高中英語(yǔ)必修五全冊(cè)課文內(nèi)容【最新】

1、Unit 1 Great scientistsJOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA ”John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day

2、. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories th

3、at possibly explained how cholera killed people.Thefirst suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly a

4、ttacked the body and soon the affected person died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was readyto begin his enquiry.As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information.In

5、 two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him avaluable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths wer

6、e near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the p

7、ub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemedthat the water was to blame.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immed

8、iately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other d

9、eaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the waterfrom the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able t

10、o announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the watersupplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally“King Cholera ”was defeated.COPE

11、RNICUS REVOLUTIONARY THEORYNicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the o

12、ther planets inthe sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerfulChristian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The pro

13、blem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.Copern

14、icus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them, but onlyhis new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he workedon it, gradually improving his theory until he

15、felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privatelyto his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going roundit and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spin

16、ning as it went round the sun and this explainedchanges in the movement ofthe planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published i

17、t as he lay dying in 1543.Certainlyhe was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it wasagainst Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicustheory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Chris

18、tian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviouslywrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Unit 2 The

19、 United Kingdom PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now

20、 then people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland inthe seventeenth centuryand the name was changed to“ GreatBritain”Ha. ppilythiswasaccomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Walesas well. Finallyt

21、he English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwillingand broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland

22、to become the United Kingdom and this was shown tothe world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To theircredit the fourcountries do worktogether in some areas (eg, the currencyand international relations), but they still have very different educational and legal systems as well as different football

23、 teams for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. Y

24、ou find most of the populationsettled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although,nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial

25、 cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historicaltreasure of all is London withits museums, art collections

26、,theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons,left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influencedthe vocabulary

27、 andplace-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.Ifyou look around the British countryside you willfind evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable

28、and worthwhile.SIGHTSEEING IN LONDONWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained standing

29、for one thousand years.Althoughthe buildingshad expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prisoncombined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen s jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-olduniformof the time

30、ofQueen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul Csathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the ab

31、bey,Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the dayby looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen s house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock tha

32、t sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the worldand is very useful for navigation.Itpasses through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.The last day she visitedKa

33、rl Marx s statue in Highgate CemeteryI.t seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but hehad worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another bui

34、lding and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.The next day Pingy

35、u was leaving London for Windsor Castle.“ Perhaps I will see the Queen?”She wondered as she fell asleep.Unit 3 Life in the future FIRST IMPRESSIONSSpacemail: liqiang299AGreatAdventureSpaceS15/11/3008(Earthtime) Dear Mum and Dad,I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last ye

36、ar. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from“time lag ”. This is similar to the“jet lag ”you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period

37、. So I was very nervousand uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well-knownfortheir expertise, his parents company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can st

38、ill remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and weclimbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes

39、later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?Atfirst my new surroundings were difficultto tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my

40、head ached. Just as Itried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared.“Put on thismask,”he advised. “It ll make you feel much better. ”He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on

41、 my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lo

42、st sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a “time lag ”flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had

43、been transported into the future of what was still my hometown! Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.Arrivingat a strange-lookinghouse, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting. Suddenly the wall movedit was made of trees

44、! I foundlater that theirleaves providedthe room withmuch-needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. “Why not sit down and eat a little?”he said. “You may find this difficult as it is your first time trav

45、el trip. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today. Tomorrow youll be ready for some visits. ”Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed andfell fast aslee

46、p.More news later from your loving son, Li QiangUnit 4Making the newsMY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT“Unforgettable ”, says new journalistNeverwillZhao Yang (ZY)forget his firstassignment at the officeofa popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his

47、 life as a journalist.HX: Welcome.Were delighted youre coming to work withus. Your first job here willbe an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately?HX: (laughing) Thats admirable, but I m afraid it would be unusual! Wait till youre more experienced. Fi

48、rst we ll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY: Wonderful. What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.HX: No need for a camera. You ll have a professional photographer with you to take photograp

49、hs.Youll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you re interested.ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.HX: Good.ZY: what do I need to remember when I go

50、 out to cover a story?HX:You need to be curious. Only if you ask many differentquestions willyou acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good“nose”for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to

51、 discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of thestory.ZY: What should I keep in mind?HX: Here comes my dos and don ts: dont miss your deadline, don t be rude, don t talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY: Why is listening so impor

52、tant?HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?HX: That is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight.

53、 It s also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.ZY: I see! Have your ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A footballer was accuse

54、d of takingmoney for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were skeptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him. When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer

55、s body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an articlesuggesting he was guilty.It was a dilemma because the footballercould have demandeddamages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.ZY: Wow! That was a real“scoop”. I m looking forward

56、to my first assignment now. PerhapsI ll get a scoop too!HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.Unit 4 GETTING THE“SCOOP”“Quick, ”said the editor. “Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop.”Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after a

57、n interview with a famous filmstar. “Did he really do that?”asked someone from the International News Department. “Yes, Im afraid he did, ”Zhou Yang answered. He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the manhad been lying, Zhou Yang kn

58、ew he must not began to accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked th