unit復習材料

1、Unit 72Active reading 1: ResourcesDifficult sentence 1So badness is much better represented as being on a spectrum rather than something which is there or not there.Trans所以我們更應該把事情的好壞看成是一個程度的問題，而不是非好所以我們更應該把事情的好壞看成是一個程度的問題，而不是非好即壞。即壞。spectrum: n. the whole range of ideas, qualities and situations, e

2、tc. that are possible 范圍，幅度 e.g. wide/broad spectrum: 廣泛的范圍 the parties at the centre of the political spectrum 處于政治活動核心的黨派AnalsActive reading 1: ResourcesDifficult sentence 2It may take less an hour to flood the house, but this one bad event can remain alive and kicking for many months, with the cl

3、eaning up operation and the debate with your insurers acting as constant reminders of the original event. (Para 7)Analswithacting as: with 所引導的伴隨狀語the cleaning up operation: the activity to make rooms clean 打掃，清掃serve/act as reminders: act as something that reminds you of 作為提醒記憶之物Trans也許不到一個小時你的家就變成

4、了一片汪洋，而在接下來的幾個月也許不到一個小時你的家就變成了一片汪洋，而在接下來的幾個月里，里，你的腦子都會不停地想起這樁倒霉事，因為你要把房子清理干凈，還要你的腦子都會不停地想起這樁倒霉事，因為你要把房子清理干凈，還要和保險公司就賠償問題討價還價，這些都會讓你不斷地想起這件事。和保險公司就賠償問題討價還價，這些都會讓你不斷地想起這件事。Active reading 1: ResourcesDifficult sentence 3The longer the first bad event sticks in the front of your mind, the more opportuni

5、ties you will have to experience two more bad events. (Para 8) AnalsTransstick in the mind/memory: not to forget it easily 銘記在心，歷久難忘the more + adj./n. + 其它，the more + adj./n. + 其它: e.g. The more fruit and vegetables you eat, the less chance you have of getting cancer. 吃的水果、蔬菜越多，得癌癥的可能性就越小。第一件倒霉事困擾你的

6、時間越長，你再遇到兩件倒霉事的機率就越大。第一件倒霉事困擾你的時間越長，你再遇到兩件倒霉事的機率就越大。Active reading 1: ResourcesDifficult sentence 4This means that finding the precise route becomes a chore of flicking backwards and forwards from one page to the next. (Para 12) 這意味著要找一條精確的路線，你就必須從這一頁翻到下一頁，不停這意味著要找一條精確的路線，你就必須從這一頁翻到下一頁，不停地翻來翻去，很是麻煩。

7、地翻來翻去，很是麻煩。 chore: n. an ordinary job that must be done regularly 日?，嵤?flick: v. to make something move quickly and suddenly, especially with a quick movement of the hand (尤指收迅速地)彈、拂、掠、擲 n. a sudden quick movement 輕拂、輕彈、輕投e.g. have a flick through something 快速翻閱某物 flick through 快速地翻閱AnalsTransActive

8、 reading 1: ResourcesDifficult sentence 5If you encounter six traffic lights on a journey, then you are no more likely to escape a red light than you are to toss six consecutive heads, the chance of which is 1 in 64. (Para 16, the last sentence) 如果在路上碰上六個紅綠燈，全部是綠燈就和扔硬幣連續(xù)六次都是人頭如果在路上碰上六個紅綠燈，全部是綠燈就和扔硬幣

9、連續(xù)六次都是人頭朝上的概率是一樣的，為六十四分之一。朝上的概率是一樣的，為六十四分之一。 no more + adj. + than: 與一樣不e.g. The notion that the extraterrestrial life is no more advanced than us reflects a human conceit. 認為外星人和我們一樣不發(fā)達的想法反映了人類的自欺欺人。 to toss six consecutive heads: 連續(xù)拋擲出六次人頭朝上 consecutive: adj. following one after another in order a

