高中英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣 subjunctive mood 與事實(shí)相反，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示，對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種句式中的用法介紹如下：A).條件從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反be-were/ 動(dòng)詞-過(guò)去式would/ should/ might/ could + do與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反過(guò)去完成式would/ should/ might/ could + have done與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反were to/ should + do/動(dòng)詞-過(guò)去式would/ should/ might/ coul

2、d + doEg. 如果我是你，我就不看電視了.If I were you, I should/would not watch TV.如果我做完家庭作業(yè)，我就去參加晚會(huì).If I did/had done my homework, I would go/have gone to the party.如果你昨天晚上不看電視，就不會(huì)遲到了.If you hadnt gone to the cinema, you would not have been late for class.如果你努力地學(xué)習(xí)的話，你就會(huì)考試及格了。If you had studied harder, you would ha

3、ve passed the exam.The plants in our garden_better if it had not rained so much last year. A.had grown B.would have grown C.were growing D.would growNote:a).條件從句中if 的省略，要倒裝如果條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包含有were或助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞had,should,could，有時(shí)可將連詞if省去，而將 條件從句的主語(yǔ)置于were,had,should,could之后。這種用法主要用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，如：a.與現(xiàn)在相反：If I were you (

4、=Were I you) , I would go with him.     b.與過(guò)去相反：If I had had time then (=Had I had time then), I would have gone with you.     c.與將來(lái)相反：If I were to visit/should visit/visited the Great Wall tomorrow, (=Were I to /Should I visit the Great Wall tomorrow), I would take my

5、son with me.     注意：在否定句中not不可提至主語(yǔ)前，如：     （誤）Werent I here now, I would be in the bus.     （正）Were I not here now, I would be in the bus. b).without 可以代替條件從句 Eg.沒(méi)有水和空氣，我們就不能生存。 We would not live without water or air. c) 混合虛擬條件句     如果條件從句的

6、動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示的 時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。這種句子叫做混合虛擬條件句。如：     If he had followed my advice,he would be quite all rightnow.（從句述說(shuō)過(guò)去，主句述說(shuō)現(xiàn)在） If China had not been liberated,the working people wouldstill be leading a miserable life.（ 從句表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，主句說(shuō)明與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反）d) 省略主句，只保留if(only)的條件句

7、     虛擬條件句中的表示結(jié)果的主句有時(shí)形式上可以省略，但意義仍然存在。這種句子只保留一個(gè)if(only)條 件從句，表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的強(qiáng)烈愿望。如：If(only)she were my sister！她是我的妹妹就好了！e) 用but或but for引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句（but后跟從句，but for后跟短語(yǔ): 假如沒(méi)有, 要不是）     But for your help,our experiment wouldnt have been sosuccessful.     假如沒(méi)有你們的幫助，我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是不

8、會(huì)如此成功的。     But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.     要不是碰到暴雨我們會(huì)到得早一些。     We would have invited them to the dance,but they were too busy.     要不是他們太忙，我們會(huì)邀請(qǐng)他們來(lái)參加舞會(huì)的。     此句可改寫(xiě)為：If they had not been so busy,we woul

9、d haveinvited them to the dance.     But that he is in hospital,He would go abroad for hissummer vacation.     要不是生病住院，他就出國(guó)度暑假了。     該句可改寫(xiě)為：If he wereint in hospital,he would go abroadfor his summer vacatiom.f) "If only ."這是一種特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu) 一、

10、"If only."用于感嘆句中,是一個(gè)保留條件句,省略了主句的形式。用來(lái)表示某人對(duì)某事的一種強(qiáng)烈愿望或未實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件,其意為"但愿;真希望;要是就好了"。常用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。 If only she were my sister! 如果她是我姐姐該多好啊! (=How fine it would be if she were my sister!)"If only."

