小學(xué)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)集錦

1、1 2 第一章時(shí)態(tài)小學(xué)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)要點(diǎn)總結(jié)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語(yǔ)具備的性格和能力。2 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，沒(méi)有be 動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞要按規(guī)則加上s，主語(yǔ)是非第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞用原形。3 在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中有be 動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，否定句在be 動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后直接加not ，一般疑問(wèn)句將 be 動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首。4 在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中沒(méi)有be 動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的否定句在動(dòng)詞前加does+not (doesn t) ，一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加does ，句子中原有動(dòng)詞用原形；主語(yǔ)為非第三人

2、稱單數(shù)，否定句用do+not (don t) ，一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加do ，句子中動(dòng)詞用原形。5. 動(dòng)詞+s 的變化規(guī)則一般情況下，直接加 -s ，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks. 以 s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es ，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes . 以“ 輔音字母 +y”結(jié)尾，變 y 為 i, 再加-es ，如：study-studies. 二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+

3、動(dòng)詞 ing. 3 3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be 后加 not 。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。5 動(dòng)詞加 ing的變化規(guī)則一般情況下，直接加ing ，如： cook-cooking. 以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾，去 e 加 ing ，如：make-making, write-writing. 如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing ，如： run-running, stop-stopping. 三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)1一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事情。2肯定句： be going to +動(dòng)詞原形，如： jim is going to pl

4、ay football. 否定句： be not going to +動(dòng)詞原形，如： jim is not going to play football. 一般疑問(wèn)句：把 be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首，如： is jim going to play football? 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 +be+ 主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形？如： what is jim going to do? 疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+be+going to+動(dòng)詞原形？如： who is going to play football? 3. be going to 可以與 will 進(jìn)行替換?？隙ň洌?be going to +

5、動(dòng)詞原形，如： jim will play football. 否定句： be not going to +動(dòng)詞原形，如： jim will not(wont) play football. 一般疑問(wèn)句：把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首，如： will jim play football? 4 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 +be+ 主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形？如： what will jim do? 疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+be+going to+動(dòng)詞原形？如： who will play football? 四、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般

6、過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。2be 動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：am 和 is 在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as 。（was not=wasnt） are 在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere 。（were not=werent）帶有 was 或 were 的句子， 其否定、 疑問(wèn)的變化和 is, am, are 一樣，即否定句在 was 或 were 后加 not ， 一般疑問(wèn)句把 was 或 were調(diào)到句首。3句中沒(méi)有 be 動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子否定句： didn t +動(dòng)詞原形，如： jim didn t go home yesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句：在句首加 did, 句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去

7、式變回原形.如： did jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞 +did+主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞原形？如：what did jim do yesterday? 疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+ 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式？如： who went to home yesterday? 4 . 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加 -ed ，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked. 結(jié)尾是 e 加 d，如： taste-tasted. 5 末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加 -ed ，如： stop-stopped. 以“ 輔音字母 +y”結(jié)尾的，變

8、 y 為 i， 再加-ed ，如：study-studied. 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式： am/is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote,draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-s

9、wam, sit-sat. 時(shí)態(tài)定義特征動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。every day morningusually often陳述句主要構(gòu)成 : 1. 主語(yǔ)+be(am/is/are)+名詞（形容詞）2. 主語(yǔ)+ 行為動(dòng)詞 +something(事情) 一般疑問(wèn)句：1.be(am,is,are )+ 主語(yǔ)+ 名詞（形容詞）2. do(does)+主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞+something(事情) 主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化情況: 1. 一般情況在詞尾直接加 -s ；2. 以 ch,sh,s,x或 o 結(jié)尾的詞加 -es ；3. 以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的詞 ,將 y 改成

10、 i 再加-es 。例句（要注意否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句） ：1.i am a teacher.i am not a teacher.2.he reads books. 3.does he read books?6 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。now look listen肯定陳述 : 主語(yǔ) +be(am/is/are) + 動(dòng)詞 ing+,. 一般疑問(wèn)：be(am/is/are) + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 ing+,?現(xiàn)在分詞 ( 動(dòng)詞 ing形式 ) 的變化情況 :1. 一般情況在詞尾直接加-ing ；2. 以 e 結(jié)尾的詞 ,去掉 e 再加 -ing ；3. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,