10、nd with nothing else in between 連續(xù)的e.g. Most staff work for 12 consecutive days and then have 3 days off. 大多數的員工連續(xù)工作12天，然后休3天假。AnalsTransActive reading 1: ResourcesWords to noteNew Words Phrases 1.neutral2.marginally3.duration 4.subsequent 5.vulnerable 6.adjacent 7.overlap8.duplicate9.frequency10.de

11、privation alive and kickingbe bound tocrop upActive reading 1: Resourcesneutral adj.adj. neither positive nor negative 中立的，中性的中立的，中性的Translate the following sentences.1. The security of all of southeast Asia will be endangered if Laos loses its neutral independence. 如果老撾失去了它中立立場，整個東南亞的安全將受到威如果老撾失去了它

12、中立立場，整個東南亞的安全將受到威脅。脅。 2.尼克松的復信采取了一種中立的方針。尼克松的復信采取了一種中立的方針。 The message from Nixon steered a neutral course. MoreActive reading 1: ResourcesIdentify the meaning of collocations.remain neutral neutrala neutralcountryneutral reactionimpartialon neutral groundneutralunbiased objectivemiddle-of-the-road中

13、性反應站在中間立場上保持中立中立國Identify more expressions similar to “neutral”. Active reading 1: Resourcesduration adj.n. the period of time during which something continues to happen or exist 持續(xù)期間持續(xù)期間Complete the sentences.1. Disease resulting from stress is related to the_ of stress.逆境帶來的疾病，同逆境的嚴重程度和歷時長短有關。 2.

14、Periodic crises wrack the capitalist system, and they grow in _.周期性的危機破壞著資本主義制度，這種危機的規(guī)模在擴大，時間在延長。 severity and durationsize and durationActive reading 1: Resourcessubsequent adj.adj. happening or coming after something else 隨后，繼之后Translate the following sentences.1.兩位首腦在這次會談后所建立的和諧關系幫助了交接工作的進行。 The

15、subsequent rapport between the two principals assisted the transition process. 2.This information should be used to strategize about the approach to take in subsequent interviews. 這些信息應該用來為后續(xù)訪談中將采用的方法制定策略。 marginally adv.adv. by only a very small amount 少量的Replace the underlined parts with “marginal

16、ly”.Active reading 1: Resources1. The measures can only_, not eliminate the hazards. 這些這些措施也只是在一定程度上減少、而不是消除了危險性。措施也只是在一定程度上減少、而不是消除了危險性。2. As for the training company, their costs _ _ but the profits shot up by many folds. 對培訓公司來說，雖然成本有所上升，但利潤卻對培訓公司來說，雖然成本有所上升，但利潤卻成倍增長。成倍增長。 marginally reducewent u

17、pmarginallyMoreActive reading 1: ResourcesA marginal business盈利甚微的企業(yè)marginalMarginal notes 旁注Marginal culture邊緣文化Marginal base邊緣盆地States marginal to Canada 靠近加拿大的州Marginal people 邊民A marginal existence勉強維生Marginal sea 邊緣海Identify the following collocations about “marginal”.Active reading 1: Resource

18、svulnerable adj.adj. weak or easy to hurt physically or mentally 脆弱的，脆弱的， 易受傷的易受傷的Identify the context-dependent uses of “vulnerable”.vulnerable groupsa vulnerable point in NATOs defencesbe vulnerable to temptationa country vulnerable to natural disastera docile and vulnerable person易受誘惑的弱勢群體經常遭受自然災

19、害的國家感覺脆弱和消沉北大西洋公約的薄弱之處性格溫順和脆弱的人 feeling vulnerable and depressedActive reading 1: Resourcesadjacent adj. adj. next to or near something else 毗鄰的，連接的毗鄰的，連接的 Convert the following expressions to “adjacent” and appropriate forms of “adjacent”.1. Neighbouring towns 鄰近城鎮(zhèn)鄰近城鎮(zhèn)2. Lands near to the mountains

20、 鄰近山脈的地段鄰近山脈的地段3. contiguity, the state of being neighbouring 毗鄰毗鄰( (的狀態(tài)的狀態(tài)) )adjacent townslands adjacent to the mountainsadjacencyclickclickclickduplicate v.v. make copy of something 復制Translate the following sentences.1. The basic goal of procedures section in research paper writing is to allow r

