如何設(shè)計創(chuàng)意寫作活動？

1、如何設(shè)計創(chuàng)意寫作活動?（545閱讀文本）有別于傳統(tǒng)的寫作任務(wù)，創(chuàng)意寫作通常不限制寫作內(nèi)容與形式， 也可以不限 制文體與字?jǐn)?shù)，不規(guī)定具體內(nèi)容。這種寫作活動鼓勵學(xué)生發(fā)揮想象力。 學(xué)生寫完 后的教師評價與小組互評多以鼓勵肯定為主，目的在于讓學(xué)生體驗寫作樂趣，樹立信心，形成良性循環(huán)。將創(chuàng)意寫作活動融入課堂可以克服平時寫作訓(xùn)練形式單 一的缺點，增強學(xué)生寫作熱情與信心，發(fā)展思維能力與培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新意識。以下案例是某校老師設(shè)計的創(chuàng)意寫作活動， 教學(xué)目標(biāo)是讓學(xué)生能夠結(jié)合已學(xué) 的句子和段落方面的知識，在篇章寫作中合理運用修辭手法，使得傳統(tǒng)的敘事寫 作變得富有活力和創(chuàng)造力。作文主題是 Friendship。大家邊看邊思

2、考一下創(chuàng)意寫 作訓(xùn)練可以有哪些階段。步驟教師學(xué)生1.引導(dǎo)寫作階段1. 首先播放一段友誼地久天長 的音樂，引入 Friendship的話題。2. 舉馬克思與格斯之間友誼為例子。3. 分享自己的故事，談自己關(guān)于友誼 的感受，并且將口述中的部分句子寫到 黑板上。4. 讓學(xué)生們思考：關(guān)于友誼你想到了 什么？你有什么樣的故事？5. 讓學(xué)生們拿出紙條，寫出自己的友 誼故事，談?wù)勛约旱母惺堋?. 對學(xué)生們所寫的內(nèi)容進行簡短的評 講，展示學(xué)生所寫的優(yōu)秀作文。1. 聆聽音樂，了解本單兀的主題。2. 聽老師講述關(guān)于馬克思 與恩格斯之間的友誼和他 們的友誼帶來的影響。3. 聽老師分享自己的故 事，注意到老師在黑板上

3、 寫下的句子。4. 分組討論老師提出的問 題。5. 在紙條上寫下自己的友 誼故事，并且組內(nèi)談?wù)勛?己的感受，然后交給老師。6. 認(rèn)真聽老師的評講。對 優(yōu)秀同學(xué)作品進行品讀。2.寫作思維拓展階段1. 讓學(xué)生們分組討論。思考問題：一 篇關(guān)于友誼的優(yōu)秀文章，需要寫一些什 么內(nèi)容呢？2. 每個小組派一個代表進行發(fā)言。3. 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生們總結(jié)觀點。4. 給出一篇友誼話題下的文章，每一 段都有開頭，要求進行補全和續(xù)寫。1. 分組討論，思考老師提 出的問題。2. 小組派代表發(fā)言。3. 老師一起總結(jié)。4. 根據(jù)文章每一段的開頭 進行補全和續(xù)寫。3.自由寫作階段1.讓學(xué)生們討論，口述分享自己的友1.與同學(xué)分享自己的

4、故事誼故事和友情帶給自己的影響。2. 進行關(guān)于友誼的自由寫作。3. 適時給出寫作指導(dǎo)。和友情帶給自己的影響。2. 進行寫作。3. 有疑問及時向老師請 教。4.互評和展示 階段1. 小組長協(xié)助組內(nèi)作文的展示。2. 互相交流和評改。1. 小組內(nèi)作文展示。2. 交流與評改。以上設(shè)計屬于從有控制的寫作到創(chuàng)意寫作的過渡訓(xùn)練。創(chuàng)意寫作訓(xùn)練大致可 分成三個階段進行：第一階段：基本應(yīng)用能力養(yǎng)成。學(xué)生搜集、積累英語詞語與語塊及其使用語境并盡可能多進行運用。除全新創(chuàng)作，還可以有改寫續(xù)寫等任務(wù)，以鼓勵學(xué)生多寫為主。少糾錯，以培養(yǎng)寫作興 趣，提高表達欲望，以教師指導(dǎo)、小組互動和班級欣賞分享為主。第二階段：創(chuàng)意思維發(fā)展

5、。結(jié)合潛能激發(fā)的活動形式，鼓勵學(xué)生發(fā)展創(chuàng)意思維，用語言創(chuàng)作各種文體，各種題材體裁的作品，進行大膽嘗試。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生多讀名篇名作，開拓自己的思維 并不限于模仿，不僅鼓勵學(xué)生活用詞匯和語塊，還兼顧創(chuàng)新思維訓(xùn)練，提升學(xué)生 的創(chuàng)造性思維。還可以開始小組互評，提出意見與建議，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過合作方式 完成寫作任務(wù)。第三階段：自由創(chuàng)作階段。脫離單元詞匯和語塊的限制與束縛，引入學(xué)科內(nèi)或甚至跨學(xué)科的創(chuàng)意寫作，詩歌寫作，聽歌寫故事。看圖寫話，由一句話、一段話，一篇文章展開聯(lián)想，發(fā) 表評論、編寫故事等。在介紹完創(chuàng)意寫作的培養(yǎng)有哪些可循的階段后，我們來看看創(chuàng)意寫作設(shè)計的 例子。案例一為小學(xué)創(chuàng)意寫作任務(wù)，案例二為高中創(chuàng)意寫作