11、雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母加-ing 。例句：i am reading a book now.7 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。yesterday morning yesterday afternoon yesterday eveninglast year last montha minute ago an hour agothis morning this afternoon this evening陳述句主要構(gòu)成 : 1. 主語(yǔ)+be(was/were)+名詞（或形容詞）2. 主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞 的過(guò)去式 +something( 事)一般疑問(wèn)句：3. be( was/were )+主語(yǔ)+名詞（

12、或形容詞）4. did +主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞的 原形+something( 事)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化情況: 1. 一般情況在詞尾直接加 -ed；2. 以 e 結(jié)尾的詞加 -d ；3. 以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的詞 , 將 y 改成 i 再加-ed；4. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞, 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母加-ed 。例句：i worked.he was a doctor. did he read book yesterday?8 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的事情。tomorrowthe day after the next day next monday at the weekend tonighttomorrow n

13、ight tomorrow morning tomorrow afternoon陳述句主要構(gòu)成：1. 主語(yǔ)+ be(am/is/are) going to + 動(dòng)詞原形+ 賓語(yǔ)2. 主語(yǔ)+ will + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 賓語(yǔ)一般疑問(wèn)句：1. be(am/is/are)+ 主語(yǔ) + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形+ 賓語(yǔ)2. will + 主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞原形 + 賓語(yǔ)例句：1. iam going to read books this weekend. 2. i will read books the next day.凡是在 must, mustn t, can, cant, lets, don

14、t, may,will,did,didn t ，should,would后的一定要用動(dòng)詞的原形！練習(xí)：根據(jù)提示填空jack and i are teachers. jack teaches english. i teach chinese. look,he is teaching english now. i am going to teach chinese this afernoon. last year,jack tought(teached) math class. we all like teaching lessons. 做英語(yǔ)題目注意1. 時(shí)態(tài)一致：2. 主謂一致：9 i am

15、you are she is i(you)+動(dòng)詞原形（ do） she+動(dòng)詞(s/es) 形式 3. 單復(fù)數(shù)一致：this is a book. these are books. there is some milk. there is an apple on the desk. there are some apples. 第二章詞語(yǔ)一、動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞(詳見(jiàn)各種時(shí)態(tài)中)注意：現(xiàn)在式、現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞ing形式）、過(guò)去式、第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）。be 動(dòng)詞 ,助動(dòng)詞?，F(xiàn)階段 be 動(dòng)詞形式有 : am, is, are, were, was, isnt, arent, weren

16、 t, wasnt。助動(dòng)詞形式有 : do, does, did, don t, doesn t, didnt。1. 在英語(yǔ)句子中進(jìn)行變化的時(shí)候, 有 be 動(dòng)詞的就在 be 動(dòng)詞上變化 ,變 “ 過(guò)去” , “ 否定” ：否定過(guò)去否定am am not(第一人稱“ i ” )was wasntis isn t (第三人稱單數(shù) ) are aren t (you 和其它復(fù)數(shù)人稱 ) were weren t2. 沒(méi)有 be 動(dòng)詞的就要加助動(dòng)詞 ; 10 否定過(guò)去過(guò)去否定do don tdid didn tdoes( 第三人稱單數(shù) ) doesn tdid didn t二、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。名詞按其數(shù)

17、 ,可分兩種 :可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則如下: 1. 一般情況下 ,直接在詞尾加 -s , 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens；2. 以 s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞 ,在詞后加 -es , 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches；3. 以輔音字母 +y結(jié)尾的,變 y 為 i 再加-es , 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries；4. 以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的 ,變 f 或 fe 為 v 再加-es , 如:knife-knives,

18、wife-wives, life-lives；5. 以 o 結(jié)尾的加 -es 或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos；6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children。不可數(shù)名詞，在應(yīng)用中作單數(shù)形式。三、介詞1. 表示地方、方位：on,in,at,under,2. 表示時(shí)間： at,on,in 3. 其他： for,to,of,with四、代詞人稱代詞11 主語(yǔ)物主代詞賓格形容詞性名詞性imyminemesheherhershe

19、rhehishishimititsitsityouyouryoursyouweouroursustheytheirtheirsthem例如： i（我） have a green pen.she（她） has a blue pen. my（我的） pen is longer than hers（她的 ）. her （她的） pen is shorter than mine（我的）. 特殊疑問(wèn)詞whatwhat is this?what is this in english?what is the matter?what is the weather like?what is the countr

20、y like?what is/was she/he/what do you like?what do/does/did you/he do?what do you have for?12 what colour?wh at class?what grade?what time?what day is it, ?what is the date, ?what do/does/did+?howhow are you?how old?how many ?how much ?how long?how do/does/did+?which +n .+ （be 動(dòng)詞 / 助動(dòng)詞） +?whose+ n.