21、eaders to duplicate the experiment either to confirm or to refute it.研究報告的程序部分的基本目標是允許讀者復制整個試驗以便證實或研究報告的程序部分的基本目標是允許讀者復制整個試驗以便證實或反駁該實驗。反駁該實驗。2. 該系統(tǒng)幫助我們復制信息，使得原件與復制文件都保留在同樣的存儲該系統(tǒng)幫助我們復制信息，使得原件與復制文件都保留在同樣的存儲媒體中。媒體中。The system aids us to duplicate information so that both the original and the duplicate

22、are held on similar storage media.Active reading 1: ResourcesMore1. He duplicated his fathers failure. 他重蹈父親的覆轍。他重蹈父親的覆轍。2. A duplicate sample 復樣復樣3. Usually we ask for a draft in duplicate. 我們通常要求草圖一我們通常要求草圖一式兩份。式兩份。4. The system contains no duplicate code, unless that would violate the principle.

23、這個系統(tǒng)不包含重復的代碼，否則就會這個系統(tǒng)不包含重復的代碼，否則就會違反原則。違反原則。5. Workers in AI hope to imitate or duplicate intelligence in computers and robots. 人工智能的工作人員希望能讓機器人人工智能的工作人員希望能讓機器人有智力。有智力。Active reading 1: ResourcesIdentify the parts of speech of “duplicate”.duplicate vt. 復制，重復 adj. 重復的，抄存的 n. 復制品 ，副本，抄件，復件vt.Analsvt.A

24、nalsadj.Analsn.Analsadj.AnalsMoreIdentify the differences of following synonyms.Active reading 1: ResourcesDuplicate: 一模一樣可替代原件的復制品Copy：指精確的或不精確的復制品Model: 可指按某物式樣制造、按比例縮小的模型，也可指某物未制成之前做出的模型。 Reproduction: 批按原物復制的產品，著重復制品與原物相似 DuplicateReproductionCopyModelActive reading 1: Resourcesfrequency n.n. Th

25、e number of times that something happens during a period of time 頻度頻度Translate the following sentences.1.1.事故正在愈加頻繁地發(fā)生。事故正在愈加頻繁地發(fā)生。 Accidents are happening with increasing frequency. 2.Their frequency of use both justifies and requires the memorization. 頻繁的使用需要記憶，也促進了記憶。頻繁的使用需要記憶，也促進了記憶。 MoreIdentif

26、y the meaning of collocations.Active reading 1: Resourcesthe relative frequency of occurrancefrequencyhigh/low/medium frequencyradar frequencyfrequency measurement雷達頻率頻率測量事物發(fā)生的相對頻率高/低/中頻率overlap v.Translate the following sentences.1. Obviously, the two sets of policies overlap and can complement eac

27、h other.顯然，兩套政策有互相重復的地方，也可以互相補充。 2. Our concern and theirs substantially overlap.我們的利害關系和他們的大致相合。 Active reading 1: ResourcesMorev. The edge of one fits over the edge of the other 重疊、互搭 convergence, intersection, lap coincidence, conjunction, crossroadActive reading 1: Resources1. 1. 重疊，重合重疊，重合(n.)(

28、n.)2.2.重疊，重合重疊，重合(v.)(v.)Identifying the similar expressions to “overlap”.extend over extend overcoincide (partially or wholy)imbricatecooccurdeprivation n. n. a situation in which you do not have something that you need or want 剝奪、喪失剝奪、喪失Compare the following two sentences and decide different func

29、tions. 1. He is likely to be deprived of office by his boss. 2. Deprivation of office is hanging over his head.Active reading 1: Resources被動語句，客觀性地介紹他被解職的可能性。Anals(1) deprivation of office為句子的出發(fā)點，而施動者、即為句子的出發(fā)點，而施動者、即開除他的人被忽略。開除他的人被忽略。(2) Hanging over his head 為synecdoche( (提喻提喻) )，形，形象生動地再現了即將被解職的場景

