托福綜合寫作__技巧完全版1ppt課件

1、綜合寫作綜合寫作技巧展示技巧展示v本課內(nèi)容本課內(nèi)容NOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHESIZINGSYNTHESIZING31. NOTE-TAKING: “雙欄式雙欄式” 筆記法：筆記法： 2- column way T: R: L: v講義第12頁， 第3題 演示v 先畫好“雙欄”v 注意閱讀信息筆記字?jǐn)?shù)不超過15字v 讀閱讀每一段的 Main point 和 detail/reasonvT：privatized spaceflight industryv R: benefits L: v閱讀筆記：v聽力筆記vT：school uniform

2、v R: stress L: v閱讀筆記：2. SUMMARIZINGNOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHESIZINGSYNTHESIZING3vSUMMARIZINGv 1. eliminate unnecessary v informationv 2. Combine into a sentence.v 因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系vBecausev展示 SUMMARIZING v通過題目 SCHOOL UNIFORMv PRIVATE SPACE TRAVELv閱讀筆記：v展示 SUMMARIZING v通過 例題 SCHOOL UNIFORM v 共

3、6句話v1. If all students wear the same style of uniform, clothing cost will be less. 閱讀第1v School uniform is expensive/ pricy, and students who wear uniform will buy trendy after-school clothes. 聽力第1v2. With everyone wearing the same uniform, students will not be concerned about whether they are weari

4、ng the fashionably-correct clothes. 閱讀第2v v Being made to wear a school uniform makes many students feel more self- conscious, because they can present themselves in a way of making them comfortable. 聽力第2v3. Unity in clothing can eliminate discrimination , so teasing and bullying of some students by

5、 others will be significantly reduced. 閱讀第3 v It is impossible to eliminate teasing and bullying because they are in that particular stage, also they can pick on other things like music and backpacks. 聽力第33. SYNTHESIZINGNOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHESIZINGSYNTHESIZING3vSYNTHESIZING v把把 S

6、UMMARIZING的的6句話整理成句話整理成3大段，形成大段，形成 BODY PARTvConnect the information from both sourcesAccording to the lecture,_; this contradicts the points in the reading that_.The professor argues that_. This is different from the reading, which states that_.The teacher says that_. However, this is not what the

7、reading states; it says that_.Contrary to the belief in the passage that_, the professor asserts that_.The author of the passage points out that_, while the lecture notes that_.According to the reading, _. The passages point is different from the professor, which states that_. v展示 SYNTHESIZING v通過例題

8、： PRIVATE SPACE FLIGHTv閱讀筆記：v聽力筆記v1. According to the lecture, the costs of creating and running traffic control system, and of testing new space ship will make space flight expensive. This contradicts the points made in the reading that competition in the private space flight industry quickly reduc

9、e costs.v2. The professor asserts that private space travel is likely to prevent or even delay scientific innovations by luring top scientists away from serious researches to commercial projects. Contrary to what the belief in the passage that privatization of space flight will speed up by increasin

10、g the number of scientists working in the area of spaceflight.v3. The lecture notes that the taxpaying public will end up subsidizing space station, and so on, because the private invest (customers) can not cover the cost. While the author of the passage points out that the costs paid by customers o

11、f private space flight industry will significantly reduce the financial burden on public. NOTE-TAKINGNOTE-TAKING12SUMMARIZING SYNTHESIZINGSYNTHESIZING3vT：charitable givingv R: decline L: v閱讀筆記：v聽力筆記v2-min drillv寫出BODY PART 的第一段：2個句子：v閱讀一句話+聽力一句話v1. The teacher says that charitable giving will rise i

12、n the future, as the growing costs of public services from increasing elderly and retired people create need for private funding. This is not what the reading states, it is said that charitable giving will decline substantially, because government can cover most of charity.v2. The talk says that the

13、 mismanagement in charities has been reformed, by forcing the corrupted managers to resign, which gives donors more confidence. In the reading, however, it is argued that disclosures of mismanagement of the charity will lead to a permanent decline in charitable giving.v3. According to the lecture, p

14、eople are learning how to avoid fraudulent giving in charities by receiving documents before donation, by turning down donation via telephone. The professors point is different from the reading. The reading states that people are unwilling to donate due to the charity fraud.科學(xué)性文章科學(xué)性文章 READING: 設(shè)想設(shè)想

15、LISTENING 反反 1 事實，事實， 解釋解釋 駁：解釋駁：解釋 2 事實，事實， 解釋解釋 3事實，事實， 解釋解釋 vT: Easter Island culture decline R: invasion vL: internal causes v v T: Easter Island culture decline R: invasion L: internal causes v 1. The teacher says that the deforestation of Easter Island is the most plausibly explained by over l

16、ogging by the native population who use the logs to transport the giant statues. This is not what the reading states, it is said that Easter Island was deforested by invaders who were unconcerned about natural resources.v3. According to the lecture, It is likely that Easter Islanders adopted a new r

17、eligion because they lost faith in their old gods. The professors point is different from the reading, adopting a new religion called Birdman Worship of Easter Island was introduced by a foreign invasion.2.The talk says that the making of giant statues stopped because economic difficulties (the lack

18、 of fish to eat) left islanders without any energy to make them, and also it because there were no logs to transport them. In the reading, however, it is argued that this traditional culture practice of Easter Island was destructed by invasion.v劃去BODY PARTv只看開頭段 v v模板開頭段：開頭段：In the lecture, the prof

19、essor made several points about_. The professor argues that_. However, the reading contends that_. The lecture contradicts the reading regarding several points vFirstly, the lecturer points out that_ which differs from the reading in that the reading states_. The professor proves his idea with an ex

20、ample/ a reason that _. The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading.vSecondly, contrary to the belief in the passage that_, the professor claims that _ by showing that_. The point undermines the claim made in the reading. vFinally, the professor states that _. This is contrary to the

21、claim that _. Also the professor exemplifies his/her opinion by showing that_. This directly challenges what the reading passage indicates.vIn conclusion, the points made in the lecture contrast with the reading.1. NOTE-TAKING: “雙欄式雙欄式” 筆記法：筆記法： 2- column way T: R: L: vOG p282vIntroduction Paragraph

22、vThe topic for the lecture and the reading passage is _. The professor argues that_ _while the reading contends that_ _ _ _. The lecture contradicts the reading regarding several points.altruismpeople and animals actually benefit from so-called altruism actsaltruism is a kind of unselfish behavior w

23、hich is quite common among people and animalsvFirstly, the lecturer points out that_ which differs from the reading in that the reading states_. In other words, _. The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading.sentinel meerkats actually eat before the other meerkatsthey go without food

24、to stand guardsentinel meerkats have a full stomach as they work according to recent studiesvSecondly, contrary to the belief in the passage that _ _, the professor claims that _ _ _ by showing that _ _. The point undermines the claim made in the reading.sentinel meerkats place themselves in danger