21、+ （be 動(dòng)詞 /助動(dòng)詞） +?where+ v.（be 動(dòng)詞 / 助動(dòng)詞） +sb. +?when + v.（be 動(dòng)詞/ 助動(dòng)詞） + sb.+?who + v.（be 動(dòng)詞/ 助動(dòng)詞 /行為動(dòng)詞） +sb.+ ?why + v.（be 動(dòng)詞 / 助動(dòng)詞） + sb. +?有 can, will, must這幾個(gè)詞的句子， 所有的句型轉(zhuǎn)換都在此詞變化。表示疑問(wèn)，有疑問(wèn)詞（在開(kāi)頭），回答有很多種可能。 常用疑問(wèn)詞： what、when、which、who、whose 、why、how、where 如何對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)：1、 將原問(wèn)句翻譯為漢語(yǔ) （在讀中要將劃線部分重讀） 。 如：his bi

22、rthday is on the 13 5th of may . 他的生日在五月五日。2、用漢語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。如上句，應(yīng)該問(wèn)：他的生日在什么時(shí)候？3、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)將所要提問(wèn)的句子補(bǔ)充完整。如上句when is his birthday ?五、數(shù)詞： 1. 基數(shù)詞： 2. 序數(shù)詞：六、其他（ 同音詞、近義詞、反義詞）近義詞toilet wc listen hear class lesson everyone everybody glass cup large big glad happy like love little small photo picture purse wallet start be

23、gin home house learn study beautifulpretty usually often look see cycle bike near beside hi hello quick fast garden park desk table speak say talk river lake would like want go home come home be from come from take a walk go for a walk be good at do well in look for find of course sure a moment ago

24、just now take a bus by bus a lot of lots of many 同音詞bbeebe noknow c seesea hi high i eye for four r are sonsun ttea ourhour uyou pair pear ywhy herehear there their 14 to twotoo bybyebuy right write redread( 過(guò)) arent aunt new knew(過(guò)) father farther blue blew( 過(guò)) who swhose 反義詞big small black white f

25、at thin late early long short tall short bad good cold hot yes no here there far near come go open close sit stand cry laugh right wrong right left same different quick slow new old young old ask answer busy free day night up down 第三章句型三年級(jí)起點(diǎn)的英語(yǔ)，小學(xué)階段共有8 冊(cè)書(shū)，其涉及的重要語(yǔ)法知識(shí)主要有7 種： to be 句型；there be句型；一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句

26、型；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句型；一般過(guò)去時(shí)句型；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can引導(dǎo)的句型； be going to句型等。現(xiàn)以 58 冊(cè)書(shū)為例，簡(jiǎn)要分析如下：一 to be句型 ：用于介紹個(gè)人情況如姓名、健康狀況、身份、國(guó)籍、家庭成員、朋友、職業(yè)等，描述地點(diǎn)、顏色、四季、日期、星期幾等，該句型廣泛分布于各冊(cè)教材中，其中 58 冊(cè)的句型主要有：1. who s your english teacher? mr. carter. 15 2. what s he like? hes tall and strong.3. is she quiet? no, she isnt. she is very active. 4. is

27、 she strict? yes, she is, but shes very kind.5. what day is it today? it s wednesday.6. what s your favourite fruit/food? 7. they re sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/8. when is your birthday? its in may.9. my birthday is in june. uncle bills birthday is in june, too.10. is her birthday in june? yes, it i

28、s. 11. what s the date? 12.this is zhang peng. 13. where is the cinema, please? it s next to the hospital.14. how tall are you？im 164 cm tall. 15. you are shorter than me. 16.you re 4 cm taller than me. 17.how heavy are you? i m 48 kg.18. im thinner than you, and shorter.19. what s the matter with y

29、ou? my throat is sore.20. how are you, liu yun / sarah? 二 there be句型：表示存在，即：“某處有某物”或“某時(shí)有某事” 。句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： there is+ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)。 there are+ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) +地點(diǎn)。該句型主要分布在第5 冊(cè)的 unit 5 和 unit 6 中，如：16 1. there are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room. 2. there is a mirror, a bed and a big clo

