' t turne；d would have been答案 D 由常識(shí)可知，小悅悅事件已是過去的事情，所以這是對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情的虛擬，所以從句用過去完成時(shí)，即had done主句用would have dona 4It 'esverybody 'dsesire that every e

31、ffort to reduce the pollution in ourhometown.A was madeBbe madeCwill be madeDwould be made答案 B desire后的賓語(yǔ)從句及所在句子中的名詞性從句，均應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，虛擬形式為“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，其中should可省略，故選B項(xiàng)。5They must have enjoyed themselves ther，eotherwise they so long.Acan't have stayedBwouldn 't have stayedCcan't stayDwouldn&

32、#39;t stay答案 B 由must have enjoyec可知，otherwise后的情況是與過去的事實(shí)相反的， 故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用 would have done。 6 more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet game，sIwould be sitting in a comfortable office now.AIf I devotedBHad I devotedCWould I be devotedDShould I be devoted答案 B 此處從句用過去完成時(shí)，表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，如果省略

33、if 要用倒 裝句；主句用“would +動(dòng)詞原形”的形式，表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反。7Grace doesn 't want to move to New York because she thinks if she t h e re,she wouldn 't be ablesetoe her parents very often.AlivesBwould liveChaving askedDwere to live答案 D 這是將來時(shí)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣， 從句可用三種形式 lived， should live， were tolive，所以選D。8Lost our way in th

34、at small village, otherwise we more places of interestyesterday.A visitedBhad visitedCwould visitD would have visited答案 D 從時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday知道是對(duì)過去的虛擬，前半句是個(gè)過去的客觀事 實(shí)“我們?cè)谀莻€(gè)小山村迷路”，otherwise后半句是用對(duì)過去的虛擬 would have done, 答案為 D 項(xiàng)。 9Sorry, I am too busy now. If I time, I would certainly go for an outingwith you.

35、Ahave hadBhad hadChaveDhad答案 D 根據(jù)上下文可知，本句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬， if 從句用過去式，主句用would +原形。10Happy birthday!Thank you! It's the best present I for.Ashould have wishedBmust have wishedCmay have wishedDcould have wished答案 D A 項(xiàng)意為 “本應(yīng)該期望而實(shí)際上并非如此 ”；B 項(xiàng)意為“一定希望 ”；C 項(xiàng)意為“也許希望” ；D 項(xiàng)意為“可能希望” 。句意：生日快樂！ 謝 謝你！這是我所能期望的最好的禮物了

36、。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)選 D 項(xiàng)。 11Don't handle the vase as if it made of steel.AisBwereChas beenDhad been答案 B as if 從句中，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬用 were。 12Jack is a great talker.It h i'g hs t ime that he something instead of justtalking.Awill doBhas doneCdoDdid答案 D 在句型It 'high/very time that.中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 did或should do,所以選D項(xiàng)。13. If my carmore reliable, I would have drive n to Lhasa in stead of flyi nglast summer.A . wasB. had beenC. should beD. would be答案 B 根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可知題干是表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had done,選B。14. Had they known what was coming next theysecond thoughts.A . may