英文合同寫作

1、q英文經(jīng)濟(jì)合同的寫作不是基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)的寫作，也不是簡(jiǎn)單的英文商務(wù)信函的寫作，而是正式的法律文件的寫作。對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同1.The Appendix hereto shall, through the contract period, be deemed (被認(rèn)為) to be construed (理解)as part of this Contract. 整個(gè)合同期間，本合同的附件應(yīng)被視為合同的一部分予以解釋。2.The headings and marginal notes in these conditions shall not be deemed part thereof or b

2、e taken into consideration in the interpretation or construction thereof or of the Contract. 本合同條件中的標(biāo)題和旁注不應(yīng)視為合同文本的一部分，在合同條件或合同本身的理解或解釋中也不應(yīng)考慮這些標(biāo)題和旁注。Construction 比 explanation 要正式。3.The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and t

3、he remedying of defects therein the Contract Price. 業(yè)主特此立約保證向承包人支付合同總價(jià)，以作為本工程施工、竣工及修補(bǔ)工程中缺陷的報(bào)酬。Covenants是法律用詞，意為簽訂有法律約束力的正式合同。對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同中英文的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同中英文的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)使用正式的法律用詞使用正式的法律用詞q對(duì)一些關(guān)鍵性的詞采用同義詞連用以克服由于英語(yǔ)詞一詞多意可能產(chǎn)生的語(yǔ)意不明、避免合同雙方按各自的意圖來(lái)理解合同條文。1.This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Pa

4、rty B. 本協(xié)議由甲方和乙方簽訂。2.The Contractor shall, without limiting his or the Employees obligations and responsibilities under Clause 20, insure the Works, together with materials and plant for incorporation therein, to the full replacement cost. 在不限制第20條中規(guī)定的承包人和業(yè)主的義務(wù)和責(zé)任的條件下，承包人應(yīng)該以全部重置成本對(duì)工程、用于工程中的材料和工程配套設(shè)備

5、進(jìn)行保險(xiǎn)。Construction 比 explanation 要正式。對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同中英文的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同中英文的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)同義詞連用同義詞連用qThe Engineer shall have authority to issue to the Contractor, from time to time, such supplementary Drawings and instructions as shall be necessary for the purpose of the proper and adequate execution and completion of the wo

6、rks and the remedying of any defects therein. 工程師有權(quán)隨時(shí)向承包人發(fā)出為合理和恰當(dāng)施工，竣工及修補(bǔ)工程中的缺陷所必須的補(bǔ)充圖紙和指示。q“施工，竣工及修補(bǔ)工程中的缺陷”用了兩個(gè)and (execution and completion of the works and the remedying of any defects )。q根據(jù)一般國(guó)際承包工程的做法以及國(guó)際工程承包法規(guī)（FIDIC合同條款）的規(guī)定，工程分為兩個(gè)階段完成：v第一個(gè)階段為：設(shè)計(jì)、施工和竣工。完成后承包人獲得業(yè)主簽發(fā)的移交證書(Taking-over Certificate)。

7、v第二個(gè)階段為修補(bǔ)工程中的缺陷。完成后承包人獲得業(yè)主簽發(fā)的缺陷責(zé)任證書(Defects Liability Certificate)。屆時(shí)，承包人和業(yè)主雙方的合同義務(wù)都已解除。q若用execution，completion of the works and the remedying of any defects ，則意味著兩個(gè)階段合并為一個(gè)階段，使承包人該移交的工程不能交出去。對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同中英文的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同中英文的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)外語(yǔ)與相關(guān)的專業(yè)知識(shí)和國(guó)際法知識(shí)相結(jié)合外語(yǔ)與相關(guān)的專業(yè)知識(shí)和國(guó)際法知識(shí)相結(jié)合q進(jìn)行對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同文件寫作時(shí)，在用詞上不但要求準(zhǔn)確，而且要求簡(jiǎn)潔。q英語(yǔ)中某些副詞如“

8、here”和 “where”在法律文件中往往當(dāng)作前綴，與另外一個(gè)詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)正式法律詞匯中的副詞，在法律文件中用這些詞，可以避免重復(fù)，使行文準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔。q對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同文件是法律文件，為了維護(hù)法律的權(quán)威性，在進(jìn)行此類文件的英文寫作時(shí)，常常使用那些我們平時(shí)不常用的、法律文件中專用的正式詞匯。措詞措詞qHereby: by means of ; by reason of this. 特此，因此，茲。1.The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion

