虛擬語氣講解練習(xí)

1、Grammar Use for Module 6Subjunctive Mood虛擬語氣The Third Edition第 - 4 - 頁Content 目錄【講解部分】一、由If引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句.11.基本形式.1 2.省略if倒裝句.13.錯綜時間條件句（混合虛擬語氣）.14.含蓄條件句.2二、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：Even if/though讓步狀語從句.2三、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：as if/though;wish賓語從句；if only.31.基本形式.32.as if/though從句中虛擬語氣具體用法.33.wish 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中虛擬語氣具體用法.34.if only

2、 引導(dǎo)的從句虛擬語氣的具體用法.4五、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：would rather(d rather）+ 賓語從句.4六、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：定從、表從、同位從、主從、賓從.41.定語從句中的虛擬語氣. .42.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣.43.表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣.54.主語從句中的虛擬語氣.5 七、簡單句中的虛擬語氣.5 附表.6【Exercise for Grammar】Exercise for Grammar.7Answer Key.11友情提示：1. 本版本貼合考點，內(nèi)容詳實，并對相關(guān)知識點進行對照。2. 本版本歸納方式，以方便記憶為目的按照結(jié)構(gòu)相同歸納在一起的原則，難

3、免會有分類重復(fù)（內(nèi)容無重復(fù)），敬請諒解。3. 本版例句新穎，多原創(chuàng)，貼合當(dāng)前熱點，有利于理解學(xué)習(xí)。4. 本版在記錄結(jié)構(gòu)時,do表示動詞原形，done表示過去分詞5. 本版中新增導(dǎo)學(xué)練習(xí)，幫助及時學(xué)習(xí)鞏固。（星號 * 標(biāo)記處為導(dǎo)學(xué)練習(xí)，后附答案）6. 本版講解后附近年高考經(jīng)典題，以及部分原創(chuàng)題，幫助鞏固提升。7. 本版增加附表一張，方便平時記憶，以及考前對要點復(fù)習(xí)。整理、編寫：錢海龍?zhí)摂M語氣Subjunctive Mood一、由If引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句(unreal conditionals lead by “If”) 1.基本形式：時間If非真實條件句的謂語主句的謂語過去If.had donew

4、ould/could/might/should+ have done現(xiàn)在If.did(were)would/could/might/should+ do將來If . did(were)were to doshould dowould/could/might/should+ do2.省略if倒裝句ü If 引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句中含有謂語動詞were ,had ,should時，可將if省略，而將上述謂語動詞提前放置于句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。E.g. If it were to rain tomorrow,the sports meeting will be put off. rain tom

5、orrow,the sports meeting will be put off.*如果明天下雨，運動會就會被推遲。E.g. If you had studied hard,you would passed the examinations.,you would passed the examinations.* 要是你認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)的話，你就能通過考試了。Correct:Didhe come here now,he would meet you.注意：若省略的條件句中的謂語動詞是否定形式，不能用動詞的否定形式。Were it not for the expense,I would go abroa

6、d now. 但不能說：Werent it for the expense.(×) 要不是因為昂貴的價格，我現(xiàn)在就出國了。3.錯綜時間條件句（混合虛擬語氣）ü 錯綜時間條件句即條件從句及主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致，此時應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語境情況，結(jié)合三種基本形式對時態(tài)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。E.g. If you had taken my advice earlier,you would not be in trouble now.若果你早點聽取我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就不會陷入麻煩了。（從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在） If I  that f

7、light（catch）, Iover the Pacific Ocean now（fly）*如果我趕上了那趟航班，我現(xiàn)在正飛越太平洋呢。（從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在）4.含蓄條件句(為了表達的需要，句中不出現(xiàn)If引導(dǎo)的從句)（1） 介詞或介詞短語引導(dǎo)： but for(要不是)，without，with，under but for = 句型 =句型E.g.Without your help ,we couldnt have finish the work ahead of time. = But for your help.= If it h

8、ad not been your help.要不是你的幫助，我們就無法提前完成工作。E.g.Weunder more satisfying conditions at that time.(can)*要是在那時有跟另人滿意的條件的話我們就能做的更好了。（2）連詞和副詞：but或but that（若不是，要不是）or或otherwise（否則）上述連詞和副詞表示虛擬條件句和真實條件句交織在一個句子中的情況。主句(虛擬)+ but/but that + 從句（陳述）主句（陳述）+ or/otherwise +從句（虛擬）E.g. There might have been a terrible a

9、ccident,buthe stoppedthe car before it was too late. =There might have been a terrible accident,if he hadnt stopped the car before it was too late.要不是他及時停車，可能就會發(fā)生一場可怕的事故。E.g.He telephoned to inform me of the meeting,or/otherwise I would have known nothing. =If he hadnt telephoned to inform me of the

