（整理版高中英語）名詞考點(diǎn)典型陷阱題分析

1、名詞考點(diǎn)典型陷阱題分析1. i found her sitting in the corner, reading _ newspaper, with _ in her eyes.a. a, tearb. a piece of, tearsc. a, tearsd. a piece of, tear【陷阱】誤選d，許多學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為，既然news(消息)和 paper(紙)均為不可數(shù)名詞，那么newspaper(報(bào)紙)也應(yīng)是不可數(shù)的；同時(shí)認(rèn)為“眼淚即“淚水，“水不可數(shù)，“淚水和“眼淚也應(yīng)該不可數(shù)?！痉治觥孔钫_答案為c。newspaper和 tear均為可數(shù)名詞，它們不僅可以連用不定冠詞、可以用

2、復(fù)數(shù)，而且還可以連用數(shù)詞。her eyes filled with tears. 她熱淚盈眶。she dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼淚。the newspapers were full of lies. 報(bào)紙上一片謊話。a newspaper is a publication. 報(bào)紙是一種出版物。順便說一句，假設(shè)不是將 newspaper 當(dāng)作是供閱讀或傳遞信息的一種東西，而只是把它當(dāng)成一種“紙來看待，也可用作不可數(shù)名詞，如：wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用張報(bào)紙包起來。2. her fat

3、her works as a _ in a hotel and her mother a _ in a private company. a. cooker, typewriterb. cook, typistc. cooker, typistd. cook, typewriter【陷阱】誤選a，許多同學(xué)想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為：cook 用作動(dòng)詞，表示“煮飯，所以 cooker 應(yīng)是其相應(yīng)的名詞，表示“煮飯的人，即“廚師；type 用作動(dòng)詞，表示“打字，所以 typewriter 應(yīng)表示“打字員?！痉治觥慷聦?shí)是：cook=廚師，cooker=炊具；typist=打字員，typewriter=打字機(jī)。即

4、此題正確答案為b。3. “why couldnt they meet us at five oclock? “because they were delayed by _.a. heavy trafficb. heavy trafficsc. crowded trafficd. crowded traffics【陷阱】b、c、d三項(xiàng)均容易誤選?！痉治觥繉?duì)于此題，首先要明確traffic為不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，故排除b和d。另外，漢語習(xí)慣說“交通擁擠，而英語習(xí)慣上卻不能用crowded 來修飾 traffic，要表示漢語的“交通擁擠，英語通常說heavy traffic，即選a。如下面一題也

5、是選a：she is not a competent driver and cant cope with driving in _.a. heavy trafficb. heavy trafficsc. crowded trafficd. crowded traffics4. in fact, _ one cause that leads to the problem. a. cattle isb. cattle arec. cattles ared. the cattles are【陷阱】此題容易誤選a，想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為cattle是單數(shù)，并且空格有表單數(shù)的one，自然謂語動(dòng)詞用is?！鞠葳濉科?/p>

6、實(shí)，正確答案為b。cattle(牲畜，牛)為集合名詞，盡管它不帶復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，卻永遠(yuǎn)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，假設(shè)用作主語，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)。又如：for this many cattle were killed. 為此宰了不少牲畜。the prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一樣被趕到一起。類似地，police(警察)，people(人)，police(警察)，poultry(家禽)等也具有同樣用法，即只有單數(shù)形式，但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義；用作主語時(shí)謂語通常也用復(fù)數(shù)；不與 a(n) 連用，但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。如：the poultry have be

7、en fed. 家禽已經(jīng)喂過飼料了。in britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英國警察通常不帶槍。it annoys me when people forget to say “thank you. 遇到有人忘記道謝的時(shí)候，我就不痛快。5. by all _, you must try every _ to help him.a. mean, meanb. means, meansc. means, meand. mean, means【陷阱】誤選c，認(rèn)為第一空前有all修飾，故用means，而第二空前有every修飾，故用mean?！痉治觥科?/p>

8、實(shí)，means是一個(gè)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，并且永遠(yuǎn)帶有尾-s。換句話說，在表示“方式、“方法時(shí)，不存在mean這一形式(mean主要用作動(dòng)詞，表示“意思是；也可用作名詞，表示“中間、“中庸)。此題正確答案為c，by all means為習(xí)語，意為“一定、“盡一切方法。順便說一句，means用作主語時(shí)，其謂語的數(shù)需根據(jù)句意來確定。比擬：all possible means have been tried. 所有可能的方法都已經(jīng)試過了。every possible means has been tried. 每種可能的方法都已經(jīng)試過了。假設(shè)句意不能明確地說明主語的單復(fù)數(shù)，其謂語那么用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可。如

9、：is are there any other means of getting more money? 還有其他什么方法可弄到更多錢嗎?6. jim is _ person, and everyone is willing to be _ with him.a. so kind a, friendsb. so a kind, friends c. so kind a, friendd. so a kind, friend【陷阱】誤選c或d。認(rèn)為 friend要用單數(shù)?！痉治觥科鋵?shí)此題最正確答案為a。so kind a person相當(dāng)于such a kind person，注意兩者中冠詞的位

