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1、形容詞第一章 比較級、最高級變化一覽表規(guī)則變化1. 單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的詞尾加上er ”“ est” 構(gòu)成比較級、最高級:broad (廣闊的)一clean (干凈的)bright (明亮的)brighter brightestbroader broadestcheap (便宜 的) cheaper cheapest cleanestcleanercoldercoldest cold (寒冷的)一聰明的)clever (一cleverer cleverest coolest (黑暗的)darkcoo(l 涼的) coolerdarkestdarker deep (深的)dear (貴的) d

2、earerdearest deepestdeeperfewest few (少的)fewer fasterfast (迅速的) fastestgreatest (困難的,硬的)hardgreatergreat (偉大的) hardest harderhigherhigh (高的)highest(善良的)kindkindestkinder-longest long (長的)longer lightest lighterlight(輕的)lowlowest loudest lower (低的) louder (響亮的) loud( near 近的) nearernearest newest new

3、er (新的)newquick (快的)poorest poorer (窮的)poorquickest quickerquietest quieter安靜的)(quiet richest richer (富裕的) rich/ 114short (短的) shorter shortest slowestsmall (小的)smallersmallestsmarter smartestsoft (柔軟的)softer softeststronger strongestsweet (甜的) sweetersweetesttallestthick( 厚的) thicker thickest warme

4、stweak (弱的) weaker weakestslow (慢的)slowersmart (聰明的)一strong (強(qiáng)壯的)一tall (高的) -taller -warm (溫暖的)warmeryoung (年輕的) younger youngest2 以一個(gè)元音加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞(即重讀閉音節(jié)詞)雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母er , -estbig (大白 bigger- biggesthot(熱的)一hotter-hottestsad (傷心的)sadder saddest thinnestwet (濕的)wetter wettest maddestfat (胖白 fatter-f

5、attestred( 紅的) redder reddestthin (瘦的) thinnermad (瘋的)madder特別提醒:new, few, slow, clea高詞含有字母組合,且發(fā)的是長元音,不用雙寫。3.以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞,加上“r” “st”構(gòu)成比較級、abl(e 能干的) abler ablest bravestclose (接近的) closer closest finer finestlarge (巨大的)一larger largest latest2 / 14brav(e 勇敢的) braverfine (好的,完美的)late (遲的)一later最高級:r

6、ipe (成熟的)一ripersafe (安全的)一nice (好的)nicer nicest ripestrude (粗魯?shù)模?ruderrudestsafer safeststrange(奇怪的) stranger strangestwide (寬廣的) wider widestwise(睿智的,聰明的)一wiser-wisestwhite (白的)一whiter whitest4. “以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞改y為i,再加-er,-estbusy (忙碌的) 一 busier busiest dirtiestdry (干燥的)一drier-driest earliesteas(y 容易的

7、) easier easiest friendliestfunny (好玩的)funnier funniesthappier happiestdirty (臟的) dirtierearly (早的) earlierfriendly( 友好的) friendlierhappy (開心的)一healthy( 健康的) healthier healthiest heaviesthungry (餓的)hungrierhungriestheavy( 重的) heavierlazy (懶惰的)一lazier laziestlucky (幸運(yùn)的) luckierluckiestnaughtier naugh

8、tiestnoisy (嘈雜的) noisiernoisiestnaughty (調(diào)皮的)一pretty (美麗的)prettier prettiestsilly(傻的)一sillier-silliestspicy(辣的)spicier spiciestthirsty (渴的) thirstierthirstiestugly (丑的) uglier ugliest5.雙音節(jié)、多音節(jié)形容詞(即音標(biāo)中含有三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上元音音素的詞 ),在單詞前面加上“ more”“ most” 構(gòu)成比較級、最高級:3 / 14afraid (害怕的)more afraid most afraidbeautiful

9、 (美麗的) more beautiful most beautifulcareful (仔細(xì)的)一 more carefulmost carefulcheerful (開心的) more cheerful most cheerfulcrowded (擁擠的) more crowded most crowdeddangerous (危險(xiǎn)的) more dangerous most dangerousdelicious (美味的) more delicious most deliciousdifficult (困難的) more difficult most difficultexciting

