[全套]初中英語中考復(fù)習(xí)資料(超全語法、詞組、句型、作文及知識點大全)

1、第二篇 句法一、 主 要 句 式 (一) 知識概要數(shù)如： Someone is waiting for you在并列句中表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的連詞有： and not only but also，neither nor，either or 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞有： but 和 yet， 如： She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam. 又如： I think the news is strange, yet it

2、is true 表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞有：or， either or，如： Hurry up, or you will be late for school 表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有： for， so 如： They studied very hard， so they all passed the exam在初中范圍復(fù)合句中主要有狀語從句和賓語從句(名詞性從句)兩種，而定語從句(形容詞性從句)要在高中講述，為了使同學(xué)閱讀文章方便，我們將在下面另一章予以介紹。我們首先來看賓語從句。在及物動詞的后面可以接一個名詞來充當(dāng)賓語，如： I knew the man, 而這時也可以用一個句子來充當(dāng)賓語，如：

3、 I knew that he was a good man 這時賓語從句的連接詞有 that, (that 只在從句中起聯(lián)接作用，不在句中充當(dāng)語法成分，既不是主語也不是賓語，所以在口語中常常被省略。如： I am sure (that) she has passed the exam if, whether 它們在賓語從句中只起連接作用，不起語法作用，當(dāng)作是否講。從句中有 or not 結(jié)構(gòu)時，要用 whether, 如： I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch o

4、r not what 它在賓語從句中除了作連接詞外，還要作主語或賓語成份，如： I don't understand what you said (what 作 said 的賓語)。又如： I asked him what made him sick (what 在賓語從句中作主語)。who，它也和what一樣，在句中除作連接詞外，可以充當(dāng)句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for? whose 如： I want to know whose book this is? which 如： Do you know which book is mine?在連

5、接詞中還有4個常用的連接副詞，how 它的應(yīng)用最廣，如： how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old 。如： How much does it cost? when 它只是連接時間狀語，如： Please tell me when the meeting will begin? where 它連接地點狀語，如： Where are you from? why 它要連接的是原因狀語從句，如： The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school. 在考試中常見到的考點是：賓語從句的時態(tài)與主句時態(tài)

6、的呼應(yīng)問題。主句謂語動詞如果是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，賓語從句的時態(tài)可以是任何所需要的時態(tài)， 如： I know he didn't come. 我知道他沒來。 I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天來。I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去倫敦了。主句中的謂語動詞若是過去時，賓語從句也要用過去時態(tài)中的某一種。比如： 一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時。除了在表達(dá)宇宙中的客觀真理時，不能用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。如： I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me th

7、e earth moves around the sun狀語從句主要有時間狀語從句，其連接詞有：after， before， when， as， as soon as， until (till)， while， since， by其中較難掌握的有以下幾點：until (till) 直到，在用 until 表達(dá)時間狀語的句子中，主句中的動詞是要十分小心去選擇。如動詞是持續(xù)性動詞，它要用肯定句，如： I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night. 如果動詞是瞬間截止性動詞，則要用否定句，如： He didn't go to bed until

8、 his mother came back 由since， for， by， before 來引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。 since 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語是動作的開始時間，如： I have studied English since 而由 by 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語通常是動作的結(jié)束時間，如： I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 則多用于完成時， ago 則多用于一般過去時，如： He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two

9、years ago 在狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時表示將來。它們可能是主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，如： If it rains, they won't go to the parkon Sunday 也可以主句是一般過去時，從句用一般過去進行時，如： He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考試中常見的考點有：要學(xué)生區(qū)別是條件、時間狀語從句還是賓語從句，因在賓語從句中該用什么時態(tài)用什么時態(tài)，如： I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在賓

10、語從句中的條件狀語從句與主句的關(guān)系，如： I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow在原因狀語從句中主要是because， 應(yīng)譯為"因為"。它表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系最強，如： He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard since 應(yīng)譯為"既然"，如： Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk as 應(yīng)譯為"由于"，如： As

11、 it is too hot we'd better go swimming since 與 as 所表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)比 because 弱得多。而 for 表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系最弱。它不能用于句首，如： He studies hard, for he wants to go to college在比較狀語從句中有同級比較 as as， 如： This book is as good as that one 要注意的有兩點：as as 中間要用原級而不是比較級。用形容詞還是副詞，如： Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句為 not as (so) as，