30、set. 3. is there a forest in the park? yes, there is. 4. is there a river? no, there isnt.5. are there any pandas in the mountains? no, there arent.6. are there any fish in the rivers? yes, there are. 三 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句型 ：表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或行為， 或現(xiàn)在存在著的狀況。 句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： 主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞 +其他。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)， 要在動(dòng)詞原形后面加s或 es，其他人稱作主語(yǔ)時(shí)則用動(dòng)詞原形，

31、在問(wèn)句及否定句中需要用助動(dòng)詞do 或 does。這種句型通常有一些標(biāo)志詞， 如： usually often sometimes never always等。該句型主要分布在第5 冊(cè) unit2&3，第 6 冊(cè) unit1&2, 第 7 冊(cè) unit4,5,6, 第 8 冊(cè)u(píng)nit2 中。如： book5: 1. what do you have on thursdays? we have english, math and science on thursdays. 2. what do you do on saturdays? i watch tv on saturdays

32、. 3. i do my homework. 4. what do you have for lunch on mondays? we have tomatoes, tofu and fish. 5. i like fruit. but i dont like grapes.book6: 1. when do you eat dinner? i eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening. 2. when do you get up? i usually get up at 12:00 noon. 17 3. what do you do on the weekend?

33、 usually i watch tv and go shopping. 4. sometimes i visit my grandparents. i often play football. sometimes i go hiking. 5. which season do you like best? i like winter best. 6. why do you like summer/winter? book7: 1. how do you go to school, sarah? 2. usually i go to school on foot. sometimes i go

34、 by bike. 3. i like collecting stamps. he likes collecting stamps, too. 4. does she teach math? yes, she does. 5. does she teach english ？no, she doesn t. she teaches math. 6. what does your mother do? what does your father do? 7. where does she work? she works in a car company. 8. how does she go t

35、o work? she goes to work by bus. 9. where does the rain come from? it comes from the clouds. 10. where does the cloud come from? it comes from the vapour. 11. where does the vapour come from? it comes from the water in the river. 12. the sun shines and the water becomes vapour. 13. how do you do tha

36、t? book8: 1. my nose hurts. 18 2. how do you feel? i feel sick. how does amy feel? 3. you look so happy. you look sad today. 四 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句型 ：表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或事件，或在短期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的情況。標(biāo)志詞是： now 也常用在 look! listen!等后面。句型主要結(jié)構(gòu)為：be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are ）+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞 (v. ing)。該句型主要分布在第6 冊(cè) unit4, 5, 6中。如：1. what are you doing? i m

37、 doing the dishes. i m reading a book.2. grandpa is writing a letter. brother is doing homework. mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen. 3. he is writing an e-mail in the study. 3. what is it doing ? it s eating bananas. 4. what is she doing ? shes jumping. 5. what are they doing ? theyre swimming. th

38、ey re climbing trees.6. are you eating lunch? no, we arent.7. are they eating the honey? yes, they are. 8. is he playing chess? yes, he is. 9. is she counting insects? no, she isnt.五 一般過(guò)去時(shí)句型 ：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動(dòng)作或情況。句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 +其他。標(biāo)志詞通常是： yesterday, last week , last year 等，在問(wèn)句與否定句中要用助動(dòng)詞did。該句型

39、分布在第8 冊(cè) unit3&4 中。如：1.what did you do last weekend? i played football. 19 2. did you help them clean their room? yes, i did. 3.what did you do yesterday? i went fishing. 4. did you read book? yes, i did. 5. did you clean your room? no, i didnt.6.where did you go on your holiday? i went to xinjia

40、ng. 7. what did you do there? i sang and danced with my new friends. 8. how did you go there？i went by train. 此外，一般過(guò)去時(shí)也可用來(lái)表示客氣的詢問(wèn)。如：book3 unit5, book 5 unit3中的： what would you like for lunch? id like some,六 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can引導(dǎo)的句型 ：表示有能力做某事， can 后面的動(dòng)詞要用原形。該句型主要分布在第5 冊(cè)u(píng)nit4 和第 7 冊(cè) unit1 中。如： book4: 1. what can you do? i can sweep the floor. i can cook the meals. 2. i can water the flowers. 3. can you make the bed? no, i cant. 4. can you use a computer?