初中英語主謂一致精講及精練.doc

1、初中英語主謂一致精講及精練.doc 一、主謂一致三原則 主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。 1. 語法一致原則：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： tom is a good student. 湯姆是個好學生。 they often play football on the playground. 他們經(jīng)常在操場上踢足球。 2. 意義一致：指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： my f

2、amily are having lunch now. 我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。 twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 這本書 20 美元太貴了。 3. 就近一致：指謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。例如： not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學生也喜歡踢足球。 there is a pen and some books on the desk. 課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。 二、 主謂一致?？碱}型

3、 1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： the desk is toms. 這張桌子是湯姆的。 some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 the students are playing football on the playground.這些學生正在操場上踢足球。 2. many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為"許多'，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。例如： many a student has been to shanghai. 許多學生到過上海。 3. more than one

4、+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。例如： more than one student has ever been to beijing. 不止一個學生曾經(jīng)去過北京。 4. 表示時間，價格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如： two months is a long holiday. 兩個月是一個長假。 tweney pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0 英鎊并不太重。 ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很長的距離。 five minus four is one. 5 減 4

5、 等于 1。 5. 主語是 each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。 every man and every woman is at work. 每個男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： one and a half hours is enough. 一個半小時足夠了。 7. 動詞不定式，動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： to see is to belie

6、ve 眼見為實。 doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： a student or two has failed the exam. 一兩個學生考試不及格。 9. 當主語部分含有 with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like 等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： mike with his father has been to england. 邁克同

7、他的父親去過英格蘭。 mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。 10. 由 and 連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但 and 所連接的并列主語是同一個人，事物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物。例如： the writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個人) the writer and the teache

8、r are coming. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個人) 11. people,police 等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個具體成員時，謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： people here are very friendly. 這兒的人很友好。 his family isnt large. 他家的人不多。 my family all like watching tv. 我們一家人都喜歡看電視。12. 不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybod

9、y,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，例如： is everyone here today. 今天大家到齊了嗎？ something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 nobody was in. 沒有人在家。 13. each,either,neither,another,the other 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： each of them has an english dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英語詞典。 neither answer is

10、correct. 兩個答案都不正確。 14. 以 s 結(jié) 尾 的 名 詞 本 身 不 表 示 復(fù) 數(shù) 意 義 ， 謂 語 通 常 用 單 數(shù) 形 式 ， 如news,maths,physics 等，例如： no news is good news. 沒有消息就是好消息。 maths is very popular in our class 在我們班數(shù)學很受歡迎。 15. 由 bothand 連 接 兩 個 單 數(shù) 名 詞 作 主 語 時 ， 謂 語 動 詞 用 復(fù) 數(shù) 形 式 ； 由or,eitheror，neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut,連接兩個名詞或代詞

11、作主語時，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。例如： both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和媽媽都是老師。 tom or jack is wrong. 不是湯姆就是杰克錯了。 either this one or that one is ok. 這一個或那一個都行。 16. a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： a number of famous people were invited to party. 許多名人都被邀請參加這個聚會。 t

12、he number of the students is over eight houndred. 我們學校的學生數(shù)超過 800 人。 17. 當 kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示確定數(shù)量的名詞短語修飾主語時，謂語與 kind,pair,glass 等一致。例如： this pair of shoes is toms. 這雙鞋是湯姆的。 there are two glasses of wather on the table. 桌上有兩杯水。 18. the+形容詞表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時，用單數(shù)形式。例如： the poor are very

13、 happy,but the rich are sad. 窮人很快樂，富人卻過得不快樂。 the beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 19. 以 here，there 開關(guān)的句子，若主語在兩個或兩個以上，謂語動詞通常與 臨 近 的 主 語 一 致 。 例如： there is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本書，三只鋼筆。 here are some books and paper for you. 這 是 給 你 的 書 和紙。 、 主謂一致精練 1. either jane or steven _watch tv

14、 now. a. were b. is c. was d. are 2. two days _enough for me to finish the work, i need a third day. a. isnt b. is c. aret d. are 3. how many lessons do you usually haver a day? six lessons a day. and each of then _45 minutes. a. last b. lasts c. have d. are 4. neither liping nor i _ a basketball pl

15、ayer. a. am b. is c. be d. are 5. there _ many new words in lesson one,it is very easy. a. is b. arent c. isnt d. are 6. the number of the students in our school _1200. a. is b. are c. has d. have 7. maths _ my favourite subject. a. be b. is c. am d. are 8. the boy with the two dogs _ when the earth

16、quake rocked the ciry.a. were sleeping b. is sleeping c. was sleeping d. are asle 9. every one except tom and john _ there when the meeting began. a. are b. is c. were d. was 10.that place is not interesting at all, _ of us wants to go there.a. neither b. both c. all d. some 11. nobody but jane _ th

17、e secret. a. know b. knows c. have know d. is 12. whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? there _ some eggs and cakes on it. a. is b. are c. was d. were 13. this pair of glasses _ mine. a. are b. be c. is d. will be 14. both lily and lucy _ to the party yesterday. a. invited b. was invited c.

18、 had invited d. were invir ( ) 1. -have you got some water to drink? -here you are. there_ still some in the bottle. a. are b. were c. is d. was ( ) 2 ._ there many american friends in the school last friday?a. is b. was c. are d. were ( ) 3. there _ a great many accidents last year. a. were b. are

19、c. is d. was ( ) 4 .-how many children _ in the picture?-three. a. has there b. is there c. have there d. are there part 2 ( ) 1. in 1850, about a third of u. s. a_ covered by forests.a. were b. has been c. / d. was ( ) 2. most of our earth_ covered by water. a. are b. is c. was d. were ( ) 3. sunda

20、y _ the first day of the week.a. is b. are c. am d. be ( ) 4.neither_right.a. answers are b. answers aren"t c. answer is d. answer isn"t part 3( ) 1. the population of the world _ still _ now.a. has; grown b. will; grow c. is; growing d. is grown ( ) 2.there _ many people running in the pa

21、rk every morning.a. is b. were c. are d. have ( ) 3. these police often_the children across the street. a. help b. helps c. helping d. is helping part 4( ) 1. _ going to england by air next week. a. the green family are b. the greens family are c. the green"s family are d. green family are ( ) 2.the whole family _ enjoying the beautiful music now. a. is all b. all is c. all are