11、引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式分以下幾種:1. If only后常接一般過(guò)去時(shí),表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的一種難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。如:1)If only I had that book! 我要是有那本書(shū)就好了。 =How fine it would be if only I had the book (but I haven't the book). 2)If only

12、60;I were younger! 要是我年輕點(diǎn)兒就好了! =How fine it would be if only I were younger! (but I am not younger) 3)If only my mother were here now! 要是我母親現(xiàn)在在這兒就好了。 (but she isn't&#

13、160;here now)4)How fine it would be if only they could find a way to get to the room!他們要是能夠找到一條通道進(jìn)入那個(gè)房間該多好啊!2. If only后常接過(guò)去完成時(shí),表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。如:1) If only you had worked with greater&

14、#160;care! 你當(dāng)時(shí)干活時(shí)要是再認(rèn)真些就好了! (but you didn't work with greater care)2) If only we had arrived in time, we would not have missed the train! 要是我們及時(shí)趕到,就不 會(huì)誤車(chē)了。(but we didn't

15、60;arrive in time)3. If only后常用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。如:If only she would win!但愿她能贏!二、If only有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)陳述語(yǔ)氣的真實(shí)條件句,意思為"只要"。If only it clears up, we'll go. 只要天一放晴,我們就去。與此句型容易混淆的還有一種結(jié)構(gòu)"only if.",only置于if前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)if條件

16、,意為"只要",用于引導(dǎo)陳述語(yǔ)氣的真實(shí)條件句。Only if you study hard, you will pass the test. 只要你努力學(xué)習(xí),就會(huì)通過(guò)考試。B).賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣a).wish+賓語(yǔ)從句 與現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞- be-were/ 動(dòng)詞-過(guò)去式 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 過(guò)去完成式 eg. I wish I were a bird flying freely in the sky. I wish you passed the entrance

17、exam.I wish you hadnt been absent yesterday.b).表示請(qǐng)求，命令，建議的動(dòng)詞后(一堅(jiān)持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建議(suggest,propose,advise),四要求(demand, require, request,ask) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-(should)+doeg.我們建議她去看醫(yī)生。 We suggested that she (should) go to see a doctor.例外情況：suggestion，insist后從句中不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的問(wèn)題suggest作為“表明，暗示”時(shí)，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣insist

18、作為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣eg.The smile on his face suggested that he succeeded in the task. 我們堅(jiān)持他應(yīng)該去看醫(yī)生。(堅(jiān)持要sb做) We insisted that he (should) go to see a doctor. We insisted that old Li was an advanced worker in our company. Jane's pale face suggested that she ill and her parents suggested that she _ a me

19、dical examination. A.be;should have B.was;have C.should be;had D.was;has C).主語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣It is important/necessary/strange+that+主+(should) do.Eg. It is necessary that we (should) master a foreign language to find a good job.D).狀語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 a).方式從句 與現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞- be-were/ 動(dòng)詞-過(guò)去式 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-過(guò)去完成式eg.她很悲傷仿

20、佛整個(gè)世界都背叛了她。 She felt upset and sad as if/as though the whole world had turned against her. b).讓步從句 與現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞- be-were/ 動(dòng)詞-過(guò)去式與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞- 過(guò)去完成式eg.即使他向我道歉，我也不會(huì)原諒他。 Even if/Even though he apologized to me, I wouldnt pardon him.E).it is (high,about) time+從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，值得注意的是1.用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示虛擬Or 2.sh

21、ould + 動(dòng)詞原形，should 不能省常譯為是（正是）的時(shí)侯 It is (high,about) time for+sth. for sb to do. that +clause(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞- be-were/ 動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)或should+V)eg.我們?cè)摶丶伊? It is time (that)we went/should go home.1 He suggested that the meeting          put off.   A. not be  &

22、#160;                   B. should not                 C. wouldnt           

23、     D. be not2 What would have happened if you          her child?   A. hadnt helped            B. couldnt help          

24、60;   C. wouldnt help         D. didnt help3 It is strange that he          so.   A. thinks                 &#

25、160;     B. think                         C. thought                  D. wi

26、ll think4 If I          with her last summer, I          with her now.   A.  workedam getting on very well    B. had workedwould get on very well   C.  had work

27、ed would have got on very well  D. had workedwill get on very well5 I wish I          my uncle yesterday.   A. met                    &

28、#160;      B. have met                   C. would meet            D. had met6 The old professor gave orders that the experiment &#

29、160;        before 6.   A. was finished             B. will finish                     C. be finishe

30、d             D. shall be finished7 Its high time he          home.   A. goes                   

31、;      B. went                         C. will go       D. is going to go8         &#

32、160;you succeed and          you be healthy.   A. Maymay                B. Wishwish               C.

