TheGlimpseofChineseCulture山東大學(xué)課程中心中國文化一瞥山東大學(xué)課程中心PPT課件

1、Warm-up Activities 1. A list of Chinese Traditional Festivals2. The Origin of Chinese Traditional Festivals第1頁/共53頁1. Fill in the following table about Traditional Chinese Festivals.Festivals DateFood/activities1st day of the 1st lunar monthlight lanterns, yuanxiao (rice dumplings)April 4-6（solar）Py

2、ramid rice dumplings,dragon boat raceMid-Autumn Festival第2頁/共53頁Traditional Chinese FestivalsFestivals DateFood/activitiesThe Spring Festival 1st day of the 1st lunar monthDumplings /family feast Paste coupletsThe Lantern Festival 15th day of the 1st lunar monthlight lanterns, yuanxiao (rice dumplin

3、gs)Tomb Sweeping Day(Pure Bright Festival )April 4-6（solar）Sweep tombs/ the deadThe Dragon Boat Festival5th day of the 5th lunar monthPyramid rice dumplings,dragon boat raceMid-Autumn Festival15th day of the 8th lunar monthMoon cake第3頁/共53頁Warm-up Activities 2. The Origin of Traditional Chinese Fest

4、ival Traditional Chinese festivals has been scheduled according to the traditional Chinese calendric (k lendrik 日歷的,歷法的)system.第4頁/共53頁 The traditional Chinese Calendric System The traditional Chinese calendric system is a combination of the solar system and the lunar system, which is known as nongl

5、i, the agricultural calendar. The basic principle of nongli is, a month is a period as long as a complete moon change cycle, and a year is a period approximately as long as a solar year. Whenever necessary, a leap month is added. According to this system, 24 jieqi (24 seasonal periods or solar terms

6、 indicating the obvious changes of weather when they come around) are designed to guide agricultural activities, so the system is commonly known as the agricultural calendar(農(nóng)歷), and it is also known as zhong calendar(中歷), summer calendar(夏歷) and lunar calendar(陰歷). 第5頁/共53頁The traditional Chinese C

7、alendric System Generally speaking, the ancient Chinese calendar divides a year into four seasons(季), 24 jieqi（節(jié)氣）, 72 hou（候）, 360 days（天）. To be more specific, a day consists of 12 double hours (shichen時辰); five days make up a hou, so there are 72 hou in a year; three hou make up a jieqi, so a year

8、 has 24 jieqi; two jieqi make up a month, so a year has 12 months; three months make up a season, and four seasons make up a year. The four seasons, the eight jieqi, the Heavenly Stems(天干) and the Earthly Branches(地支) are all important factors in the forming of Chinese festivals.第6頁/共53頁The traditio

9、nal Chinese Calendric System The four seasons refer to spring, summer, autumn and winter. According to the lunar calendar, the first three months make up spring, the next three summer, the following three autumn, and the last three winter. Each season is subdivided into three equally long periods, n

10、amely early (meng孟), middle (zhong仲) and late (ji季). For instance, early spring refers to the first month, middle spring the second month, and late spring the third month.第7頁/共53頁The traditional Chinese Calendric System The first eight jieqi refer to the earliest designated and the most important ei

11、ght seasonal periods. Since ancient times, China has always attached great importance to seasonal timing, which is closely related to agricultural activities. As early as in the Zhou Dynasty, the first eight jieqi were defined, namely, the Beginning of Spring, the Spring Equinox(春分), the Beginning o

12、f Summer, the Summer Solstice（夏至）, the Beginning of Autumn, the Autumn Equinox, the Beginning of Winter and the Winter Solstice. During the Qin Dynasty, all 24 jieqi were defined.第8頁/共53頁The traditional Chinese Calendric System Whenever two jieqi meet, a festival comes. Along with the designation of

13、 24 jieqi, many festivals came into being. Up till now, there are still some festivals closely related to jieqi, for example, people now still celebrate the Beginning of Summer, the Summer Solstice, the Beginning of Winter and the Winter Solstice. Today some jieqi-related festivals have evolved into

14、 traditional festivals.第9頁/共53頁節(jié)氣(24 seasonal periods or solar terms)第10頁/共53頁Spring Festival Chinas most important festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month each year. Family members gather just as they do for Christmas in the West. In fact, with so many people returning home, it is the

15、busiest time for transportation systems. 第11頁/共53頁第12頁/共53頁第13頁/共53頁Its OriginSpring Festival is also called guonian, which means keeping the monster Nian away. There are many legends about the origin of Nian. A popular legend from ancient times described Nian as a fierce monster resembling a bull w

16、ith a lions head. During winter, when food was scarce Nian would leave his mountain lair (獸穴) to eat local villagers or drive them from their homes. 第14頁/共53頁Tell the Story of Nian (student)第15頁/共53頁Preliminary Year (Xiaonian ) The 23rd day of the 12th lunar month is Preliminary Year. Sacrifices are

17、 offered to the Kitchen God with families sharing delicious food followed by preparations for the coming Spring Festival.第16頁/共53頁 Foods, decorations, new clothes and shoes for children as well as gifts for the elderly, friends and relatives are prepared. Houses are thoroughly cleaned.第17頁/共53頁Sprin

18、g Festival Couplets These are Chinese good luck proverbs on red paper, often with golden trimming and are usually about happiness, wealth, longevity , and a satisfactory marriage, including more children. 第18頁/共53頁Spring Festival Eve Houses are brightly lit and a large sumptuous family dinner is ser

