2022年初中英語(yǔ)句子成分講解簡(jiǎn)單明了附練習(xí)答案

1、精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載中學(xué)英語(yǔ)句子成分一. 句子的成分：句子的成分為指組成句子的各個(gè)部分,即：主語(yǔ).謂語(yǔ).表語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)） .補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).定語(yǔ).狀語(yǔ)等；主要成分： 主語(yǔ) 和 謂語(yǔ)句子的成分次要成分： 表語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ).補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).定語(yǔ).狀語(yǔ)等一 主語(yǔ)： 主語(yǔ)為一個(gè)句子的主要成分,也為句子所表達(dá)的主體,一般位于句首,subject表示句子所說(shuō)的為“什么人”或“什么事物”；一般由名詞.代詞.數(shù)詞.不定式.動(dòng)名詞.名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等充當(dāng)；留意：在 there be結(jié)構(gòu).疑問(wèn)（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不為疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面；例如： tom is a goo

2、d boy.名詞 we often speak english in class.代詞 one-third of the students in this class are girls.數(shù)詞 to swim in the river is a great pleasure.不定式 smoking does harm to the health.動(dòng)名詞 the rich should help the poor.名詞化形容詞 when we are going to have an english test has not been decided主. 語(yǔ)從句 it is necessary

3、to master a foreign language.為it 形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為不定式（二） 謂語(yǔ)： 謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特點(diǎn)和狀態(tài)；說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”.predicate“為什么”或“怎么樣” ,一般由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后；謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必需一樣；謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：1. 簡(jiǎn)潔謂語(yǔ) ：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成；例如：i like apples.動(dòng) 詞 he practices running every morning.（動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）2. 復(fù)合謂語(yǔ) ：（1）由（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形）構(gòu)成；例如： you may keep the book

4、for two weeks.he has caught a bad cold.（2）由（系動(dòng)詞 +表語(yǔ)）構(gòu)成；we are having a quick breakfast.（三）表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì).身份.特點(diǎn)和狀態(tài)等,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“為什么”predicative或“怎么樣”；表語(yǔ)一般由名詞.代詞.形容詞.分詞.數(shù)詞.不定式.動(dòng)名詞.介詞短語(yǔ).副詞及從句充當(dāng)；它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如 be、 keep、 remain、 become、 get. grow、 turn、 look、 seem、 feel、 smell、 sound、 taste等）之后；表語(yǔ)須和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂精品

5、學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載語(yǔ),即成 系表結(jié)構(gòu) ；如： my mother is a doctor.名詞 is it yours.代詞the weather has turned cold.（形容詞） the speech is exciting.（現(xiàn)在分詞） the door is closed.（過(guò)去分詞） three times seven is twenty one. （數(shù)詞） his job is to teach english.（不定式） his hobby is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞）精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載the ma

6、chine must be out of order（.介詞短語(yǔ)）精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載time is up. the class is over.副詞the truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語(yǔ)從句）（四）賓語(yǔ)： 賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承擔(dān)者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面、和及物object動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么” ,由名詞.代詞.數(shù)詞.名詞化的形容詞.不定式和賓語(yǔ)從句；如：they went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名詞）the heavy rain prevented me fr

7、om coming to school on time.（代詞）how many dictionaries do you have. i have three.（數(shù)詞）they helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）he pretended not to see me.（不定式）i enjoy listening to popular music.（動(dòng)名詞）i think that he is fit for this job.（賓語(yǔ)從句）賓語(yǔ)種類： < 1 > 雙賓語(yǔ) （間接賓語(yǔ) +直接賓語(yǔ)）,例如：lend

8、me your dictionary、 please. =lend your dictionary to me、 please.間賓直賓直賓間賓 有的動(dòng)詞后面可接雙賓語(yǔ),包括常用來(lái)指人的間接賓語(yǔ) 和常用來(lái)指 物的直接賓語(yǔ)可帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有bring、 give、 show、 send、 pass、 tell、 lend、 offer、 buy、 make、 d等o ；“七 給” 一 “帶” to不少、 “ 買 ” 畫 “ 制作” for來(lái)了；帶雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞 、假如把直接賓語(yǔ)置于間接賓語(yǔ)之前、必需在變換時(shí)加 “to ”或“for ”；這 11 個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞可以概括如下：1.“七給” give、