33、 Hopehope           D. Shouldmay9 Galileo insisted that the earth          round the sun.   A. should move             B. move  &#

34、160;                     C. moves                   D.A or B10 I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I   &

35、#160;      to the meeting.   A. came                        B. would come             

36、; C. had come              D. would have come11 Supposing the weather          bad, where would they go?   A. will be            &

37、#160;        B. is                              C. were           

38、;           D. be12          your letter, I would have started off two days ago.   A. If I received           B. Should I receive  

39、;    C. If I could have received   D. Had I received13 If only I          to my parents advice!   A. listening                 

40、60;  B. listen                         C. am listening            D. had listened14 If it      

41、    rain next week, the farmers could still have a good harvest.   A. should                      B. could          

42、0;             C. would                    D. might15 -Why didnt you come to the party yesterday?    -I      &

43、#160;   , but an unexpected visitor came to see me.   A. did                            B. would       &#

44、160;               C. had                       D. was going to 16 Id rather you        &#

45、160; me the news.   A. not tell                      B. not to tell                  C. didnt tell  

46、             D. hadnt told17 I          to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind.   A. would have hoped      B. was hoping    

47、            C. had hoped              D. hoped18 His silence at the meeting suggested that he           to your plan.  

48、A. shouldnt agree          B. wouldnt agree           C. hadnt agreed          D. didnt agree19 He          the job

49、 well, but he          so careless.   A. hadnt done, had been                              

50、0;     B. could have done, was   C. could do, was                                    

51、            D. had done, had been20 Li Ling acted that way as though he          a foreigner.   A. were               &#

52、160;        B. had been                  C. should be               D. isKeys:   1-5 AABBD   6-

53、10 CBACD   11-15 CDDAD   16-20 CCDBA一 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 1. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的種類(lèi)A. 不定式 p.127a. 不定式的基本特征：主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式（not）to do（not）to be done完成式（not）to have done（not）to have been done進(jìn)行式（not）to be doing完成進(jìn)行（not）to have been doing動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式構(gòu)成。可以充當(dāng)： 主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式由不定式符號(hào)to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。1、G

54、ood-bye , Mr. Wang. Im pleased _ you.A. to meet B .meeting C. to have been meetingD. to be met A2、Encouragement through praise is the most effective method of getting people _ their best. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done B動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的對(duì)象時(shí)（或動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)），不定式一般要用被動(dòng)式。1、The ability _ is very impo

55、rtant for any speaker.A. to hear clearly B. to be clearly heardC. to hearing clearly D. to being clearly heard B。 2、Mr. and Mrs. Smith didnt expect the house _ so well.A. to be decoratedB. to decorate C. be decorated D. decorating A動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)如需指出不定式動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者時(shí)（即邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)）要在不定式前用for加名詞（或代詞）表示。1、It was very d

56、ifficult _ me to learn Spanish.A. of B. toC. withD. forD2、It is necessary _ the papers immediately.A. for you to hand in B. that you hand outC. your hand inD. for your hand in A動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式表示不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前。1、Judging from his manners at the party, he doesnt seem _ much education.A. to receiveB. t

57、o be receivingC. to have receivedD. to have been received C2、The book is said _ into several foreign languages up to now.A. to translateB. to have translateC. to have been translatedD. to be translated Cb.不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)To master a foreign language is not an easy thing. 掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)不是一件容易的事。在很多情況下，人們通常用it

58、作為形式上的主語(yǔ)，而把不定式短語(yǔ)移到謂語(yǔ)之后，使句子顯得平穩(wěn)一些。如：Its good manners to wait in line.   排隊(duì)等候是很有禮貌的。It made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother like that. 聽(tīng)到他那樣跟他媽媽說(shuō)話我們很生氣。c.不定式做賓補(bǔ)的注意事項(xiàng)：不定式可以和名詞或代詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，這時(shí)不定式被稱(chēng)為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：I would like you to help me with my English exercises.  