9、of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract. 業(yè)主特立此約保證在合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)，按合同規(guī)定的方式向承包人支付合同價(jià)，或合同規(guī)定的其它應(yīng)支付的款項(xiàng)，以作為本工程施工、竣工及修補(bǔ)工程中缺陷的報(bào)酬。2.We hereby certify to

10、 the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein（在聲明中）, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request. 特此證明，據(jù)我們所知，上述聲明內(nèi)容真實(shí)，正確無(wú)誤，并提供了全部現(xiàn)有的資料和數(shù)據(jù)，我們同意，應(yīng)貴方要求出具證明文件。措詞措詞herebyqThis contract is h

11、ereby made and concluded by and betweenCo. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B) on(data), in(Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation. q本合同雙方，公司 (以下稱甲方) 與公司(以下稱乙方) 于(日期)在中國(guó)(地點(diǎn)), 本著平等互利和友好協(xié)商的原則特簽訂本合同。

12、措詞措詞herebyqHereof: of this, 關(guān)于此點(diǎn)，在本文中。qThe terms, conditions and provisions hereof：本合同的條件和條款。1.Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof （本法所稱）, cover such legal entities and other organizations as are engaged in foreign trade dealings. 本法所稱的對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)

13、營(yíng)者是指依照本法規(guī)定從事對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的法人和其他組織。2.This decision shall apply to the crimes committed against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof by the staff and workers of enterprises other than limited liability companies and companies limited by shares. 有限責(zé)任公司和股份有限公司以外的企業(yè)職工有本決定第九條、第十條和第十一條規(guī)定的犯罪行為的，適用本決定。措詞措詞

14、hereofqHereto: to this, 至此，在此上。在表示上文已提及的“本合同的本文件的”時(shí)，使用該詞。qThe parties hereto: 本合同雙方qAppendix 4 hereto: 本協(xié)議附件41.All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto. Should, through negotiation, no settlement be reached, the

15、 case in question shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing and the arbitration rules of this Commission shall be applied. The award of this arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties hereto. The Arbitration fee

16、 shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission. 對(duì)于因履行本合同所發(fā)生的一切爭(zhēng)議，本合同雙方應(yīng)通過(guò)友好協(xié)商解決，如協(xié)商無(wú)法解決爭(zhēng)議，則應(yīng)將爭(zhēng)議提交中國(guó)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)（北京），依據(jù)其仲裁規(guī)則進(jìn)行仲裁。仲裁裁決是終局性的，對(duì)雙方都有約束力。仲裁費(fèi)用應(yīng)由敗訴方承擔(dān)，但仲裁委員會(huì)另有裁定的除外。措詞措詞hereto2.“Patented Technology” means such patent, and such applications for the p

17、atent as are presently owned or will hereafter be acquired in the future by Party B, or as Party B has or may have the right to control, or as are permitted to be transferred during the effective period of this Contract in any or all countries of the world, and as are applicable to or may be used in

18、 the manufacture of Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto. “專利技術(shù)”系指乙方目前擁有的或未來(lái)獲得的，或乙方有權(quán)或可能有控制權(quán)的，或在本合同有效期在世界任何國(guó)家許可轉(zhuǎn)讓的，適用于或可能適用制造本合同雙方規(guī)定的本合同產(chǎn)品的專利和專利申請(qǐng)。措詞措詞heretoqHerein: in this. 此中，于此。在表示上文已提及的“本合同（中）的本文件（中）的”時(shí)，使用該詞。1.The term “company” mentioned herein refers to such a limited liability c

19、ompany or such a company limited by shares as are established within the territory of China in accordance with this Law. 本法所稱公司是指依照本法在中國(guó)境內(nèi)設(shè)立的有限責(zé)任公司和股份有限公司。2.The term “FOB”, “CFR” or “CIF” shall be subject to the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms” (INCOTERMS, 2000) provided b

20、y International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwise specified herein (in this Contract). 除非本合同另有規(guī)定， “FOB”, “CFR” 或 “CIF” 均應(yīng)依照國(guó)際商會(huì)制定的國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則（INCOTERMS）2000辦理。“FOB” (free on board) (Named port of shipment) 船上交貨()“CFR” (cost and freight): 成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)“CIF” (cost, insurance and fright): 成本、保險(xiǎn)加運(yùn)費(fèi)措詞措詞h