10、 meeting,I would have known nothing. 要不是他打電話提醒我這個會議，我就會對此事一無所知。（3）結(jié)合語境推斷E.g.A few hours earlier,and you could have met that famous movie star.=If you had come afew hours earlier. 如果你提前幾分鐘來的話，你就能遇到那個著名的電影明星了。二、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：Even if/though讓步狀語從句1.Even if/though讓步狀語從句中虛擬語氣基本形式及If虛擬語氣的基本結(jié)構(gòu)相同。E.g.Even if h

11、e had been ill,he would have gone to his office as usual. 即使他生了病，他也會像往常一樣來辦公室。2.Even if/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，若表示的事情非?？赡馨l(fā)生，則從句的謂語動詞可不用虛擬語氣。 (E.g.He will go to the airport to welcome you,even if it rains.)三、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：as if/though;wish賓語從句；if only1.基本形式（as if/though;wish賓語從句；if only均適用）時間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)從句動作發(fā)生在主句之前

12、had done（注：wish結(jié)構(gòu)詳見下面）及主句動作同時發(fā)生did(were)從句動作發(fā)生在主句之后would/could/might+ do2. as if/though（好像，似乎，仿佛）從句中虛擬語氣具體用法ü 引導(dǎo)表語從句，常及as,look, seem,feel,taste,smell,sound等系動詞連用?！綼s if 用法補充】ü 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“事情是怎么做的”或“一個人或事物是什么樣的”。ü 用于省略句中，如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句是“主語+系動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，可以省略主語和系動詞， E.g. Tom raised his hands as

13、if (he was going) to say something. (1) as if/though引導(dǎo)表語從句和方式狀語從句，從句用虛擬語氣，而主句不用。E.g.She talked about the film as if before.* 她說的好像她曾經(jīng)看過這部電影似的。E.g.The child talked to us as if .* 這個孩子說話的方式就好像他是個成人。(2)as if/though引導(dǎo)表語從句和方式狀語從句,如果從句中的動作很有可能發(fā)生，也可直接用陳述語氣。E.g.It sounds as if .* 外面聽起來就好像下雨了。3.wish 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中

14、虛擬語氣具體用法(1)wish 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，表示一種沒有實現(xiàn)或根本不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，要用虛擬語氣，意為“但愿.”“.就好了”。其虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)及as if/though結(jié)構(gòu)基本相同。要特別關(guān)注從句動作發(fā)生在主句之前虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)。從句動作發(fā)生在主句之前（1）had done（更常用）（2）would/could/might/+ have doneE.g. I wish I were ten years younger.我希望我能年輕十歲。E.g. He wishes we had been with him last summer vacation. =He wishes we .*他希望去

15、年暑假的時候我們和他在一起。4.if only 引導(dǎo)的從句虛擬語氣的具體用法(1)compare :if only 及 only if 的辨析If only 意為 “要是.就好了”表示一個不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望或假設(shè)要用虛擬語氣。Only if+條件狀語從句 意為“只有”意思相當(dāng)于unless但用于肯定句中引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，它用于陳述事實或必要的條件，比if所表達的語氣更強烈。E.g. If only I had arrived here on time. 要是我能準(zhǔn)時到這兒就好了。E.g.You will learn well only if you have interests in learn

16、ing.=You wont learn well unless you have interests in learning.Only if（改為倒裝）*只有你對學(xué)習(xí)感興趣，你才能學(xué)好。注意：(當(dāng)only if 放語句首時，主句要實行不完全倒裝)五、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：would rather(d rather）+ 賓語從句(1)基本形式從句動作發(fā)生時間從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)過去had done 現(xiàn)在/將來did(were)E.g.“Shall I open the window? ” “Id rather you didnt. -我能打開窗子嗎? -我寧愿你不這么做。E.g.Id rather

17、 you had attended the meeting yesterday. 我倒寧愿你昨天才加了會議。六、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：定從、表從、同位從、主從、賓從以下歸納的均可用：.+ should do 結(jié)構(gòu)1.定語從句中的虛擬語氣It is (high/ about)time(that)句型，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣。Itis (high/ about)time(that)should do(should不能省略)did(were)E.g.It is high time that the old plane was scrapped. =It is high ti

18、me that.*這架舊飛機該報廢了。2.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣ü 在ask,demand,desire,decide,insist,order,command,request,suggest等表示請求，要求，建議，主張，命令意義的動詞后面接上賓語從句，從句一般用虛擬語氣。(詳細見后面附表)結(jié)構(gòu)：.+ (should) do （should可省略）【注意】E. g.The teacher suggested that wegood use of time of every minute school. The patients pale face suggested that he i

19、ll seriously.(make;be)*E.g.The suspect insisted that he at the scene of the crime where the murder happened.(be not)The Greenhouse effect becoming increasingly serious,the scientistsinsistedhumans(削減)the use of fossil fuel.（化石燃料）*3.表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣ü 一些表請求、建議、命令、要求的名詞（詳細見后面附表）如advice，idea，order，