9、 pass、 lend、 write、 show、 send、 han和d“帶” bring 8個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞 、在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí) 、必需在后面加上 “to；”即“ vt. + sth. +to + sb. ” 如： he lent some moneyto me.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載類似動(dòng)詞的仍有： get、 mail、 offer、pay、 promise、 read、 sell、 take、 teac等h2.“ buy”買；“ draw”畫 ；“ make”制作三個(gè)動(dòng)詞 、在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí) 、就必需在后邊加 “ for 構(gòu)”成、“ vt. + sth. +for +

10、 sb. ；”如： mother bought a new dressfor me；類似的動(dòng)詞仍有： build ,choose、 cook、 cut、 do、 find、 fix、 leave、 order等；3.當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí),間接賓語(yǔ)for 和 to 于直接賓語(yǔ)之后如： richard madeit for him ；理查德為他做的這個(gè)東西give it to me ； 把 它 給 我4.有些動(dòng)詞后可單獨(dú)用直接賓語(yǔ).間接賓語(yǔ)或雙賓語(yǔ),如ask、 teach、 tell、 owe、 pay.i asked john. 我問(wèn)約翰i asked a question. 我問(wèn)了一個(gè)問(wèn)題精品學(xué)

11、習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載i asked john a question我.問(wèn)了約翰一個(gè)問(wèn)題精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載< 2 >復(fù)合賓語(yǔ) （賓語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）,例如： they elected him their monitor.賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（五）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ：用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn).狀態(tài)或身份,賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可由名詞.object complement形容詞.副詞.不定式.分詞.介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)；并與賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子成分, 叫做 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ；英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞, 除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外, 仍要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 才能使句子的意義完整

12、； 帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為： 某些及物動(dòng)詞（如 make、 let、 see、 find、 name等）或介詞（如 with ）+ 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ)；例如：his father named him dong ming. 名詞 they painted their boat white. 形 容 詞 let the fresh air in.（副詞）i ask him to go home now.不定式 we saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞） he found the door locked.（過(guò)去分詞）we found everything in the l

13、ab in good order.（介詞短語(yǔ)）we will soon make our city what your city is now.從句 （六）定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞.短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)；定語(yǔ)可由名詞.形容詞.attributive代詞.數(shù)詞.副詞.介詞短語(yǔ).不定式.分詞等來(lái)充當(dāng)；guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載china is a developing country.（現(xiàn)在分詞）america is a developed country.（過(guò)去分詞）there are thirty women t

14、eachers in our school.（名詞）his maths is very good.（形容詞性物主代詞）i am the last person to leave the classroom.（不定式）the teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞）he is reading an article about how to learn german.（介詞短語(yǔ)）（七）狀語(yǔ)： 用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞.形容詞.副詞或整個(gè)句子,表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間.adverbial地點(diǎn).目的.方式.程度等；一般由副詞.名詞.介詞短語(yǔ).不定式.從句

15、或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞組或短語(yǔ)等來(lái)充當(dāng)；如：light travels most quickly.副詞性詞組 he has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語(yǔ)）he is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination不. 定式 he is in the room making a model plane.現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ) wait a minute.（名詞）once you begin、 you must continue.（狀語(yǔ)從句）狀語(yǔ)種類： 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).緣由狀語(yǔ).條件狀語(yǔ).地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

16、.方式狀語(yǔ).目的狀語(yǔ).結(jié)果狀語(yǔ).讓步狀語(yǔ).相伴狀語(yǔ).比較狀語(yǔ)等；如：how about meeting again at six.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）last night he didn t go to the dancbeepcaaurtsye of the rain. （緣由狀語(yǔ)）精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載i shall go thereif it doesn. t rain（條件狀語(yǔ)從句）精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載mr. smith lived on the third floor.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)） she put the eggs into the bask

17、et with great care.（方式狀語(yǔ)） she came in with a book in her hand.（相伴狀語(yǔ)） in order to catch up with the others、 i must work harder. （目的狀語(yǔ)） he was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句） she works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）i am taller than he is.（比較狀語(yǔ)從句）八.獨(dú)立成分：與全句沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法關(guān)系的句子成分叫做句子的獨(dú)立成分感嘆