10、(令人興奮的)一 more excitingmost excitingexpensive (昂貴的) more expensive most expensivefamous (著名的) more famous most famousfrightened (受驚的) more frightened most frightenedfrightening (人害怕的) more frightening most frighteninghard-working (勤奮的) more hard-working most hard-workinghelpful (有幫助的) more helpful mo

11、st helpfulhonest (誠實(shí)的) more honestmost honestimportant (重要的) more important most importantinteresting (有趣的) more interesting most interestingpolite (有禮貌的) more polite most politeterrible (可怕的)more terrible most terribletired (累的) more tired most tired4 / 14特別提醒:以形容前綴un 構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況,如: unhappy-un

12、happier-unhappiest, untidy-untidier-untidiest6. 以形容詞+ly 構(gòu)成的副詞要在前面加more, mostSlowly-more slowly-most slowly quickly-more quickly-most quickly特別提醒:early -earlier-earliest7. 由 ing 分詞和 -ed 分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動詞如know known)只能加more或most來表示它們的比較級和最高級。interesting- more interesting -most interestingexcited- mor

13、e excited - most excitingtired- more tired - most tired boring-more boring -most boring不規(guī)則變化bad (壞的) worseworstfar (遠(yuǎn)的)farther farthest (far further furthest)good (好的) better-bestill (病的)worse worstlittle (少的)less leastmany (多的)一 moremostmuch (多的)一 moremostold (年老的)older oldest ( old elder eldest)we

14、ll (的,身體(的)better best5 / 14特別提醒:further不僅可以指“距離更遠(yuǎn)”,還可指“程度更深”。記住以下三個(gè)詞組:further study(進(jìn)修)further education(繼續(xù)教育)further information (進(jìn)一步的信息) elder僅用于同輩之間的排行,如:elder sister(姐姐)elder brother/ECEC (哥哥 ) less作為“更少”僅用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞,修飾可數(shù)名詞表示“更少”要用fewer 。第二章 形容詞副詞比較級較難考點(diǎn)少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞前面加 more, most構(gòu)成比較級和最高級,這類形容詞一般為表語形容詞

15、和由過去分詞變成的形容詞afraid -more afraid, most afraidtired - more tired , most tiredfond - more fond , most fondglad -more glad , most gladpleased more pleased ,bored - more bored , most bored most pleased下列形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級有兩種形式,即:既可加-er/ -est 也可加 more/moststrict, often, friendly, clever下列形容詞和副詞沒有比較級和最高(即表示“最高

16、程度”或“絕對狀態(tài)”的形容詞和副詞沒有比較級和最高級)如: empty, wrong,perfect, unique, extreme,excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely .比較應(yīng)在同類事物之間進(jìn)行。誤: Your English is better than me.正: Your English is better than mine.6 / 14比較級前可以有一個(gè)表示程度的狀語,最常見的三大修飾詞是:alittle,much, even。以下單詞也可用來修飾: any, far, still, a lot, yet,

17、rather。My sister is a little taller than me.Their house is much larger than ours.另外,名詞短語也可修飾比較級,說明程度。I'm three years older than he.特別提醒: very, quite, too 不可修飾比較級。避免重復(fù)使用比較級。誤: He is more kinder to small animals than I.正: He is much kinder to small animals than I.誤: He is more cleverer than his br

18、other.正: He is cleverer than his brother.比較要符合邏輯,在同一范圍內(nèi)比較時(shí),避免將主語含在比較對象中,這時(shí)需使用 other 來排除自身。誤: China is larger that any country in Asia.正: China is larger than any other country in Asia.誤: John studies harder than any student in his class.正: John studies harder than any other student in his class.正: J

19、ohn studies harder than any of the other students in his class.正: John studies harder than anyone else in his class. 7 / 14比較要遵循前后一致的原則,注意前后呼應(yīng)。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。Africa is the second largest continent

20、.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.為避免重復(fù),我們通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。 that 代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞, those 代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。one 既可指人又可指物,只能代替可數(shù)名詞。The weather in China is different from that in America.The book on the table is more int

21、eresting than that域 the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.誤:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.正:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. “否定詞+比較級”相當(dāng)于最高級。Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?I coul

