2015年考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案(完整版)

1、2015 年考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案（完整版）section i use of english directions: read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a,b,c or d on answer sheet 1.(10 points) in our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with - or even looking at - a stranger is virtually unbearab

2、le. everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without a 1 on a subway. it s a sad reality - our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings- because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. but you wouldnt know it, 3 into your ph

3、one. this universal protection sends the 4 :please don t approach me.what is it that makes us feel we need to hid 5 our screens? one answer is fear, according to jon wortmann, an executive mental coach. we fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as weird. we fear well be 7 . w

4、e fear well be disruptive.strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. to avoid this uneasiness, we 10 to turn our phones. phones become our security blanket, wortmann says. they are our happy glasses that

5、 protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .but once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesnt12 so bad. in one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists nicholas epley and juliana schroeder asked c ommuters todo the unthinkable:start a 13 . they

6、had chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . when dr. epley and ms. schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how the would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on thier own, the new york times summarizes. tho

7、ugh the participants didnt expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, not a single person reported having been embarrassed.18 these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of socia

8、l connections. its that 20 : talking to strangers can make you feel connected. 1.aticket bpermit csignal drecord 2.anothing blittle canother dmuch 3.abeaten bguided cplugged dbrought 4.amessage bcode cnotice dsign 5.aunder bbeyond cbehind dfrom 6.amisinterpreted bmisapplied cmisadjusted dmismatched

9、7.afired bjudged creplaced ddelayed 8.aunreasonable bungrateful cunconventional dunfamiliar 9.acomfortable b anxious c confident dangry 10.aattend bpoint ctake dturn 11.adangerous b mysterious cviolent dboring 12.ahurt b resist cbend ddecay 13.alecture bconversation cdebate dnegotiation 14.atrainees

10、 bemployees cresearchers dpassengers 15.areveal bchoose cpredict ddesign 16.avoyage bflight cwalk dride 17.awent through bdid away ccaught up dput up 18.ain turn bin particular cin fact din consequence 19. aunless bsince cif dwhereas 20. afunny bsimple clogical drare section ii reading comprehension

11、 part a directions: read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a,b,c,or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1.(40 points) text 1 a new study suggests that contrary to most surveys ，people are actually more stressed at home than at work. researchers measured peop

12、les cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at were work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge. further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home.write one o

13、f the researchers, sarah damaske.in fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes, it is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. this is why people w

14、ho work outside the home have better health. what the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work when theyre at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. for many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. for women who say home, they never ge

15、t to leave the office. and for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch upwithhousehold tasks. with the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, its not surprising that women are more stressed at

16、home. but its not just a gender thing. at work, people pretty much know what theyre supposed to be doing： working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. the bargain is very pure; employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out lifesustain

17、ing moola. on the home front, however, people have no such clarity. rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. there are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them. your home colleaguesyour familyhave no clear rewards

18、 for most of them. your home colleagues your familyhave no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if theyre teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. plus, theyre your family. you cannot fire your family. you never really get to go home from ho

19、me. so it s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the coworkers are much harder to motivate. 21.according to paragraph 1 ，most previous surveys found that home . awas an unrealistic place for relaxation bgenerated more stress than the workp

20、lace cwas an ideal place for stress measurement doffered greater relaxation than the workplace 22.according to damaske，who are likely to be the happiest at home? aworking mothers bchildless husbands cchildless wives dworking fathers 23.the blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact that .at

21、hey are both bread winners and housewives btheir home is also a place for kicking back cthere is often much housework left behind dit is difficult for them to leave their office 24.the word moola(tine 4，para 4)most probably means . aenergy bskills cearnings dnutrition 25.the home front differs from

22、the workplace in that . ahome is hardly a cozier working environment bdivision of labor at home is seldom clear-cut chousehold tasks are generally more motivating dfamily labor is often adequately rewarded text 2 for years, studies have found that first-generation college student those who do not ha

23、ve a parent with a college degree lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. their grades are lower than and their dropout rates are higher. but since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed

24、 for decades to recruit more of them. this has created a paradox in that recruiting first-generation student, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close. an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressin

25、g beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal psychological science. but the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (me

26、asured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students. the authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. first generation was defined as not ha

27、ving parent with four-year college degree. most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of pell grants, a federal grant of undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with four-year degree. their thesis

28、 that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. they cite past research by several authors to show th

29、at this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap. many first- generation students struggled to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ?rules of the game, and take advantage of collegeresources, they write. and this becomes more of a problem when college

30、s dont talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students. because us colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational experiences, many first-generation students lack of sight about why they are struggling and do not unders

