新目標(biāo)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程4

1、Unit 1研究表明：在兩性及眾多文化中，長(zhǎng)相好的人，特別是從青春期開始，往往被評(píng)價(jià)為具有出色的性格特質(zhì)的人。事情為何如此？有些人覺得，由于遇見外表迷人者和品德優(yōu)良者都令人愉快，我們會(huì)不假思索地把這二者混為一談。但是，這一說(shuō)法似乎并不客觀。西安大略大學(xué)(UniversityofWesternOntario)的桑波·保諾寧 (SampoPaunonen) 博士的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，被形容為較誠(chéng)實(shí)的人也會(huì)被認(rèn)為更討人喜歡， 而越討人喜歡的人，外貌也就更具吸引力。Research has shown that in both sexes and acrossnumerouscultures,espe

2、ciallyfrom adolescence, good-looking peopl e are often evaluated to be oneswith exceptional personality traits.Why should thisbe so? Some people have perceivedthatsince itispleasurabletomeetsomeonewithattractivephysicalappearanceandsomeone with good moral character, we automaticallymix them up.But t

3、his statement d oes not seem to be objective. The studies by Dr. SampoPaunonen of the University of Western Ontario reveal that people who weredescribed as being more honest were rated as more likable, and the more likabl e,the more physically attractive.Unit 21960 年簡(jiǎn)·古多爾開始了她在坦桑尼亞的貢貝溪國(guó)家公園對(duì)黑猩猩社群

4、的研究。由于沒有專業(yè)的訓(xùn)練來(lái)指導(dǎo)其研究， 古多爾觀察到了可能會(huì)被嚴(yán)格的科學(xué)教條 (doctrine) 所忽視的東西。她沒有給進(jìn)入觀察的黑猩猩編號(hào)，而是給他們?nèi)∶绶品坪突液哟笮l(wèi)，并發(fā)現(xiàn)他們具有獨(dú)特的個(gè)性。古多爾在貢貝溪的研究在科學(xué)界最為人稱道的是，她的發(fā)現(xiàn)打破了當(dāng)時(shí)人們長(zhǎng)期存在的兩個(gè)信念：只有人類才會(huì)制造和使用工具，以及黑猩猩是素食者。Jane Goodall began studying the chimpanzee community in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania, in 1960. Without professional train

5、ing to direct her research, Goodall observed things that strict scientific doctrines may have overlooked.Instead of numbering the chimpanzees she observed, she gave them names such as Fifi and David Greybeard, and found they had unique and individualpersonalities. Goodall s research at Gombe Streamk

6、nownisbesttothe scientific community for chall enging two l ong-standing beliefs of the day: that only humans could make and use tools, and that chimpanzees were vegetarians.Unit 3精選文庫(kù)天壇 (The Temple of Heaven) 是明、清兩代皇帝“祭天”(offersacrificesto the heaven)、“祈谷” (pray for good harvest)的場(chǎng)所。壇域北呈圓形，南為方形，寓意“

7、天圓地方” 。四周環(huán)筑壇墻兩道，把全壇分為內(nèi)壇 (the Inner Altar) 、外壇兩部分，總面積 273 公頃，主要建筑集中于內(nèi)壇。內(nèi)壇以墻分為南北兩部。北為“祈谷壇”(the Altarof Praying forBumperCrops) ，用于春季祈禱豐年，中心建筑是祈年殿(theHallof Prayer forGoodHarvests) 。南為“圜丘壇” (the Circular Mound Altar)，專門用于“冬至”(winter solstice)日祭天 (worship Heaven)，中心建筑是一巨大的圓形石臺(tái)，名“圜丘” (the Circular Mound)

8、。天壇集明、清建筑技藝之大成，是中國(guó)古建珍品，是世界上最大的祭天建筑群。1998 年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織確認(rèn)為“世界文化遺產(chǎn)”。The Temple of Heaven was the venue for emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties to offer sacrifices to the heaven and pray for good harvest. It is roundin the north and square in the south, implying "round heaven and square earth&quo

9、t;. Covering an area of 273 hectares, it is divid ed by two enclosed walls into the InnerAltar and the Outer Altar. Principal buil dings congregate within the Inner Altar.The Inner Altar is also partitioned by a wall into two groups of buildings. Thenorth structure is the Altar of Praying for Bumper

10、 Crops with the Hall of Prayerfor Good Harvests as the principal building used to pray in spring for a bumperharvest in the year. The south structure is the Circular Mound Altar used toworship Heaven at the winter solstice where the principal construction is a largeround marbl e terrace named the Ci

11、rcular Mound.A masterpiece of the Ming and Qing architectural art and a precious exampleof China's ancient architecture, The Templ e of Heaven is the largest architectural group for worshipping Heaven in the worl d. In 1998, it was recognized by the UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage.Unit 4印刷術(shù)是

12、中國(guó)古代四大發(fā)明之一， 始于隋朝的雕版印刷。 經(jīng)宋仁宗（Emperor Renzong in Song Dynasty ）時(shí)的畢昇發(fā)展、完善，產(chǎn)生了活字印刷，并由蒙古人傳至了歐洲，所以后人稱畢昇為印刷術(shù)的始祖。中國(guó)的印刷術(shù)是人類近代文明的先導(dǎo)， 為知識(shí)的廣泛傳播、交流創(chuàng)造了條件。印刷術(shù)先后傳到朝鮮、日本、中亞、西亞和歐洲。 1450 年前后，德國(guó)的古騰堡（ Gutenberg ）受中國(guó)活字印刷的影響，用合金制成了拼音文字的活字，用來(lái)印刷書籍。古騰堡使用活字印刷，比畢昇使用活字印刷已經(jīng)晚了四百多年。As one of the four great inventions of ancient Ch

13、ina, typography which began from the woodbl ock printing in Sui Dynasty evolved into a movabl e-type one after Bi Sheng developments and improvement in the reign of Emperor Renzong in Song Dynasty. After that, it was introduced into Europe by the Mongolians, so Bi Sheng was regarded as the pioneer o

14、f typography.Chinese typography, which created possibility for the wide dissemination-2精選文庫(kù)and exchange of knowledge, is the forerunner of mod ern human civilization. It has been introduced to North Korea, Japan, Central Asia, West Asia and Europe. Around 1450, Gutenberg, a German, who was influence

15、d by the Chinesemovable-type printing, invented movabl e alloy types for alphabets and used themin printing books. Therefore, Gutenberg se-usetypeofprintingmovablwas over400 years behind Bi Sheng s use.Unit 5綠色能源對(duì)于建設(shè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展型社會(huì)至關(guān)重要，不僅僅因?yàn)樗芴峁┲T多就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，更在于它能為投身于該領(lǐng)域的學(xué)生提供大量激發(fā)創(chuàng)造性的機(jī)會(huì)。據(jù)國(guó)家能源部 (National Energy Adm

16、inistration)七月份預(yù)計(jì)，截止到2020 年，新能源產(chǎn)業(yè)將創(chuàng)造 1.5 億個(gè)就業(yè)崗位。2007 年京東議定書 ( Kyoto Protocol ) 發(fā)起建立清潔能源發(fā)展機(jī)制 (Clean Development Mechanism)的新方案，旨在幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家實(shí)現(xiàn)減排目標(biāo)。一些公司可以由此獲取新能源項(xiàng)目資金。Green energy is crucial to buil ding a sustainable society. Not only are there jobs in the field, but involvement in the industry provid es plenty of opportunities for students in this field to be creative. According to the estimate of the National Energy Administration in July, the new energy sector is set to crea