20、demand，plan,proposal,request,requirement,suggestion后接表語從句，同位語從句都要用虛擬語氣。結(jié)構(gòu)：.+ (should) do （should可省略）E.g.Their plan is that they (should)build a new factory in their hometown. (表從) 他們計劃在我的家鄉(xiāng)建一座新的工廠。E.g.We followed his advice that .(同位從) 我們聽從了他讓我們的認(rèn)真工作的建議。4.主語從句中的虛擬語氣ü 表示說話人的驚異、懊悔、失望、遺憾、理應(yīng)等情感時，從句

21、中常用虛擬語氣。結(jié)構(gòu)：.+ (should) do （should可省略）should含有“竟然”“應(yīng)該”之意，主句謂語動詞形式不限。（1） It is amazing /strange/surprising/astonishing. that sb. (should) doIt is necessary/important/proper/natural. (詳細見后面附表)（2）It isa pity/a shame/no wonder. （3）It is suggested/requested/desired/proposed. （4）It worries me that.E.g. It

22、isstrange he should not come. E.g. It is important that we should learn English well.E.g.It is suggested that more efforts should be made to maintain peace in world.E.g.It worries me that he should drive all that way on his own. 七、簡單句中的虛擬語氣

23、 1. 說話時，為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌，言語常使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)形式常為：would / could / might / should + 原形動詞。E.g.Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把門關(guān)起來你介意嗎？E.g.You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把這個教訓(xùn)牢記于心。E.g.I should agree with you. 我應(yīng)該同意你的觀點。2. 表示“祝愿”時，常用“may + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其他”。E.g.May you have a good j

24、ourney! 祝你一路順風(fēng)。E.g.May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永駐。3. 表示強烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”時，常用動詞原形。E.g.Long live the Communist Party of China. 中國共產(chǎn)黨萬歲。E.g.God bless us. 上帝保佑。附表：1.引導(dǎo)賓語從句常用虛擬語氣的動詞建議v.suggest advise recommend(推薦) move(提議) motion(打手勢) propose (建議)主張v.insist hold(持有.意見) urge(催促、力勸) maintain(堅持.意見) advoca

25、te (提倡)要求v.ask request require demand desire prefer(寧愿)arrange(安排)命令v.order command2.引導(dǎo)表語、同位語從句常用虛擬語氣的名詞建議n.suggestion advicerecommendation(推薦)proposal (建議)motion(手勢，動機)主張n.aim idea plan要求n.requestrequiredemand desirepreference(偏愛)命令n.order command其他n.wish decision necessity(必要性) resolution(解決)3.引導(dǎo)主

26、語從句常用虛擬語氣的形容詞、過去分詞基本結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）It is amazing /strange/surprising/astonishing. that sb. (should) doIt is necessary/important/proper/natural. （2）It isa pity/a shame/no wonder. （3）It is suggested/requested/desired/proposed/ordered. （4）It worries me that.常用形容詞：necessary(必要的) essential(必要的) important(重要的)drea

27、dful(可怕的，糟糕的) urgent (急迫的) natural(自然地)preferable(更好的，更可取得) desirable(可取的，令人滿意的)ridiculous (荒謬的，可笑的) advisable(明智的，可取的)Exercise for Grammar1.Simple Selection1. ( )You did not let me drive,if wein turn,youso tired. (a1) A. drove; didnt get B.drove;wouldnt getC.were driving; wouldnt get D.had driven;w

28、ouldnt have got 2. ( )Professor Stephen Hawking, the renowned astrophysicist, warned that the human race extinct if it look to the outer space within the next 200 years. (a1)A.Will become;were not to B. would become ;was not to C.will become; was not to D.would become;were not to3. ( )He must have h

29、ad an accident,or hethere then. (a1 情態(tài)動詞)A.would have been B.had been C.should have been D.could been4. ( ) I hope that you_right. (辨析） A. would be B.were C.will be D.should be5. ( )He_busy yesterday, or he_you with your experiment. （a4） A.Was;had helped B.was;would have helped C.had been; would hav

30、e helped D.were;would have helped 6. ( )I was ill that day,otherwise I_the sports meeting. (a4) A.Would have taken part in B.took part in C. had taken part in D.would taken part in7. ( )Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I_as well as her. (c) A. dance B.will dance C.had danced D.danced 8. ( )What d

31、o you think his proposal that we_a play at the English meeting? ( e) A.had put on B.should put on C.have put on D.will put on 9. ( )I suggested the person to be put into prison. (非謂語e) A. refers B. referring C. referred D.refer 10. ( ) the danger of traveling on the lonely island, they would not be