22、dn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me.Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.比較級前一般不加冠詞。但表示兩者中較突出者,且比較級后又有 名詞或出現(xiàn)了of the two ,這時(shí)比較級前一定要加 the。8 / 14He is the taller of the two.Of the two jobs , he chose the harder.Which is the younger one, Lily

23、or Lucy?試比較:Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.不含than的比較級前可加不定冠詞修飾,構(gòu)成“a/an+比較級+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表示“一個(gè)更的人/物”。Why don't you use a sharper knife? 你為什么不用一把更鋒利的刀呢?比較級than后應(yīng)用人稱代詞的主格,但非正式語體中

24、常用賓格。He is taller than I/me.為避免重復(fù),比較級中同樣的動詞用助動詞do, does, did替代。I spend less time doing homework than John does.She tells more funny jokes than we do.以下內(nèi)容不是初中教學(xué)的重點(diǎn),僅供拓展之用。形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義,只表示“非?!?。It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法A is three(four, etc.)times t

25、he size(height, length etc.)of B.9 / 14The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(高) / 這座新樓比那座舊樓大(高)三倍。 A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲 大三倍。 A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher,

26、longer, etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大 三倍。 用 times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上, 兩倍可以用 twice 或 double.第三章 形容詞副詞比較級最高級重點(diǎn)句型歸納句型一:形容詞或副詞比較級+than注意事項(xiàng):該句型為比較級的最基本句型。 只要看到 than , 即可確定前面使用比較級。He is taller than I am.The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.句型二:less +形容詞的原級 +

27、 than注意事項(xiàng):該句型表示“不如、不及”,特別需要注意的是,less本身就是little后面必須跟形容詞的原級, 否定就造成了比較級的重復(fù)使用。句型三:as +容詞或副詞的原級+ as注意事項(xiàng):該句型表示對比的兩者程度相當(dāng),as之間必須跟形容詞或副詞的原級,決不能使用比較級。此外,還要確定使用形容詞還是副詞。確定的依據(jù)就是根據(jù)10 / 14第一個(gè)as前的動詞,如果是系動詞(如be,感官動詞look, sound, smell,taste, feel 等) ,那么就用形容詞的原級,如果前面的動詞是一般的實(shí)義動詞,那么就必須用副詞的原級修飾動詞。This lesson is as easy a

28、s that one.Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.特別提醒:as-as之間也可以跟名詞,句型如下: as +形容詞+ a/an +單數(shù)名詞+asHe is as kind a person as his father他和他爸爸一樣都是善良的人。 as + many/much杯可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+asI can carry as much paper as you can你能搬多少紙, 我也能。I have as many books as you do.我的書和你的樣多。We'll give you as

29、 much help as we can我們將盡我們所能給你幫助。其它幾個(gè)關(guān)于as, - * as的句型: as as one can: 盡其所能He began to run as fast as he could. as as possible 盡可能Please help us as quickly as possible. as soon asi就句型四:not as/so +形容詞或副詞的原級+ as注意事項(xiàng):該句型表示“前者不如后者”,往往可以與句型一和句型二替換。第一個(gè)as可以換為so。 11 / 14This classroom is not as bright as your

30、s.I cannot run as fast as you.句型五:the +形容詞或副詞最高級+ in / of/ among +比較范圍注意事項(xiàng):如果這里為副詞最高級,前面的 the 常常省略。介詞 in 和 of 的用法完全不一樣。 in 表示 “在某一范圍內(nèi)” ,如: in the classroom, in the world 。of 表示“在同類之間” , of 后面的詞與主語同類,另名詞前一般有冠詞the。among表示“在(三者或三者以上)之間" ,among后接代詞或沒有修飾語的名詞。The Changjiang River is the longest river

31、 in our country.Peter is the tallest of the six students.This picture is the most beautiful among these.句型六:one of +形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式注意事項(xiàng):one of 有三大考點(diǎn): 1. 后跟形容詞最高級; 2. 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式; 3.作主語時(shí)主語為one,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.句型七:比較級+and + 比較級/ more and more +多音節(jié)詞的原級注意事項(xiàng):該句型表示“越來越”,如果該形容詞比較級構(gòu)成形式加er,則用前面的句型; 如果該形容詞比較級加 more 構(gòu)成, 則用后面的句型。It is getting hotter and hot

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