21、erein qHereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文。一般與to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等詞組連用，以避免重復(fù)。qWhen existing Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures, Chinese-foreign cooperative joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned enterprises (hereinafter referred to as “enterprise with foreig

22、n investment”) apply to reorganize themselves into a company, the enterprises with foreign investment shall have a record of making profits for the recent three consecutive years. 已設(shè)立的中外合資企業(yè)、中外合作企業(yè)和外商獨(dú)自企業(yè)（以下簡(jiǎn)稱外商投資企業(yè)），如申請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣镜?，?yīng)有最近連續(xù)3年的盈利記錄。措詞措詞hereinafter qtherein: in that, in that particular conte

23、xt, in that respect. 在那里，在那點(diǎn)上，在那方面。在表示上文已提及的“合同中的，工程中的”等時(shí)，可以使用該詞。qThe contractor shall not, without the prior consent of the Employer, assign the Contract or any part thereof, or any benefit or interest therein or thereunder, otherwise than by: 沒有業(yè)主的事先同意，承包人不得將合同或合同的任何部分，或合同中或合同名下的任何利益或好處進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)讓，但下列情況除

24、外：vTherein: in the contractvThereunder: under the contract措詞措詞therein qthereof: of that, of it. 由此，其。在表示已提及的“人或事的”時(shí)，可以使用該詞。q“Tests on Completion” means such tests specified in the Contract or otherwise agreed by and between the Engineer and the Contractor as shall be made by the Contractor before th

25、e Employer takes over the Works or any section or part thereof. 竣工檢驗(yàn)指合同規(guī)定的或由工程師與承包人另行商定的檢驗(yàn)。這些檢驗(yàn)是由承包人在業(yè)主接收工程或工程的任何部分之前進(jìn)行的。qIf this Agreement is terminated for any reason whatsoever, all such drawings, transparencies, specifications, and any other manufacturing or engineering information as are suppli

26、ed by Party A, including all the copies thereof, shall be returned to Party A, and Party B shall cease to manufacture the said Licensed Products or Components, or parts of the Licensed Products. 如本協(xié)議因任何理由而終止，所有甲方提供的圖紙、圖片、規(guī)格以及其他全部生產(chǎn)和操作資料，包括全部復(fù)制品，均返還甲方，同時(shí)，乙方應(yīng)停止生產(chǎn)上述許可證產(chǎn)品或部件或零件。措詞措詞thereof qThereafter:

27、after that, 此后，之后qThereto：to that, 隨附，附之qTherewith: with that, 與此，與之qTherefor,: for that, 因之，為此qThereunder: under that, 在其下，依照措詞措詞thereafter, thereto, therewith, therefor, thereunder q“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and

28、modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto. “合同產(chǎn)品”指本合同附件2中規(guī)定的產(chǎn)品及其改進(jìn)和開發(fā)的產(chǎn)品。qThe Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable. 借款人未能支付根據(jù)該協(xié)議規(guī)定到期應(yīng)付的款項(xiàng)。qThe decision and award of the arbitration tribunal shall be final, and judgment on t

29、he decision and award in question may, under the request of either party to the Contract, be made by any court having jurisdiction. The parties thereto shall, in good faith, comply with the decision and award of the arbitration tribunal. 仲裁庭的仲裁決定或裁決是終局性的，任何一方可以要求任何有管轄權(quán)的法院對(duì)此做出司法判決。雙方須以良好的誠(chéng)信態(tài)度遵守仲裁庭的決定

30、。措詞措詞thereafter, thereto, therewith, therefor, thereunder qWhareas: considering that, 鑒于，就而論。常用于合同協(xié)議書的開頭段落以引出合同雙方訂立合同的理由或依據(jù)。qWhereas Party B has the right and agrees to grant Party A the rights to use, manufacture and sell the Contract Products of Patented Technology;qWhereas Party A desires to use

31、the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products;qThe Representatives authorized by the Parties to this Contract have, through friendly negotiation, agreed to enter into this Contract under the terms, conditions and provisions specified as follows:q鑒于乙方有權(quán)并同意將專利技術(shù)的合同產(chǎn)品

32、使用權(quán)、制造權(quán)和銷售權(quán)授予甲方；q鑒于甲方希望利用乙方的專利技術(shù)制造并銷售合同產(chǎn)品；q雙方授權(quán)代表經(jīng)友好協(xié)商，同意就以下條款簽訂本合同：措詞措詞whereas qWhareby: by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions, 憑此協(xié)議，憑此條款。常用于合同協(xié)議書中以引出合同當(dāng)事人應(yīng)承擔(dān)的主要合同義務(wù)。qA sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the