59、;        我想請(qǐng)你幫我做英語(yǔ)練習(xí)。I never expected the shoes to be worn out so soon.          我從來(lái)沒(méi)想到鞋子這么快就穿破了。動(dòng)詞help后面接不定式作賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以帶to也可以不帶to。如：Who can help me (to) carry this heavy box?   誰(shuí)能幫我拎這個(gè)重箱子？在make, let, have

60、等使役動(dòng)詞和see, watch, notice, hear, feel等感官動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式就成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的不定式必須加to。I often hear her sing in the next room.   我經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到她在隔壁唱歌。They make the baby go to bed at 7:00 p.m. every day.他們每天讓孩子晚上7：00上床睡覺(jué)。Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was ma

61、de to cry by his little sister.   盡管他經(jīng)常弄哭他的小妹妹，但今天他卻被他的小妹妹弄哭了。He is often heard to sing the song.   經(jīng)常有人聽(tīng)到他唱這首歌。get, leave等詞也有“讓”“叫”的意思，和使役動(dòng)詞意思相近，但它們后面的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)必須要有to。如：Ill get him to try it again.              

62、60;         我將讓他再試一次。How could you leave him to have supper with a stranger?你怎么讓他跟一個(gè)陌生人一起吃晚飯？think, consider, believe, declare, suppose, find, imagine, know, understand, take, prove, feel等動(dòng)詞后面接的不定式短語(yǔ)作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)多由：to be+形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成；think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。如： 

63、;       When he woke up, she found herself (to be ) badly injured.她醒來(lái)的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己受了重傷。I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.我第一次見(jiàn)到她的時(shí)候就認(rèn)為她人很好，很誠(chéng)實(shí)。      含有此類(lèi)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式同樣被稱(chēng)之為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：The young man was consider

64、ed to have great promise.    這個(gè)年輕人被認(rèn)為大有前途。The situation was found to be quite encouraging.   形勢(shì)看來(lái)很使人鼓舞。以be said, be reported, be known, seem, happen, prove, appear等構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)的句子中，動(dòng)詞不定式通常也可看作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如：More than 20 people were reported to have been killed in the accident.據(jù)報(bào)道，有20多個(gè)人死于事故

65、。I happened to be talking with him when he was hit by a car.   他被汽車(chē)撞的時(shí)候，我碰巧在和他談話。c. 不定式作定語(yǔ)通常放在其所修飾的名詞或代詞之后，以下幾種情況常用不定式作定語(yǔ)：（1）能帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，其同源名詞可以帶不定式作定語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的有attempt, decision, promise, plan, intention, failure, wish, determination等。如：He hasnt kept his promise to write to his parents regular

66、ly.        他沒(méi)有遵守諾言定期給他父母親寫(xiě)信。My wish to be a teacher is quite understandable.   我想成為一個(gè)教師的愿望是可以理解的。（2）常與不定式搭配的形容詞，其同源名詞一般可以帶不定式作定語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的有ability, anxiety, eagerness, ambition等。如：His eagerness to finish his work in time was quite obvious.他急切地想準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成工作是很明顯的。

67、We admire his ability to speak a foreign language so well.我們欣賞他能把一門(mén)外語(yǔ)說(shuō)得這么好。（3）序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或被only, last, next等詞修飾的名詞可以用不定式作定語(yǔ)。He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)最后一個(gè)離開(kāi)。The next person to attend the meeting is Dr. Baker.下一個(gè)出席會(huì)議的人是貝克先生。還有一些名詞經(jīng)常帶不定式作定語(yǔ)。如：person, man, th

68、ing, something, anything, nothing, time, way, reason, chance, courage, opportunity等。如：We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該有勇氣面對(duì)任何困難。He had no reason to leave his friends and live alone on the island.他沒(méi)有理由離開(kāi)他的朋友獨(dú)自住到島上去。不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)與被修飾的名詞之間有意義上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果該不定式動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，它后面需加上適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

69、介詞。如：There is nothing to worry about.                         沒(méi)什么可擔(dān)心的。There are many interesting books to choose from, but I dont know which to borrow.   有很多有趣的書(shū)可以挑選，但我不知道該借哪一

70、本。不定式在表語(yǔ)形容詞后面，不定式用主動(dòng)式:A.This question is difficult to answer. B.Hes hard to work with.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，則主被動(dòng)形式都可以:A.Theres a lot of work to do/ to be done. B.Theres nothing to do/ to be done.d.不定式作狀語(yǔ)： 1).不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可以用in order (not) to, so as (not) to結(jié)構(gòu)。如：In order to protect the young plants from the su