30、。象生動地再現了即將被解職的場景。AnalsActive reading 1: Resourcesalive and kicking still existing, not gone or forgotten 還存在的，不被忘記的Debate the following topic.Traditional values are still alive and kicking in current society.1. Traditional values are the basis of our ethics.2. Traditional values have been proved to

31、the truest in history.3. Traditional values are what we cherish so much and still exert their influence on a highly developed society.Yes1. Most traditional values are out-dated.2. Some traditional values even turn to be obstacles for the social progress.3. Our society calls for new moral values.NoA

32、ctive reading 1: Resourcesbe bound to to almost certainly happen 一定的，幾乎肯定的一定的，幾乎肯定的Appreciate the following paragraph which is taken from Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream.The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many

33、 of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. 這場席卷黑人社區(qū)的新的斗爭精神不應該導致對白人的不信任。正如今天這場席卷黑人社區(qū)的新的斗爭精神不應該導致對白人的不信任。正如今天許多白人兄弟的到場所證明的那樣，他們已經認識到：他們的命運和我們許多白人兄弟的到場所證明的

34、那樣，他們已經認識到：他們的命運和我們的命運緊密相連，他們的自由已無法和我們的自由分開。的命運緊密相連，他們的自由已無法和我們的自由分開。crop up to appear or happen suddenly or unexpectedly 突然發(fā)生突然發(fā)生Translate the following sentences.1. Intriguingly, similar ideas crop up in mainstream theories. 有趣的是，類似的想法在主流理論之中已然出現。有趣的是，類似的想法在主流理論之中已然出現。2.她萬萬沒有想到會突然出現一種新的可能性。她萬萬沒有想到

35、會突然出現一種新的可能性。It had never occurred to her that a new possibility would crop up abruptly. Active reading 1: ResourcesUseful expressionsActive reading 2: ResourcesMore1.在公休日1. on bank holidays2.壞事成三2. Bad things always happens in threes. 3.經得起任何科學試驗的檢驗3. stant the scrutiny of any scientific study4.稍稍有

36、些不好4. marginally bad5.糟糕透頂5. extremely bad6.在一定范圍內6. on a spectrum 7.持續(xù)的提醒者7. a constant reminder8.困擾在腦海里8. stick in the front of the mindUseful expressionsActive reading 2: Resources9.兩個月的跨度9. two month timescale10.延長時間跨度10. extend the timescale11.正式最初的預言11. confirm the original prophecy12.壞事扎堆12.

37、Bad events cluster together. 13.心情抑郁13. suffer depression14.降低身體的抵抗力14. lower the bodys defences 15.使人容易生病15. make sb. vulnerable to illness16.使人反應不像以前靈敏16. make sb. less alert and responsive MoreUseful expressionsActive reading 2: Resources17.翻來翻去的麻煩事17. a chore of flicking backwards and forwards18

38、.全國地形測量局的地圖18. an ordnance survey19.陰影區(qū)域19. in the shaded area20.尷尬的位置20. in an awkward position21.詛咒自己倒霉21. curse your misfortune22.允許鄰近的頁碼有重復22. allow overlaps between adjacent map pages23.選擇性記憶23. selective memory24.擲錢幣24. toss a coin25.在一會兒的時間理強迫自己費力和承受壓力25. a moment of exertion and stressDiffic

39、ult sentence 1 embed: v. to make sth. an important part of sth. else 使成為重要的部分使成為重要的部分, ,使融入使融入e.g. Traces of earlier ways of life are embedded in modern society. 早期生活方式的痕跡已融入到現代社會中。早期生活方式的痕跡已融入到現代社會中。genome: n. a complete set of genes of an organism 基因組基因組evolutionary: adj. connected with gradual pr