33、 buyer pays the price for the object. 買賣合同是出賣人轉(zhuǎn)讓標(biāo)的物的所有權(quán)于買受人，買受人支付價(jià)款的合同。qA contract for supply and use of electricity refers to a contract whereby the supplier of electricity supplies electricity to the user of electricity, and the user of electricity pays the electric fee. 供用電合同是供電人向用電人供電，用電人支付電費(fèi)的合同

34、。措詞措詞whereby qnotwithstanding: prep. In spit of 盡管；adv. Nevertheless 仍然。比although正式。qThe Works shall be measured net, notwithstanding any general or local custom, except where otherwise provided for in the contract. 無(wú)論通常的和當(dāng)?shù)氐牧?xí)慣如何，工程計(jì)量應(yīng)該計(jì)算凈值，但合同另有規(guī)定的除外。qNotwithstanding the provisions of this Clause o

35、r any other Clause of the Contract, no payment certificates shall be issued by the Engineer until the performance security is submitted by the Contractor under the Contract and approved by the Employer. 盡管有本條款或任何其它合同條款的規(guī)定，在承包人提交履約保證并經(jīng)業(yè)主批準(zhǔn)之前，工程師不對(duì)任何支付款開具證書。措詞措詞notwithstanding q在合同等法律文件中，表示強(qiáng)制性承擔(dān)法律或合同義

36、務(wù)，如表示“應(yīng)該”或“必須”做某事時(shí)，應(yīng)用“shall”，而決不能用“must”或“ should”。q在表示“應(yīng)該”或“必須” 時(shí)，有時(shí)也可以用will，但力度要比shall弱。qShould在法律文件中往往用作if, 只表示“如果”之意。qThe board meeting shall be called and presided over by the Chairman. Should the Chairman be absent, the vice-Chairmen shall, in principle, call and preside over the board meeting

37、. 董事會(huì)應(yīng)由董事長(zhǎng)召集并主持，若董事長(zhǎng)缺席，原則上應(yīng)由副董事長(zhǎng)召集主持。措詞措詞shall qUnless otherwise: 除非。比if not 和 otherwise 正式。qUnless otherwise expressly specified in the Contract, the Engineer shall have no authority to relieve the Contractor of any of his obligations under the Contract. 除非在合同中明確規(guī)定，工程師無(wú)權(quán)解除合同規(guī)定的承包人的任何義務(wù)。qUnless othe

38、rwise specified in the credit, banks will accept transport documents indicating the third party other than the beneficiary of the credit as the consignor of the goods. 除非信用證另有規(guī)定，銀行將接受表明以信用證受益人以外的第三者作為發(fā)貨人的運(yùn)輸單據(jù)。短語(yǔ)與詞組短語(yǔ)與詞組unless otherwise qOn the FOB basis, the Buyer shall book shipping space in accord

39、ance with the date of shipment specified in the Contract. 按照FOB條款，由買方負(fù)責(zé)根據(jù)合同規(guī)定的裝運(yùn)日期預(yù)定艙位。qWhen, under the laws and approval from the relevant authorities, a limited liability company is converted into a company limited by shares, the total amount which shares are converted into shall be equivalent to

40、the amount of the companys net assets. 有限責(zé)任公司依法經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)更為股份有限公司時(shí)，折合的股份總額應(yīng)當(dāng)相當(dāng)于公司的凈資產(chǎn)額。短語(yǔ)與詞組短語(yǔ)與詞組in accordance with, under, pursuant to: 根據(jù)，依照根據(jù)，依照 q比about, concerning, as regards 正式。qIn respect thereof 在表示關(guān)于上文已提及的事項(xiàng)時(shí)使用。qThe contractor has included a claim in respect thereof in his Final Statement. 承包人已在其最

41、終報(bào)告中，包括了對(duì)此事的索賠。qBank charges in respect of transfers are payable by the first beneficiary unless otherwise specified by the bank. The transferring bank shall have no obligations to effect the transfer until such charges are paid. 除非銀行另有規(guī)定，有關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)讓的銀行費(fèi)用應(yīng)由第一受益人支付。在該費(fèi)用付清之前，轉(zhuǎn)讓行無(wú)辦理轉(zhuǎn)讓的義務(wù)。短語(yǔ)與詞組短語(yǔ)與詞組in respect