31、tand students ?like them can improve.26. recruiting more first-generation students has . a. reduced their dropout rates b. narrowed the achievement gap c. missed its original purpose d. depressed college students 27. the author of the research article are optimistic because . a. the problem is solva

32、ble b. their approach is costless c. the recruiting rate has increased d. their findings appeal to students 28. the study suggests that most first-generation students . a. study at private universities b. are from single-parent families c. are in need of financial support d. have failed their colleg

33、e 29. the author of the paper believe that first-generation students . a. are actually indifferent to the achievement gap b. can have a potential influence on other projects c. may lack opportunities to apply research projects d. are inexperienced in handling their issues at college 30. we may infer

34、 from the last paragraph that . a. universities often reject the culture of their middle-class b. students are usually to blame for their lack of resources c. social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences. d.colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question text 3 even in tradi

35、tional offices, the lingua franca of corporate america has gotten much more emotional and much more right- brained than it was 20 years ago, said harvard business school professor nancy koehn. she started spinning off examples. if you and i parachuted back to fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would

36、see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. there were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didnt talk about energy; we didnt talk about passion.koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very team-orientedand not by coincidence. let

37、 s not forget sportsin male-dominated corporate america, its still a big deal. its not explicitly conscious; its the idea that im a coach, and youre my team, and were in this together. there are lots and lots of ceos in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is th

38、eir team and they want to win.these terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning and, as khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. you have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: terms like v

39、ision, values, passion, and purpose, said khurana.this new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work- life balance. the mommy wars of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still cant have it all and book

40、s like sheryl sandbergs lean in, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. but if your work is your passion, you ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even

41、 if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed. but this seems to be the irony of office speak: everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. as nunberg said, you can get people to think its nonse

42、nse at the same time that you buy into it. in a workplace thats fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your workand how your work defines who you are. 31. according to nancy koehn ,office languages become_. a more emotional b mo

43、re objective c less energetic d less strategic 32. team -oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_. a historical incidents b gender difference c sports culture d athletic executives 33.khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to_. a revive historical terms b promote compa

44、ny image c forster corporate cooperation d strengthen employee loyalty 34.it can be inferred that lean in_. avoices for working women b appeals to passionate workaholics c triggers debates among mommies d praises motivated employees 35.which of the following statements is ture about office speak? am

45、anagers admire it but avoid it. b linguists believe it to be nonsense. ccompanies find it to be fundamental. d regular people mock it but accept it. text 4 many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the labor department reported for june, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1percent, a

46、s good news. and they were right. for now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. we still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace. however, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was la

47、rgely overlooked. there was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. this figure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year ago level. before explaining the connection to the obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. many people who work part-time w

48、ork because this is all they can get. an increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet. there was an increase in involuntary part-time in june, but the general direction has been down.

49、 involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent) from is its year level. we know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. the survey used by the labor department asks people if

50、they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. if the answer is yes, they are classified as working part-time. the survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. they are only classified as vo

51、luntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week. the issue of voluntary part-time relates to obamacare because one of the main purpose was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. for many people, especially those with serious healt

52、h conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance. however, obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through medicaid or the exchanges. these are people who m

53、ay previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. with obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance. 36.which part of the jobs picture was neglected? a the prospect of a thriving job market. b the

54、increase of voluntary part-time jobs. c the possibility of full employment. d the acceleration of job creation. 37.many people work part-time because they_. a prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs. b feel that is enough to make ends meet. c cannot get their hands on full-time jobs. d haven t seen

55、the weakness of the market.38.involuntary part-time employment in the us_. a is harder to acquire than one year ago. b shows a general tendency of decline. c satisfies the real need of the jobless. d is lower than befor the recession. 39.it can be learned that with obamacare,_. a it is no longer eas

56、y for part-times to get insurance. b employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance. c it is still challenging to get insurance for family members. d full-time employment is still essential for insurance. 40.the text mainly discusses_. a employment in the us. b part-timer clssification. c i

57、nsurance through medicaid. d obamacare s trouble.part b directions: read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list a-g for each paragraph (41-45). there are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. mark your answers on the answer sh

58、eet. (10 points) ayou are not alone bdon t fear responsibility for your lifecpave your own unique path d most of your fears are unreal e think about the present moment fexperience helps you grow gthere are many things to be grateful for some old truths to help you overcome tough times unfortunately,

59、 life is not a bed of roses. we are going through life facing sad experiences. moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they wont

60、last forever. when our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. i want to share these old truths ive learned along the