初中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解練習(xí)綜合題庫

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)精講和專練I. 定義：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，也可以表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)II. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：have/has+ done (過去分詞) 否定句：主語+have/has+not+ done (過去分詞)+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+ done (過去分詞)+其他.簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主語 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)注意：表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成時(shí)不能與for，since等表示一段時(shí)

2、間的詞連用。用來持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或表過去重復(fù)的動(dòng)作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自從）或for（經(jīng)歷）引導(dǎo)的詞語連用。如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。III. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義之一是過去完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響, 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常和，ever, never, twice（once）, so far（到目前為止）, since，for，in the past/last few years（在過去幾年） , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑問句）, jus

3、t(剛剛), before（以前）, recently（近來） 等詞連用說明：already與yet都有“已經(jīng)”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑問句，并用于句末。例如：I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?They have left. (他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里)I have had my lunch. (我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了,也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓)I cant f

4、ind my watch now. I think I have already lost it.2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動(dòng)作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時(shí)間”點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分入手。for+時(shí)段 since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（過去 從句）為標(biāo)志注意： 1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過去的時(shí)間狀語連用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能與when連用IV. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法A表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影想或結(jié)果）。例如： The car has arrived.車子來了

5、。（結(jié)果：車子已在門口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗戶打破了。（結(jié)果：窗戶仍破著）B. 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,如for+時(shí)間段、since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)、疑問詞how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在這個(gè)工廠工作已經(jīng)五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自從2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中國。 How

6、 long have you been here? 你來這里多久了？ 注意：此種用法中表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（否定句除外）。例如： (1)這本書我已經(jīng)買了三個(gè)月了。 錯(cuò)誤：I have bought the book for three months. 正確：I have had the book for three months. (2)你哥哥參軍多長時(shí)間了？ 錯(cuò)誤：How long has your brother joined the army? 正確：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?延

7、續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 9leave - be away borrow - keep buy - have die - be dead begin/start - be on finish - be over fall ill -be illget up-be up catch a cold - have a cold put on wearcome/become/go - be here fall asleep - be asleep get to/ arrive/reach - be (in) get to know - know join-be a member of . (成

8、為的一員) open -be openclose -be closed用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換短暫性動(dòng)詞，句中謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語為“for時(shí)間段”或“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”。如：He has been in the Green China for three years.He has been a member of the Green China for three years.他加入“綠色中國”已經(jīng)三年了。 The old man died 4 years ago.- The old man has been dead for 4 years.He joined the Party

9、2 years ago.- He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days ago.- I have had the book for 5 days. 表示時(shí)間段的短語有:for+一段時(shí)間(for 2 years), since+從句(since he came here), since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。V. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別 1一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，

10、強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是yesterday 。）I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2一般過去時(shí)和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：ago, last week/.In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday .Then(那時(shí)),that day, one day, once(從前)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和recently（近來），ever, n

11、ever, twice, so far（到目前為止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑問句）, just(剛剛), before（以前）連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. VI. 比較since和forsince 后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)， for后接時(shí)間段，試比較：I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have l

12、ived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.VII. 比較 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been inhave(has) been to.表示“曾去過某地，已經(jīng)從那里回來了”，可以和ever、never、twice等連用。have(has) gone to表示“已經(jīng)去了某地，在去那里的途中或到達(dá)那里還沒有回來”。have(has) been in 表示“

13、在某地呆多長時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如：since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾經(jīng))到/去過上海.(但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來了)He has gone to Shanghai. 他已經(jīng)去上海了.(也許剛動(dòng)身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里)Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了 語法練習(xí)I. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化1. He died

14、 10 years ago. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago.He _here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. The ligh

15、t _for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. He _from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. The door _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. The door _for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. He _ a _ for a ye

16、ar. He _ the army for a year. It _ a year _ he joined the army. II. 單項(xiàng)選擇。( )1. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written ( )2. Have you met Mr. Li _？. Just . ago .before .a moment ago( )3. How long have you _ here ? About two months . been .

17、gone . come . arrived( )4. Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better. changed; better ( )5. _ you _ your homework yet ?Yes. I _ it a moment ago.Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished.Have; done; have finished . will; do; f

18、inish( )6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew( )7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. will see . have seen . saw .see( )8. These farmers have been to the United States .Really? When _ there ?. will they go .did they go . do they go . have they g

19、one ( )9. Zhou Lang _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are; studying( )10. His father _ the Party since 1998 .joined . has joined . was in . has been in( )11. Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have

20、 become . have made( )12. He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?. already .never .ever . still( )13. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on . began( )14. It _ ten years since he left the army . Is . has . will . was( )15. Miss Green isn't in the office. She_ to t

21、he library.has gone . went .will go . has been( )16. My parents _ Shandong for ten years. have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been( )17. The students have cleaned the classroom, _?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they( )18. has Mr. White been a member of Greener China sinc

22、e he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( )19. His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He has never surfed, _ ?（改成附加疑問句） 2、They have been here since 2001. (提問) _ hav

23、e they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He _for a year. (die) （動(dòng)詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Green left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Green _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party thr

24、ee years _ .句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. He has already gone home. He _ _ home _. (否定句) _ he _ home _? (疑問句)2. He has lunch at home. He _ _ lunch at home. (否定句) _ he _ lunch at home? (疑問句)3. He has been there twice. _ _ _ _ he been there? (劃線提問)4. I have lunch at school. _ _ you _ lunch. (劃線提問)5、They have been here sinc

25、e 2000.  (對(duì)劃線部分提問)                        have they been here?6、The old man _ last year. He               

26、0;   for a year. (die) （動(dòng)詞填空）7、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)   his factory               _ for twenty years.8、Miss Gao left an hour ago.  (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.9、Her mothe

27、r has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _.10、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)    _ two years _ the Green family moved to France.11、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子)   _

28、三、漢譯英。1、他昨天收到一封信。_2、我父親以前到過長城。_4、她去過上海。_5、他這些天上哪兒去了？_現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí) ：一、 單項(xiàng)選擇。10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in

29、D. has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away22. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. h

30、ave joined C. have been in23.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened24.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become26.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over

31、27.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught30. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead31. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept32.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had

32、 33.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been35.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take40.- How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He has never surfed, _?（改成反意疑問句） 4、This fac

33、tory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory _ for twenty years.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.一、用過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)填空：1. “_ you _ (h

34、ave) lunch ?” “Yes.”“When _ you _ (have) it?” “I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your

35、father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?11.Have you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .”“Where_ you _(buy) it?” “ I _(buy) it in a bookstore.”“When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”二、用since和for填空1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 1999 5._ yesterday 6.