18、詞： oh、 hello、 aha、 ah、等；確定詞 :yes否定詞 :no精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載稱呼語(yǔ)：稱呼人的用語(yǔ)；插入語(yǔ)：一些句中插入的i think 、 i believe、如: the story、 i think、 has never come to the end.等；我信任 、這個(gè)故事仍遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)終止.句子成分練習(xí)題 一 1. 指出以下句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞（4 分） the teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. there is an old man coming here

19、. the useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. to do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞（10 分）（） i don't like the picture on the wall.a. don'tb. likec. pictured. wall（） the days get longer and longer when summer comes.a. getb. longer

20、c. daysd. summer（） do you usually go to school by bus.a. dob. usuallyc.god. bus（） there will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.a. will beb. meetingc. the libraryd. afternoon（） did the twins have porridge for their breakfast.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載a. didb. twinsc. haved. breakfast（） tom didn

21、't do his homework yesterday.a. tomb. didn'tc. dod. his homework（） what i want to tell you is this.a. wantb. to tellc. youd. is（） we had better send for a doctor.a. web. hadc. sendd. doctor（） he is interested in music.a. isb. interestedc. ind. music（） whom did you give my book to.a. giveb. d

22、idc. whomd. book3. 找出以下句中的表語(yǔ)（5 分） the old man was feeling very tired. why is he worried about jim. the leaves have turned yellow. soon they all became interested in the subject. she was the first to learn about it.4. 挑出以下句中的賓語(yǔ)（10 分） my brother hasn't done his homework. people all over the world

23、speak english. you must pay good attention to your pronunciation. how many new words did you learn last class. some of the students in the school want to go swimming、 how about you. the old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. they made him monitor of the class. go across the bridge and you will

24、 find the museum on the left. you will find it useful after you leave school. they didn't know who "father christmas"really is.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載5. 劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)（5 分） please tell us a story. my father bought a new bike for me last week. mr li is going to teach us history next ter

25、m. here is a pen. give it to tom. did he leave any message for me.6. 挑出以下句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（6 分） she likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. he asked her to take the boy out of school. she found it difficult to do the work. they call me lily sometimes. i saw mr wang get on the bus

26、. did you see li ming playing football on the playground just now.7. 找出以下句中的定語(yǔ)（6 分） they use mr、 mrs with the family name. what is your given name. on the third lap are class 1 and class 3. i am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. the man downstairs was trying to sleep. i am waiting for th

27、e sound of the other shoe.8. 找出以下句中的狀語(yǔ)（8 分） there was a big smile on her face. every night he heard the noise upstairs. he began to learn english when he was eleven. the man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. with the medicine box under her arm、 miss li hurried off. she loves the library beca

28、use she loves books.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載 i am afraid that if you've lost it、 you must pay for it. the students followed uncle wang to see the other machine.句子成分練習(xí)題 一 答案1. teacher man dictionary to do2. b a c a c c d c a a3. tired. worriedyellow.i nterestedthe first4. homework. english. attent

29、ionwords to go swimming he was ill. him monitor bridge museum itschool. who"father christmas"really is.5. us、 間接賓語(yǔ)a story、 直接賓語(yǔ) me、 間接賓語(yǔ)a new bike、 直接賓語(yǔ) us、 間接賓語(yǔ)history、 直接賓語(yǔ) tom、 間接賓語(yǔ)it、直接賓語(yǔ) me、 間接賓語(yǔ)message、 直接賓語(yǔ)6. to read newspapers and books to take the boy difficult lilyget on the bus

30、playing football7. familygiventhird some downstairs of the other shoe.8. on her face. every night when he was eleven. too fast. with the medicine box under her arm because she loves books. if youve lost it to see the other machine.劃分句子成分練習(xí)題（1） 1.they are working on the farm now.2. seeing is believin

31、g精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載3. all of us like kobe bryantverymuch 4.she becamea doctorin 19985.the book lying on the floor are mine 6.suddenly it begins to rain7.to catch the train 、i got up early yesterday8.i always find her happy9. hewondersifistillstudyenglish10. theletterwhichireceivedthedaybeforeye