19、ved. 第19頁/共53頁 Dishes such as chicken, fish and tofu must be included, for in Chinese, their pronunciations, respectively Ji, yu and doufu, mean “auspicious, abundant and blessed”. 第20頁/共53頁Niangao means “higher and higher, one year after another.”Jiaozi, or dumpling, means “bidding farewell to the

20、old and ushering in the new” (辭舊迎新) 第21頁/共53頁The Spring Festival Gala In recent years, the Spring Festival Gala, broadcast on China Central Television Station (CCTV), lasting 5 to 6 hours has been an essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad. 第22頁/共53頁New Year During the first

21、five days of the Spring Festival, relatives, friends, classmates and colleagues exchange greetings and gifts by visiting, calling or sending messages. Telephones lines and cables are busily engaged on these days. 第23頁/共53頁第24頁/共53頁Lantern Festival The Lantern Festival, celebrated on the 15th day of

22、the first lunar month, is closely related to the Spring Festival. It marks the end of the New Year celebrations, following which life returns to normal. The most prominent activity of the Lantern Festival is the grand display of beautiful lanterns. 第25頁/共53頁Guessing Riddles Guessing riddles pasted o

23、nto lanterns is a Lantern Festival tradition from the Song Dynasty. Visitors who solve a riddle may get prizes. 第26頁/共53頁Yuanxiao Also called tangyuan. They are small dumpling balls made of glutinous rice flour with sesame (芝麻), bean paste, jujube paste (棗泥), walnut meat (核桃肉), dried fruit, or sugar

24、 and edible oil as filling. Whats more, tangyuan in Chinese has a similar pronunciation to “tuanyuan”, meaning reunion. 第27頁/共53頁Qingming Festival The Qingming Festival (or Pure Brightness Festival) is a day for mourning (哀悼) the dead. It is one of the 24 seasonal division points (二十四節(jié)氣劃分) in the lu

25、nar calendar, falling on April 4th-6th each year. After the festival, the temperature rises and rainfall increases in readiness for spring plowing (春耕) and sowing. 第28頁/共53頁Hanshi Day (寒食) Hanshi Day (or Cold Food Day) is the day before Qingming Festival, when no fire or smoke is allowed and people

26、only eat cold food. 寒 食 唐韓翃 春城無處不飛花， 寒食東風(fēng)御柳斜。 日暮漢官傳蠟燭， 輕煙散入五侯家。 第29頁/共53頁Tell the Story of Jie Zitui第30頁/共53頁A Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival Zhang Zeduan (張擇端) of the Song Dynasty produced one of Chinas most famous works of art: A Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. There are more than 500

27、people in the painting, as well as scores of (許多) different animals, carriages and sedan chairs (轎子), and bridges and boats. It is a vivid record of the festivities and hustle and bustle (熙熙攘攘) of the Qingming Festival. 第31頁/共53頁第32頁/共53頁Dragon Boat Festival The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the 5th

28、 day of the 5th lunar month. 第33頁/共53頁Tell the Story of Its Origin (student)第34頁/共53頁Dragon Boat Racing Dragon Boat Racing Competition is an indispensable part of the festival, held all over the country. Teams in dragon-shaped boats row in time to the beat of rapid drums. 第35頁/共53頁 Mid-Autumn Festiv

29、al The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, usually in October. The round shape to a Chinese means family reunion, therefore the Mid-Autumn Festival is most romanticized in China as a day of family reunion and a festival with friends.第36頁/共53頁Tell the Story of Its Origin

30、 (student)第37頁/共53頁Appreciation of Some Famous LinesI raised my head, the splendid moon I see; Then droop my head and sink to dreams of my hometown. (舉頭望明月， 低頭思故鄉(xiāng))My one wish for you, then , is long life; And a share in this loveliness(the moon) far, far away. (但愿人長久， 千里共嬋娟) 第38頁/共53頁Double Ninth Fe

31、stivalThe Double Ninth Festival or Chongyang Festival is celebrated on the 9th day of the 9th lunar month. It usually falls in October.Double Ninth Festival can also be called Height Ascending Festival (登高節(jié)) when people customarily climb mountains or towers, bringing along chrysanthemum wine (菊花酒).第

32、39頁/共53頁Tell the Story of Its Origin (student)第40頁/共53頁In 1989, the Chinese government designated (指定) Double Ninth Festival as Seniors Day (老人節(jié)) as nine is the highest odd number and two nines are taken to signify longevity. Since then, the Double Ninth Festival has become a day of loving and respe

33、cting the aged nationwide. 第41頁/共53頁 Other traditional festivals Double Seventh Festival Laba (臘八) and the Eight-Treasure Porridge第42頁/共53頁Double Seventh Festival The Double Seventh Festival, on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, is a traditional festival full of romance. It often falls on a day in

34、 August. It has been regarded as Chinas Valentines Day. 第43頁/共53頁Tell the Story of the Legend of the Cowherd and Weaver Maid (student)第44頁/共53頁 Laba and the Eight-Treasure Porridge Laba is celebrated on the 8th day of the 12th lunar month. The 12th lunar month is called the La month, which means a w

35、orld of ice and snow. Ba means eight. The 8th day of that month was considered a day for making sacrifices to gods and ancestors to ensure a peaceful life and a good harvest in the next year. 第45頁/共53頁Laba Porridge Also called the Eight-Treasure Porridge.The main materials usually consist of beans like red beans, mung beans (綠豆), cowpeas (豇豆), haricots (扁豆), peas and broad beans, and grain like rice, millet (小米), polished round-grained