32、trapped now. (a2) A.Have they been informed of B.Were they informed of C.Should they he informed ofD.Had they been informed of11. ( )What_if we were to reframe our approach to balancing and experiencing full days? A. may happen B.might have happened C.might happen D.happened (a1)12. ( )We shall hard

33、ly please everyone;nor is it necessary that we. A.need B.should C.can D.may (e)13. ( )I_that the experience I was heading for was anything but boring,had I read the brochure carefully. A. realized B.had realized C.would realize D.would have realized (a1)14. ( ) -Have you seen the film Operation Meko

34、ng? ( a2) -Its said that the film_in Thailand should it he found to damage the image of the country. A.would be banned B.has been banned C.will be banned D.had been banned15. ( )The school took the students request into consideration that a party_be held to celebrate the victory.A.could B.might C.wo

35、uld D.should (e)16. ( )Im sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline.With better equipment, I_the task on schedule. A. would accomplish B.might have accomplished C.must have accomplished D.could accomplish (a4)17. ( )She would be much healthier now_with that much pressure from work when young.(a2 3)

36、 A. had she not burdened herself B.were she not burdened C.should she not burden herself D.were she not to be burdened 18. ( )It might saved me some trouble_the schedule. (a2) A.did I know B.have I known C.do I know D.had I know19. ( )I wish _I at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a busin

37、ess trip in New York then. A.will be B.would be C.have been D.had been (c)20. ( )Without his wartime experience,Hemingway_his famous novel A Farewell to arms. A.Didnt write B.hadnt written C.wouldnt write D.wouldnt have written (a4)21. ( )_ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for wee

38、ks to get news from around the world.A. Were there B.Had there been C.If there are D.If there have been (a2)22. ( )They were abroad during the months,when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _to our help. (a4)A.would have come B.could comeC.have come D.had come23. ( )I to my cousin's

39、 birthday party last night but I was not available.A.went . B.had gone (a4)C.would go D would have gone24. ( )Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam _at the age of six months old. A. was B.be C.were D.is (e)25. ( )It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _

40、itA.had done B.have done (c)C.did D.am doing26. ( )We would rather our daughter_ at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.A.would stay B.has stayed (d)C.stayed D.stay27. ( )Jack is a great talker .Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking.A.will do B.has

41、 doneC. do D.did (e)28. ( )Part of the highway would still be temporarily closed_the heavy fog continue.A.might B.could C.would D.should (a2)29. ( )another national referendum of Brexit be held, perhaps the UKwould be kept in the UN and better promote a social progressive Europe. A. Would B.Could C.

42、Might D.Should (a2)30. ( )One of the unanswered questions of September llth is whether there was anythingU.S. intelligence _ to stop the attacks.A.must do B. could do (考察情態(tài)動詞) C. must have done D. could have done 31. ( )“But for the fact that you_ here for 3 years, I_in this key high school now ,fac

43、ing its endless homework and exam!” the poor girl cried hopelessly to her father.A. studied；wouldnt have studied B. studied; wouldnt be studying C. had studied ;wouldnt have studied D. had studied ;wouldnt be studying (a4)32. ( )I think that conflict is unlikely to happen, but if it_ ,the interest o

44、f both China and the U.S. would be severely damaged. (a1)_A. would occur B. had occurred C . were to occur D. occurs33. ( )France has recently passed a law that says all supermarkets_ donate all their unsold products to charities. (辨析) A. may B. should C. will D. shall 34. ( )He was greatly shocked

45、at Donald Trumps taking office. Never did he expected that the voters _ be so unreasonable.(辨析) A. should B. could C. would D. might 35. ( )There more difficulties than they had expected ,they_ the project ahead of the schedule.(a4)A. were; couldnt finish B. being; couldnt have finished C. have been

46、 ; couldnt finish D. must have been; couldnt have finished 36. ( )I wouldnt pursue my writing career now if I _ myself as weak in writing when I was young.(a3)A. defined B. should define C. would define D. had defined 37. ( )If you_ commit yourself to ding everything in the order given , you should

47、miss an opportunity to be a unique individual.( a1)A. commit B. committed C. have committed D. had committed 38. ( )The images the students took during the field trip can help them recall details that they _ otherwise. (a4)A. forget B. have forgotten C. would forget D. would have forgotten 39. ( )-I

48、t is astonishing that two leading officials_so much illegal money.(e)-Yeah! Yet it is even sadder that such corruptions cases_ so common. A. might grab; became B. should grab; have become C. could grab; became D. would grab; have become 40. ( )We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise we _ here in t

49、ime(a4) A. would be B. wouldnt be C. would have been D. wouldnt have been41. ( )-It is shocked that most of the people were infected with Ebola in the West Africa.-If super spreading _ completely under control, about two-thirds of Ebola cases_ avoided.(a1)A. were ;could be B. were ;could have been C. had been ; could been D. had been ; could be 42. ( )The result of the research which has bee