71、n, Mother put them in the shade.為了保護(hù)幼苗不被太陽(yáng)曬壞，媽媽把它們放到了陰涼處。He got up very early this morning so as not to be late for school again.今天早上他起身很早以免上學(xué)再遲到。（so as (not) to do不可以置于句首。）2).不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有tooto, enoughto, soas to, suchas to, only to等。如：The question is too difficult for me to answer.   對(duì)

72、我來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答。He said he was clever enough to deal with it by himself.他說(shuō)他足夠聰明可以獨(dú)自應(yīng)付這件事。Will you be so kind as to turn down the radio?  請(qǐng)你幫我把收音機(jī)調(diào)低一點(diǎn)好嗎？ He woke up only to find himself in hospital. 他醒來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在醫(yī)院里。注意：tooto通常表示“太而不”，但在下列句子中沒(méi)有否定的意思。She is only too glad to stay at home.   她太想留在

73、家里了。He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考試結(jié)果?！皁nly + 不定式(短語(yǔ))”用法“only + 不定式(短語(yǔ))”這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常多表示主語(yǔ)意想不到的結(jié)果，而且這些結(jié)果多不令人愉快。如：He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.we hurried to the station only to learn that the train had left.也可以用被動(dòng)式和用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。 如：I went to see him, only

74、to find him out.The thief stole into the house, only to be caught by the owner. only后接現(xiàn)在分詞， 多表示伴隨狀況或方式等，only修飾現(xiàn)在分詞以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。如：he died, only leaving nothing but debts.3).不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)，通常用來(lái)修飾表示情感、心理狀態(tài)、性格等的形容詞。常見(jiàn)的形容詞有：happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever, f

75、rightened, shocked, sorry, eager, proud, disappointed, foolish, impatient, unwise, naughty等。如：They are surprised to learn of his death.   得知他死亡的消息，他們很驚訝。We are proud to be young people of new China. 成為新中國(guó)的青年，我們感到很驕傲。4).另外，hard, difficult, easy, fit，comfortable等詞也可以接動(dòng)詞不定式。這時(shí)候，作句子主語(yǔ)的除了是表示人的詞

76、外，還可以是表示物的詞。如：The water is not fit to drink.   這水不適合飲用。The room is very comfortable to live in.   這個(gè)房間住起來(lái)很舒服。注意：后兩句中的不定式與句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此時(shí)如果不定式動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，則需要帶上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。e.省略不定式符號(hào)的幾種情況：在一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to常常省略，下面還有幾種情況請(qǐng)大家注意：（1）動(dòng)詞原形come, go等在口語(yǔ)中可接不帶to的不定式。如：Go tell her. 

77、 去告訴他。 Come have a glass.   來(lái)喝一杯。（2）在why引起的一些疑問(wèn)句中，疑問(wèn)詞直接跟動(dòng)詞原形或not + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：Why spend so much money?   為什么花這么多錢(qián)？Why not let her have a try?   為什么不再讓她試一試？（3）had better（還是最好）had best（最好，頂好）would rather（寧可，寧愿）would ratherthan（寧可而不）would sooner（寧可，寧愿）would soonerthan（寧可而

78、不）cannot but（不得不，必然）cannot choose but（只得）cannot help but（不得不）動(dòng)詞原形或not +動(dòng)詞原形Youd better listen to your teachers opinion.   你最好聽(tīng)一聽(tīng)老師的看法。I would rather work than stay idle.   我寧愿工作而不愿閑坐。Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.他寧愿擠公共汽車(chē)也不愿騎自行車(chē)。Ones world

79、 outlook cannot but come through in what one says and does.一個(gè)人的世界觀必然在他的言行中表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。（4）在介詞but, except,besides之前如有動(dòng)詞do的任一形式，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不用to。如：Last evening I did nothing but repair my farm tools.  昨晚上我除了修理農(nóng)具外，沒(méi)有做其它的事情。Now there was nothing he could do except admit defeat.   現(xiàn)在他只有認(rèn)輸。What else do

80、 you like to do besides swim?（5）如but 之前沒(méi)有do，其后的不定式則一般要加to。如：Im afraid we have no choice but to take a taxi.  恐怕我們別無(wú)選擇，只好乘出租車(chē)了。They desired nothing but to succeed.   他們只想成功。（6）在出現(xiàn)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)，后面的不定式符號(hào)to可省略。如：I really dont know what to say and do.   我真的不知道該說(shuō)什么，該干什么。Can you help me to call him and ask him