6、設(shè)計。案例一： Zoom had a dream .In the dream, he went to the space by a spaceship. Who did he meet there? What did he do? . Use your imagination and write down your interesting story.案例一是適合小學(xué)六年級學(xué)生的寫作題目，是在學(xué)完了Fable Story這一主題后的一項創(chuàng)作測評活動設(shè)計。兩幅圖給學(xué)生提供了想象的場景，圖1呈現(xiàn)乘坐 太空飛船出發(fā)到太空情景。這是一個充滿現(xiàn)代感的想法，孩子們可以充分利用現(xiàn) 代技術(shù)素養(yǎng)和想象力進行創(chuàng)造

7、。圖2呈現(xiàn)了太空中遇到中國古代傳說中的嫦娥和 兔子的情景，給學(xué)生一個更加寬闊的想象空間。圖1和圖2這種現(xiàn)代和古代的結(jié) 合，可以引發(fā)學(xué)生進行想象和發(fā)揮。 該寫作任務(wù)能注意到將語言知識學(xué)習(xí)、 文化 內(nèi)涵理解、語言技能發(fā)展和學(xué)習(xí)策略運用等融合在學(xué)習(xí)理解、應(yīng)用實踐和遷移創(chuàng)新等三類相互關(guān)聯(lián)的語言與思維活動中，體現(xiàn)了核心素養(yǎng)下的測評要求。創(chuàng)意的寫作在高中階段可以采取什么形式進行設(shè)計更為合理，也更能體現(xiàn)核心素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng)要求呢？請看案例二：讀寫結(jié)合任務(wù)：要求學(xué)生閱讀文章后完成寫作（本例附有兩個設(shè)計）閱讀原文:A Couch PotatoForty-three-year-old Brian Blakey from

8、 Birmingham is sitting on his sofa and telling me about his perfect day.“ WhenI wake up I don' g et up immediately. I turn on the television and watch the children' s programs and old movies until about h-aMast ten. Then I get up, go downstairs andswitch on the TV in the liv ing room. For lu

9、n ch, I have biscuits and a glass of milk, and I watch the n ews.In the afternoon, I often watch another old film they ' re showing some good ones at the'clock. I nemome nt. I n the evenin gs, I ofte n watch TV series or sport and the n ews aga in. I like the main news at six o' clock. A

10、t nine thirty, if there is a good play on BBC 2, I switch over and watch it.Then at ni ght, I watch more films and I usually switch off the TV at about two o watch TV all ni ght. I watch TV for sixtee n or seve ntee n hours a day.s not here now becaus't got much money, you know, but've got t

11、he world at yourI also do some exercise every day. I take Tina, the dog, for a walk every after noon. I don go far, of course. I walk to the wall outside my house. I always take my portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle.Of course, I couldn ' t live this lif

12、estyle without a good wife. Sheshe ' s working, but she always makes my meals. We havenwe' re happy. Sit down and watch TV. Here ' s the remote control. You feet. And in your hand. Great!”A workaholicThirty-six-year-old Bob Black is sitting at his desk and working his way through his pap

13、erwork."I no rmally wake up about five minu tes before my alarm clock goes off. As soon as I hear my alarm clock, I jump out of my bed. It takes me less than fifteen minutes to wash, get cha nged, have breakfast, leave home and get on a bus. I am always the first pers on to get to the office.Th

14、e mornings are always very busy and the after noons are even busier! Meeti ngs and phone calls take up a large part of the day. Every min ute of the day is filled with urge nt matters. By around eight o ' clock, I usually find some time to do my own paperwork and answer some pers onal e-mails.my

15、 wife andWhen I get home at about ten, I look at some docume nts that I bring back from the office so that I can be ready for the next day' s work. I get to bed around midnight whenchildren are already asleep. I seldom have time for fun and other activities with my family. My family complains ab

16、out it. But I try to work hard so that I can make more money for them. Besides, I get bored if there' s nothing to do. I like being busy.” 寫作任務(wù)設(shè)計原稿：After reading the article, write a passage based on this question: Which lifestyle do you prefer, Brian ' s or Bob ' s? Why? Write about 100

17、 words.寫作任務(wù)設(shè)計修改稿：What kind of lifestyle do you prefer? Please write a passage to describe it. Your writing may include what you would like to do, where you would like to stay, how you would spend your time on different things every year, etc. Write in any forms or as long as you like, but remember t

18、o connect things logically. After you finish writing, share it with several of your classmates and ask for their advice for improvi ng your writi ng.原稿跟平?？荚嚨淖魑姆绞筋愃?，容易讓學(xué)生失去寫作的動力和熱情。修改 稿屬于創(chuàng)意性寫作任務(wù)，不限篇幅與體裁，學(xué)生既可以長篇大論，也可以三兩句 話表達清楚，讓學(xué)生自由創(chuàng)作，根據(jù)他們的實際水平發(fā)揮他們的主觀能動性， 提 升寫作熱情，激發(fā)創(chuàng)造?？偟膩碚f，設(shè)計創(chuàng)意寫作和指導(dǎo)創(chuàng)意寫作時可注意以下問題：1. 既扎根生活又解