10、置不同。be friends with是習(xí)語，意為“與友好、“跟做朋友，與之同義的類似地還有make friends with。值得說明的是，這類短語中的名詞總是用復(fù)數(shù)，即使句子主語為單數(shù)也是如此。如：he is friends with me. 他與我是朋友。he has made friends with everyone here. 他與這兒的每個(gè)人交上了朋友。7. we already have _ pencils, but we need two _ pens.a. dozen of, dozenb. dozens of, dozens c. dozens of, dozend. d

11、ozens of, dozen of【陷阱】誤選 b?！痉治觥看祟}最正確答案為c。關(guān)于dozen的復(fù)數(shù)是否加詞尾-s的問題比擬復(fù)雜，大致原那么是：(1) 當(dāng)它與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí)，既不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，也不后接介詞of。盡管有的詞書也有 two dozen of 這樣的用例，但這已屬過時(shí)用法，在考試中應(yīng)防止，如1992年全國高考有一道單項(xiàng)選擇題就認(rèn)為two dozen of為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)：shortly after the accident, _ police were sent to the spot to keep order. a. dozens ofb. dozensc. dozen ofd.

12、dozend(2) 當(dāng)它不與具體數(shù)字連用，而是表示不確定的泛指數(shù)時(shí)，那么不僅要加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，而且要后接介詞 of，此時(shí)可將dozens of(許多，幾十)視為習(xí)語。如：ive been there dozens of times. 我去過那兒幾十次。shes got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。下面一例中的dozens加了復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s也屬為似情況：pack them in dozens. 按打裝袋吧。 (3) 當(dāng)與 a few, several 等數(shù)目不很具體的詞連用時(shí)，加不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s均可，但需注意：不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s時(shí)，其后的介詞of可以省略；加詞尾-s

13、時(shí)，其后介詞 of不能省略。如：several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of pencils幾打鉛筆注：英語較少使用many dozen的說法，要表示類似意思可用dozens of。(4) 當(dāng)它后面的名詞受 the, these, those 等特指限定詞修飾時(shí)，或其后的接的是us, them這樣的人稱代詞時(shí)，那么此時(shí)必須用介詞 of。如：two dozen of these eggs 兩打這種雞蛋three dozen of them 它們中的3打注：score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上類似用法。8. sh

14、e raised her finger to her lips as _ for silence. a. an ideab. a markc. a signd. a word【陷阱】容易誤選b。【分析】應(yīng)選c，sign與mark的區(qū)別是：sign 的意思是“跡象、“征兆gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc(用手或頭等做出示意動(dòng)作以傳遞信息或命令等)，mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure, line

15、 etc made as signor an indication of sth(書寫與印刷的符號(hào)或圖、線等記號(hào))。根據(jù)此二詞的語義區(qū)別以及常識(shí)可知答案為c。類似地，下面兩題的答案也是c：(1) those black clouds are a sure _ that its going to rain. a. thingb. markc. signd. one(2) just as a famous chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a _ of good harvest next year.a. markb. trackc. signd

16、. appearance但是，下面一題卻不能選sign，也不能選mark，而選symbol(象征)：the lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _ of courage and power. a. exampleb. signc. markd. symbol順便說一句，在近幾年的高考中像這類結(jié)合詞義區(qū)別以及語境和生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行考查的試題經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，同學(xué)們需引起注意。9. “may i take your order now? “wed like three black _ and two green _.a. coffee

17、, cups of teasb. coffees, teasc. cups of coffee, tead. cup of coffees, teas【陷阱】誤選c，認(rèn)為coffee和tea均為不可數(shù)名詞，不能后加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，從而排除選項(xiàng)a、b、d?！痉治觥窟xb。有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為 coffee 和tea是物質(zhì)名詞，不可數(shù)，不能用 three coffees, two teas 這樣的表達(dá)。其實(shí)，coffee既可用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“咖啡這種物質(zhì)，也可用作可數(shù)名詞，表示“一杯咖啡，即在口語中 three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee。同樣，“三杯茶既可說成 th

18、ree cups of tea，也可說成 three teas；“三杯啤酒既可說成 three glasses of beer，也可說成 three beers。10. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.a. walkb. walkingc. the walkd. to walk【陷阱】容易誤選a或d。【分析】最正確答案為b。分析如下：(1) 首先，選項(xiàng)d不如選項(xiàng)b佳，因?yàn)椋欢ㄊ酵ǔ１硎咎囟ǖ膭?dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞才表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。(2) 盡管walk用作名詞時(shí)可以表示“散步，但它是可數(shù)名詞，指的是一次一次的具體的散步，而不表示抽象意義或泛指意義的“散步，要表示此義，要用動(dòng)名詞 walking。比擬：how about going for a walk? 出去散散步如何?walking does good to your health. 散步對(duì)你的健康有益。類似地，dance 和 dancing 以及 swim 和 swimming 的區(qū)別也是一樣：(1) 名詞的 d