42、of, in respect thereof: 關(guān)于關(guān)于 qIn the event that either party hereto fails to comply with the terms or conditions of this Agreement, and , within 90 days after the written notice is issued by the other Party hereto, fails to remedy such failure, the Party giving notice may, forthwith, notify the othe

43、r Party of the matter in question and terminate this Agreement. 若任何一方未能履行本協(xié)議規(guī)定的條款或條件，并在收到另一方書面通知后90天內(nèi)未對(duì)其不履行進(jìn)行補(bǔ)救，發(fā)出通知的一方可立即通知另一方終止本協(xié)議。qEither Party hereto may terminate this Agreement in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the other party. 本協(xié)議任何一方可以在對(duì)方破產(chǎn)或資不抵債的情況下終止本協(xié)議。短語(yǔ)與詞組短語(yǔ)與詞組in the event

44、that, in the event of, 如果，如果如果，如果發(fā)生發(fā)生 q該詞組常用于在合同的某一條款中需要作進(jìn)一步規(guī)定時(shí)，或在規(guī)定時(shí)語(yǔ)氣上表示轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)。qThe Engineer may exercise such authority as is specified or necessarily implied in the Contract. Provided that if, under the terms and conditions of the appointment by the Employer, the Engineer shall be required to obtai

45、n the specific approval of the Employer before exercising any such authority, the details of the requirements in question shall be specified in the Contract. 工程師可行使合同中規(guī)定的或者合同中必然隱含的權(quán)力。 但是，如果根據(jù)業(yè)主任命工程師的條件，要求工程師在行使上述權(quán)力之前，應(yīng)得到業(yè)主的具體批準(zhǔn)，則此類要求的細(xì)節(jié)應(yīng)在本合同予以表明。短語(yǔ)與詞組短語(yǔ)與詞組provided that, 但規(guī)定，規(guī)定；但是但規(guī)定，規(guī)定；但是 q正式用語(yǔ)，比be

46、believed, be considered 正式。qIn the absence of such indication, the Credit shall be deemed to be revocable. 如無(wú)該項(xiàng)表示，信用證應(yīng)視為可以撤消的。qOnly the Defects Liability Certificate referred to in Clause 62, shall be deemed to constitute approval of the Works. 只有第62條規(guī)定中的缺陷責(zé)任書才能視為構(gòu)成對(duì)工程的批準(zhǔn)。短語(yǔ)與詞組短語(yǔ)與詞組be deemed, 被認(rèn)為被認(rèn)為

47、 qIn case the quality, quantity, weight of the goods are not in conformity with the provisions of the Contract after arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyer may, under survey report issued by an inspection organization agreed by the partiers thereto, lodge claim with the Seller, w

48、ith the exception, however, of those claims for which the insurance company and/or the shipping company shall be responsible. 在貨物運(yùn)抵目的港后，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物質(zhì)量、數(shù)量或重量與合同規(guī)定的不符，買方可以根據(jù)雙方同意的檢驗(yàn)組織出具的檢驗(yàn)證書，向賣方索賠。但是，應(yīng)由保險(xiǎn)公司或航運(yùn)公司負(fù)責(zé)的損失除外。短語(yǔ)與詞組短語(yǔ)與詞組in case, in (the) case of,如果，有如果，有“一旦，萬(wàn)一一旦，萬(wàn)一”的意思的意思qBe liable for sth; be liabl

49、e to sb.: be responsible in accordance with law. 應(yīng)負(fù)有責(zé)任。qParty A shall not, under this guarantee, be liable for any direct or indirect loss whatsoever arising out of any defect in the parts or components thereof. 根據(jù)本擔(dān)保，甲方不應(yīng)承擔(dān)因零部件缺陷而引起的任何直接或間接損失的賠償責(zé)任。qA company may invest in other limited liability co

50、mpanies or companies limited by shares and be liable to the companies which it has invested in to the extent of the amount of capital invested in such companies. 公司可以向其他有限責(zé)任公司或股份有限公司投資，并以該出資額為限對(duì)所投資公司承擔(dān)責(zé)任。短語(yǔ)與詞組短語(yǔ)與詞組be liable for, be liable toqIn Testimony Whereof: in Witness Whereof, 以此為證，特立此證q作為正式性的