32、sterdaywasafriendof mine11. we always work hard at english. 12.he said he didn't come.13.they love each other. 14.what did you bye.15.she watched her daughter playing the piano. 16.your job today is to help the old.17. speaking doesn't mean doing.18. bye the time i got to the station、the tra

33、in had left.19. the children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 20.it takes me an hour to get there.答案：1they 主語(yǔ)）are working （系表結(jié)構(gòu)做謂語(yǔ)）on the farm（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）now （時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） . 2.seeing（動(dòng)詞 ing 做主語(yǔ)） is（謂語(yǔ)）believing（賓語(yǔ)）3. all of us （主語(yǔ)）like（謂語(yǔ)） kobe bryant（賓語(yǔ)） very much（程度副詞狀語(yǔ)）4.

34、 she（主語(yǔ)）became（謂語(yǔ)）a doctor （賓語(yǔ)） in 1998（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）5. the book （主語(yǔ)）lying on the floor （補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）are（謂語(yǔ)）mine （賓語(yǔ)）精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載6. suddenly （狀語(yǔ)） it （形式主語(yǔ)）began to rain （謂語(yǔ)）7. to catch the train 、 （目的狀語(yǔ)）i（主語(yǔ)）got up （謂語(yǔ)） early yesterday（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）8.i（主語(yǔ)）always find （謂語(yǔ)）her （賓語(yǔ)） happy （狀語(yǔ)）9. he （主語(yǔ)） wonders （謂語(yǔ)）

35、 if i（條件句中的主語(yǔ)）still study （條件句中的謂語(yǔ)）english （條件句中的賓語(yǔ)）整個(gè)條件句做主干的賓語(yǔ)10. the letter （主語(yǔ)）which i received the day before yesterday （定語(yǔ)從句）was（謂語(yǔ)）a friend of mine（賓語(yǔ)）1. wealwaysworkhardat english ；主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)2. hesaidhedidn't come.主句主語(yǔ)主句謂語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)3. theyloveeach other.主謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)4. whatdidyoubye.賓助動(dòng)詞主謂5. shewat

36、chedher daughterplaying the piano.主謂賓賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)6. your job todayisto help the old. - 主定語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)7. speaking doesn't mean doing. 主謂賓8. bye the time i got to the station、the trainhad left.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主句主語(yǔ)主句謂語(yǔ)9. the children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)their marriage.10.

37、ittakesme an hour to get there.形式主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)真正主語(yǔ)（一 . 指出以下句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞劃分句子成分練習(xí)題 2精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載 the teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. there is an old man coming here. the useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. to do today's homework without the精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)

38、資料 - - - 歡迎下載teacher's help is very difficult.二.選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞 i don't like the picture on the wall.a. don't b. like c. picture d. wall the days get longer and longer when summer comes.a. get b. longer c. days d. summer do you usually go to school by bus.a. do b. usually c. go d. bus there w

39、ill be a meeting at the library this afternoon.a. will be b. meeting c. the library d.afternoon did the twins have porridge for theirbreakfast.a. did b. twins c. have d. breakfast tom didn't do his homework yesterday.a. tom b. didn't c. do d. his homework what i want to tell you is this.a. w

40、ant b. to tell c. you d. is we had better send for a doctor.a. we b. had c. send d. doctor he is interested in music.a. is b. interested c. in d. music whom did you give my book to.a. give b. did c. whom d. book精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載三挑出以下句中的賓語(yǔ) my brother hasn't done his homework.abcd people all

41、 over the world speak english.abcd you must pay good attention to your pronunciation.abcd how many new words did you learn last class.abcd some of the students in the school want to go swimming、 how about you.abcd the old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.abcd they made him monitor of the clas

42、s.abcd go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.abcd you will find it useful after you leave school.abcd they didn't know who "father christmas" really is.abcd四挑出以下句中的表語(yǔ) the old man was feeling very tired.abcd why is he worried about jim.abcd the leaves have turned yellow.abcd soon they all became interested in the subject.abcd12精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載 she was the first to learn about it.abcd五挑出以下句中的定語(yǔ) they use mr. mrs. with the family name.abcd what is your given name.abcd on t