12、 如： They didn't work so hard as we did, 而不同級比較用比較級加 than, 如： He is younger than I am 要注意的是表示"越來越"這一概念時有兩個句型：比較級and比較級，如： The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful 定冠詞 the 比較級 the 比較級，如： The harder you study, the more you can learn方式狀語中要注

13、意的是as (連詞)與 like (介詞)的區(qū)別。 as 作為連詞其后接從句，如： Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略，如： Please do it as I 而 like 是介詞，其后要接的是賓語，如： Please do it like me結(jié)果和目的狀語從句主要有 so that， so that， in order that等幾種用法。so that用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，so 形容詞 a 名詞 that，如： She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such a 形容詞 名詞 tha

14、t, 如： She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her 在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前只能用 such， 如： It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如： They are such good players that they should win the game.在much， many， few， little 之前只能用so， 如： I have so little money that I can't buy it so that 之間只有形容詞時，則

15、不能用 such， 如： It is so good that I want to buy so that 其后接從句，如： I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus完形填空與閱讀（一）知識概要 完形填空是一種在語意封閉的情況下考察學(xué)生閱讀能力及掌握語言基礎(chǔ)知識能力的綜合性題目。學(xué)生應(yīng)根據(jù)語義完整、語法正確的原則進行通篇閱讀。借助文章的現(xiàn)成文字，通過邏輯思維，聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出可能的答案。然后再從所給選擇答案中逐空選出在通讀全文時腦海中已出現(xiàn)的答案填入空內(nèi)。試推想在小學(xué)五六年級時去讀"西游記"，"水滸

16、傳"，你也并非每個字都認(rèn)得，每句話都能真正理解。但你還是可以明了全文的意思，讀得有滋有味。這就是語言能力。所以完形填空考查的就是你能否在缺字，不認(rèn)得字、詞語的情況下，能否全面理解文章的正確意思，然后選入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語。在選擇后還要前后彼此呼應(yīng)反復(fù)驗證所選答案。有時答案一時不易驗證，不要急于順序填寫，可能在填出后面答案時，而得到前面的答案。有時則需運用所學(xué)的詞法、句法、時態(tài)和固定搭配等知識對4個選項進行分析，比較、排除干擾項，確定正確的答案。待答案全部選定后，一定要復(fù)讀全文以驗證：所選答案是否能使全文流暢，邏輯推理是否正確。具體實事是否成立，前后關(guān)系是否理順。語法是否正確，其中包括時態(tài)的選

17、擇、詞匯選擇、固定搭配等。在通讀全文時最好在可能的條件下將所選答案填入文章中，反復(fù)閱讀。而不要在文章空中只寫選項的代號，這樣影響全文的理解，不易找出錯誤之處。在做完形填空時，應(yīng)注意以下幾點：（）重視首句，首段的開篇啟示作用，讀懂了第一句，或第一段有可能預(yù)測到全篇大意。（）一定要顧及上下文間的語意聯(lián)系。在完形填空的設(shè)計中，一般是以語義為第一要素同時兼顧語法。有的4個選項單獨填入這個單句中全是正確的，但拿到文中從下文聯(lián)系起來看，則文理不通。為此要通篇考慮，顧及上下文的聯(lián)系是十分重要的。（）要堅持語意第一的原則，而語法應(yīng)放于第二位。完形填空形式上是一種單項選擇式的考察。但實質(zhì)上也是一種閱讀能力和學(xué)生

18、重建文意能力的考察。它一般是利用語法的正確性與內(nèi)容排斥性的矛盾而命題的。所給答案大都是離開上下文均可說得通的。但語意上辯析、排斥才能找到答案。例如：這里肯定需要一個動詞，所給答案也都是動詞，但只能從意義上考慮而選B項。（）要認(rèn)真注意細(xì)節(jié)，做到語法正確。一些答案在意義上講都是正確的，但從線索上看要找出語法正確的答案。如：（等。有些信息如作者的態(tài)度，事件的結(jié)論，中心思想，文章的標(biāo)題，則需通過文中線索，說明信息等等去分析推斷才能獲取。而這些說明性及內(nèi)隱性的信息正是閱讀理解的測試重點內(nèi)容。而其難點在于理解、推斷、得出結(jié)論時，應(yīng)從英語國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、語言習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、民族問題等方面來考慮，而不是僅從中