51、體現(xiàn)，該短語(yǔ)常常在合同結(jié)尾條款中使用，以鄭重其事，重申合同的嚴(yán)肅性、重要性；在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上起到承前啟后的作用，以引出結(jié)語(yǔ)。qIn Testimony Whereof, this Contract shall come into effect after the Contract in question is made and signed by the Parties hereto in duplicate, and either Party will hold one copy. 本合同由雙方代表簽字后生效，一式兩份，雙方各執(zhí)一份。qIn Testimony Whereof, the part

52、ies hereto have respectively caused this document to be made and executed in duplicate, as of the day and year first written above. 本文件一式兩份，由本合同雙方分別于上面所訂日期訂立，特此為證。qIn Testimony Whereof, the Parties hereto have caused this agreement to be duly made and executed as of the day and year first written ab

53、ove. 雙方于協(xié)議文首所訂日期，正式簽署本合同，特此為證。短語(yǔ)與詞組短語(yǔ)與詞組in Testimony WhereofqIn Testimony Whereof: in Witness Whereof, 以此為證，特立此證q作為正式性的體現(xiàn)，該短語(yǔ)常常在合同結(jié)尾條款中使用，以鄭重其事，重申合同的嚴(yán)肅性、重要性；在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上起到承前啟后的作用，以引出結(jié)語(yǔ)。qIn Testimony Whereof, this Contract shall come into effect after the Contract in question is made and signed by the Part

54、ies hereto in duplicate, and either Party will hold one copy. 本合同由雙方代表簽字后生效，一式兩份，雙方各執(zhí)一份。qIn Testimony Whereof, the parties hereto have respectively caused this document to be made and executed in duplicate, as of the day and year first written above. 本文件一式兩份，由本合同雙方分別于上面所訂日期訂立，特此為證。qIn Testimony Wher

55、eof, the Parties hereto have caused this agreement to be duly made and executed as of the day and year first written above. 雙方于協(xié)議文首所訂日期，正式簽署本合同，特此為證。短語(yǔ)與詞組短語(yǔ)與詞組in Testimony WhereofqKnow All Men by these presents: 根據(jù)本文件， 特此宣布。qUndesigned: 法律文件末尾的簽名者，前面加定冠詞the，是指文件簽署者的自稱。qNow Therefore: 特此，因此等。qKNOW AL

56、L MEN by there presents that we (banks name) having our registered office at *(hereinafter called “the Bank”) will be bound unto (the Owners name) (hereinafter called “the Owner”) in the sum of *for payment well and truly to be made to the said Owner, and the Bank will bind itself, its successors an

57、d assigns by these presents. 根據(jù)本文件，茲宣布，我行（銀行名稱），其注冊(cè)地點(diǎn)在（注冊(cè)地名）（以下稱銀行），向（業(yè)主名稱）（以下稱業(yè)主）立約擔(dān)保支付（金額數(shù)）的保證金。本保證書對(duì)銀行及其繼承人和受讓人均具有約束力。qThe undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated as follows: 茲經(jīng)簽約的買賣雙方同意，按下列條款，達(dá)成這筆交易。短語(yǔ)與詞組短

58、語(yǔ)與詞組-Know All Men by there presents, undersigned, Now Thereforeq國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合同文件及其法律文件中的英文句子具有結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、句式較長(zhǎng)的特點(diǎn)。q為了做到準(zhǔn)確、嚴(yán)密、清楚、易解，這類英文句子的結(jié)構(gòu)有其自己的一定規(guī)則，較典型的就是狀語(yǔ)的位置。句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子結(jié)構(gòu)q一般應(yīng)放在shall, may等情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。qA listed company shall, pursuant to laws and administrative regulations, make public periodically its financial

59、and operational conditions. The listed company shall, in each fiscal year, publish its financial statements once every six months. 上市公司必須按照法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定，定期公開財(cái)務(wù)狀況和經(jīng)營(yíng)情況，在每會(huì)計(jì)年度內(nèi)半年公布一次財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)告。qA foreign company may, pursuant to this law, establish branches within the Territory of China, and may engage in pr

60、oduction and operational activities. 外國(guó)公司依照本法規(guī)定可以在中國(guó)境內(nèi)設(shè)立分支機(jī)構(gòu)，從事生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)。主句中狀語(yǔ)的位置主句中狀語(yǔ)的位置q如果法律文件中的句子為復(fù)合句，則從句中狀語(yǔ)的位置通常應(yīng)放在連詞if 或when等的后面，從句句子的前面。qIf, during the effective term of a takeover offer, the purchaser needs to alter any items in the takeover offer, the purchaser shall submit a report to the secu