40、ocess of change or development 發(fā)展的，演變的發(fā)展的，演變的音樂深深植根于人類的基因之中。在進化史中，它比人類的口頭語言的起源要古老得多。音樂深深植根于人類的基因之中。在進化史中，它比人類的口頭語言的起源要古老得多。AnalsTransActive reading 2: ResourcesMusicality is deeply embedded in the human genome, with far more ancient evolutionary roots than spoken language. (Para1)Difficult sentence

41、2AnalsTransActive reading 2: ResourcesMoreWith the help of functional MRI he had begun to identify which areas of the brain are recruited when we engage with music appear to be specialized for processing music. (Para 2) recruit: v. to get someone to help 找找?guī)兔兔?specialize: v. to concentrate on a par

42、ticular activity. 專門從事于專門從事于 e.g. a travel company specializing in European tours functional MRI: functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, a scanner which detects amounts and whereabouts of brain activity 功能磁共振成像那時候他已經開始用功能磁共振成像來確定人在從事音樂活動時大腦中被那時候他已經開始用功能磁共振成像來確定人在從事音樂活動時大腦中被 調動起來調動起來的區(qū)域。這些區(qū)域中有一些顯然既在音

43、樂活動也在其他活動中起作用的區(qū)域。這些區(qū)域中有一些顯然既在音樂活動也在其他活動中起作用, ,而另些，比如顳而另些，比如顳葉中顳上回的前部，似乎是專門用于處理音樂的。葉中顳上回的前部，似乎是專門用于處理音樂的。Difficult sentence 2Active reading 2: ResourcesPlanum polareDifficult sentence 3AnalsTranswell-being n. the satisfactory state that involves sth. happy, healthy and safe and having enough money. 幸

44、幸福、安康、富裕福、安康、富裕 e.g. a sense of well-being 幸福感幸福感bonding: n. the development of a special close relationship between people 親密關系的形成親密關系的形成 e.g. the bonding between mother and baby social bonding: 社會交往社會交往 唱歌是通過社會交往增加幸福感的一種方式。唱歌是通過社會交往增加幸福感的一種方式。Active reading 2: ResourcesSinging is a means for achie

45、ving well-being through social bonding. (Para 1)Difficult sentence 4此句中有兩個that所引導的賓語從句。第一個賓語從句包含了一個以not only 置于句首的倒裝句，正常次序應為：there had been significant changese.g. Not only did they bring snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. 他們不僅帶了快餐和

46、飲料，還帶了牌以供在樹林中野炊時娛樂。他們不僅帶了快餐和飲料，還帶了牌以供在樹林中野炊時娛樂。當拉里告訴我大腦活動不僅發(fā)生了明顯改變，而且這種變化完全符合他對大腦在音樂當拉里告訴我大腦活動不僅發(fā)生了明顯改變，而且這種變化完全符合他對大腦在音樂活動中所起作用的理解時，我很吃驚?；顒又兴鹱饔玫睦斫鈺r，我很吃驚。AnalsTransActive reading 2: ResourcesI was surprised when Larry told me that not only had there been significant changes in my brain activity, bu

47、t that these fitted with his understanding of how the brain supports musical performance. (Para 6)Difficult sentence 5 pitch: the quality of sound we speak of in terms of high and low 音高音高 tone: n. the fixed vibration of the vocal cords producing a pleasing sound 音調音調 dynamics: n. volume and style o

48、f a sound 力度力度 mystify: v. make sb. unable to understand or explain 使無法理解，使困惑不解使無法理解，使困惑不解知道了唱歌是多么不容易知道了唱歌是多么不容易要舉重若輕地把音高、音色、音調、力要舉重若輕地把音高、音色、音調、力度都掌握好度都掌握好我現在更加感到疑惑，人類為什么會進化出這樣一種我現在更加感到疑惑，人類為什么會進化出這樣一種神奇的能力？神奇的能力？AnalsTransActive reading 2: ResourcesBy understanding just how difficult it is to sing

49、-to simultaneously and unconsciously manage pitch as to why humans have evolved such an amazing ability. (Para 7)Words to note Phrases 1. literally2. entitle3. evidently4. sustain5. substract6. frustrate7. venture1. turn off 2. blend intoNew WordsActive reading 2: Resourcesliterally adv.Situational