19、國人的語言習(xí)慣來作推論。這也是這方面的難點之一。從上文中看，信息的獲得不是直接的，而是必須通過整個文章的閱讀，理清人物關(guān)系，掌握中心思想，才能作出正確的判定。2閱讀理解的解題思路和方法閱讀理解的測試點是在通過由于閱讀所能夠獲取信息的能力上，所以解題思路的重點應(yīng)放在：(1) 通讀全文，了解文章的主題和大意；了解作者的寫作目的、對事件的態(tài)度上。 (2) 要注重文句間的相互關(guān)系。既注重主要情節(jié)又不可忽視細(xì)節(jié)。中考中閱讀命題很多情況下是對事件的某個細(xì)節(jié)而進行測試的。 (3) 特別注意首尾句在整個文章中的作用，以及它起到的啟示和結(jié)論性作用。 典型例句1.one +of + 形容詞最高級+ 名詞復(fù)數(shù)One

20、 of the biggest events in China in 2008 is that the earthquake happened in WenChuan.2. It"s our duty to do sthIt"s our duty to help them.3.As.as possibleWe shoud help them as much as possible.4.here be.Here are lots of things we can do.5.We shoud keep calm instead of being afraid.6.make +s

21、b+ 形容詞hard at school. We should learn all kinds of nowledge to make our motherland stronger, better and richer.                 健康問題（熱點）              

22、      健康問題是中考常考的話題，出題形式多樣，有必要下苦功掌握。典型例句1. It is very important to keep healthy。2. How can we keep healthy?3. We can"t go to sleep too late. We can"t get up too late。4. We should eat the food healthily。5. We should do more exercise。6. Last Tuesday I got a cold and h

23、ad a pain in my head。7. I didn"t feel like eating anything。8. I decided to see the doctor。9. In the doctor"s office, the doctor looks over me carefully。10. He said :"Nothing serious." And he told me to take a rest and drink more water。11. A nurse gave me an injection. It was a li

24、ttle painful。12. The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day。13. A few days later, I felt better. From then on I believe that keeping healthy is the most important thing in the world。ound10. We should not spit in a public place/  cut down the trees11. We should plant more flowers

25、 and trees。12. We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin13. If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful。15.Trees are very helpful and important for us. 17.We should plant 

26、;more and more trees in order to live better and more healthy in the future.  ts everyones duty to love and protect the environment.So I hope all the students in our class stop to use t

27、he plastic bags, and use our own cloth bags. I hope we can take care of our environment.Lets make our world more and more beautiful.語言學(xué)習(xí) （熱點）這是中考出項頻率最高的話題，其特點是難度相對較小，學(xué)生都有話可寫，但掌握一些基本句子和模仿范文對奪取高分非常必要。典型例句1. His name is Jack。2. He was born in London in 1982。3. He is 1.68 meters tall and weighs 52

28、kilos。4. He is 20 years old。5. He comes from England。6. He is a good ping-pong player。7. He is medium build。8. He has short hair。9. He is outgoing. Every one likes to talk with him. He gets on well with us。10. He teaches English very well。11. He works very hard. He works in No.5 Middle School。12. He

29、 loves watching football games after work。13. He often helps me with my English。14. At the age of six, he began to play table tennis。10. We bought a lot of things. The clothes here are good and cheap。新生事物評價（熱點）這是中考熱點，這類文章的特點是寫作難度大，因此需要學(xué)生掌握方法，和基本句式，以做到考試時心中不亂。典型例句1.Computer is becoming more and more

30、important2.we should make good use of it.3.It maybe get in the way of our study.4.We can do lots of things with it5. It makes our life more easy6.Nowadays mobile phones are becoming more and more popular among the middle school students.初中英語57個中考必備句型1 as soon as2 asas3 asas possible4 ask sb. for sth

31、.5 ask/tell sb. (how) to do sth.6 ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth.7 be afraid of doing/that8 be busy doing sth.9 be famous/late/ready/sorry for10 be glad that11 buy/give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tellsth. to sb.12 buy/give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tell sb. sth.13 eitheror14 enjoy/hate/like/finish/stop/mind/keep/go on doing st