50、question and answer.S1: His original dream, however, modified by circumstances, had _. 他原來的夢想，無論受到環(huán)境如何地限制，總算真正實現了。 Use other words to replace “l(fā)iterally” in S1. adv. Used for showing what you are saying is really true 確實地，真正地確實地，真正地Active reading 2: Resourcesfactually, exactly, virtuallyliterally be

51、en fulfilledliterallyUsages1. Used to describe sth. in an extreme way that cannot be true 簡直簡直照字面照字面意思地意思地2. In the most basic, obvious meanings of the words that are usedIdentify the meanings of “l(fā)iterally” in the following situations.2. Now there are literally more than 3000 companies using our so

52、ftware.3. Children take things literally when they hear them from a teacher. Active reading 2: Resources1. He literally flew into the classroom.click簡直簡直click確實地確實地click照字面意思地照字面意思地entitle v. v. (often passive voice) to give a title to a book, poem, or piece of music 給給題名題名(often passive voice) to g

53、ive sb. the right to do sth. 給給某種權利某種權利/ /資格資格Active reading 2: Resources值得表揚值得表揚被尊稱為殿下被尊稱為殿下年齡和經驗使老年人年齡和經驗使老年人贏得年輕人的尊重。贏得年輕人的尊重。你的資格使他們可以獲你的資格使他們可以獲得較高的薪水。得較高的薪水。be entitled to praiseThe age and experience entitle old people the respect from the young.Your qualifications entitle you to a higher sal

54、ary.be entitled “Your Highness”evidently adv.adv. Used for saying that sth. is obviously 顯然，顯然， 明顯明顯 Discuss the following issue and proposal.Issue: Evidently there is a close connection between peoples perception of bad luck and interesting coincidence. (See para2, Active reading 1)You may begin yo

55、ur discussion with “ As far as I am concerned, the issue of bad luck”Active reading 2: ResourcesMoreevidently1. On a spectrum rather than something which is there or not there2. The duration and memorability of the first event3. Probability and independenceAgreeActive reading 2: ResourcesDisagreeMat

56、hematical elements Psychological elementssustain v. v. to provide conditions in which something can happen or exist 維持，保持維持，保持Active reading 2: Resources Translate the following sentence into English. 持續(xù)的冷戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)不可能繼續(xù)維持下去。持續(xù)的冷戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)不可能繼續(xù)維持下去。 1. A permanent state of cold war was impossible to sustain.2. It

57、 is impossible to sustain a permanent state of cold war. Identify the functions of “sustain” in the above examples. 例例1 1 sustain沉降到句末，而a permanent state of cold war作為 主語突前,顯示為句子的出發(fā)點。例例2 2 sustain為實際上的主語，顯示為句子的出發(fā)點。MoresustainIdentify the context-dependent meaning of “explosion”.To sustain heavy loss

58、essustainTo sustain life蒙受巨大損失蒙受巨大損失To sustain ones effort繼續(xù)努力繼續(xù)努力To sustain a decision維持生命維持生命支持某一個決定支持某一個決定Active reading 2: Resourcessubtract v.v. To take a number or amount from another number or amount 減去減去Active reading 2: Resources Translate the following sentences. 1. 九減去三等于六。九減去三等于六。 2. If

59、you want to make it speed up or slow down you have to add or subtract just enough energy. clickIf you subtract 3 from 9 you will get 6. click如果你要使它加快或減慢就必須把能量增加或減少到恰如果你要使它加快或減慢就必須把能量增加或減少到恰到好處。到好處。frustrate v. v. to make sb. feel annoyed and impatient by preventing them from doing or getting sth. 阻撓

60、、阻撓、使煩惱、使灰心使煩惱、使灰心Identify the context-dependent uses of “frustrate”.1. To frustrate the plans of ones enemy 2. Giving the child problems he cant solve will only frustrate him. Active reading 2: Resources使沮喪使沮喪挫敗挫敗MoreSelf-test: Fill in the blanks of the appropriate words. (1) They made preparations