《中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)》22晨讀暮省-2021年中考英語考綱核心詞匯50天通關(guān)之拓展讀練測

1、22晨讀暮省-2021年中考英語考綱核心詞匯50天通關(guān)之拓展讀練測（一）詞匯晨讀入心1. understandv.懂得，理解，明白；了解，知道；諒解，體諒詞形變化：過去式understood，過去分詞understood用法：make oneself understood清楚表達(dá)自己的意思；understand+ that/wh-從句。例如：im not very good at german, but i can make myself understood. 我德語不太好，不過我能說清楚自己的意思。you dont need to understand how computers work

2、 to be able to use them. 要使用計算機不需要非得搞懂它的工作原理。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：understanding adj.了解的額，有理解力的；n.諒解，理解；understandable adj.可以理解的反義詞：misunderstand v.誤解，誤會（2019，北京卷，閱讀c）to a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing.2. usev.&n.利用，使用，應(yīng)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：make (full/good) use of（充分）使用，利用；be in u

3、se在使用中；be of use (to sb.)（對某人）有用；for use供使用；easy to use使用方便；its no use doing sth.做某事沒用動詞用法：常用結(jié)構(gòu)有use sth. as sth.把某物用作；use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事；use sth. for (doing) sth.為（做）某事使用某物。例如：my parents use the house as a holiday home. 我父母把這房子用作度假屋。most people now use their cars to go shopping. 現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)人開車去購物。t

4、hey were using animals for scientific tests. 他們用動物做科學(xué)實驗。名詞用法：可數(shù)名詞，表示“用途，用處”。例如：robots have many different uses in modern industry. 機器人在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)中有多種不同用途。不可數(shù)名詞，表示“用，使用”，指用的動作，僅以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)；其后通常接介詞of。例如：the increasing use of computers in education 電腦在教育領(lǐng)域中越來越多的使用詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：used adj.二手的，使用過的；習(xí)慣的；usable adj.可用的；useful

5、adj.有用的，有益的，有幫助的；useless adj.無用的；usage n.使用；用法；user n.用戶，使用者（2019，山東卷，單項填空）20. a recent survey shows that 44 percent of americans want to use self-driving cars, _ 34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous.a. although b. because c. if3. usualadj.通常的，平常的，尋常的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：as usual像往常一樣，照例；

6、usual practice慣例，通常辦法用法：it is usual (for sb./sth.) (to do sth.)（某人）通常（做某事）；longer/higher/worse than usual比平時長/高/差。例如：it is usual to start a speech by thanking everybody for coming. 講話前先感謝大家光臨，這是慣例。he came home later than usual. 他回家比平時晚了些。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：usually adv.通常，經(jīng)常近義詞：normal adj.正常的，一般的（2019，江蘇卷，閱讀表達(dá)）i f

7、ind it very easy to lose myself in my diary when i am away from my usual activities.4. valuen.價值；益處關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：market value市場價值；economic value經(jīng)濟價值；social value社會價值用法：表示“價值”，與“錢”相關(guān)，相當(dāng)于cost；后跟介詞of。例如：to go up/rise/increase in value 升/增值；to go down/fall/drop in value 貶值表示“重要性，用/益處”，相當(dāng)于benefit，只作不可數(shù)名詞；be of gr

8、eat/little value很/沒有價值。例如：his research has been of little practical value. 他的研究沒有什么實用價值。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：valuable adj.有價值的；貴重的；n.貴重物品（2019，江蘇卷，填空）45. the book of poetry, the earliest collection of poems, is of great value in chinese (歷史).5. visitv.&n.參觀，游覽；訪問，拜訪，看望動詞用法：visit+某地，表示“參觀，游覽”；visit+某人，表示“拜訪，看望，訪

9、問”。例如：which cities did you visit in spain? 你在西班牙去了哪些城市？eric went to seattle to visit his cousins. 埃里克到西雅圖去看望他的表兄弟。名詞用法：pay a visit to sb./sth.參觀/拜訪。例如：if you have time, pay a visit to the local museum. 你若有空，參觀一下當(dāng)?shù)氐牟┪镳^。關(guān)聯(lián)單詞：visitor n.訪問者；參觀者（2019，北京卷，單項填空）10.if you want to visit the palace museum, i

10、tickets for you tomorrow.a. will bookb. bookedc. have bookedd. was booking6. voicen.說話聲；嗓音用法：特指唱歌的“聲音、音質(zhì)”。例如：sophies got a lovely singing voice. 索菲有一副悅耳的歌喉。表示“說話聲，嗓音”；常用搭配如speak in a deep/soft/loud/quiet voice 低沉地說、輕柔地說、大聲地說、輕聲地說；raise/lower your voice提高/壓低嗓門；keep ones voice down 說話輕一些。例如："the

11、police are here," she said in a low voice. “警察在這兒，”她低聲說。還可喻指“意見，呼聲”，或“發(fā)言權(quán)，表達(dá)意見的權(quán)利”；其后常接in sth.。例如：governments need to listen to the voice of people.政府需要傾聽民眾的呼聲。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：voiceless adj.無聲的；voiced adj.有聲的；濁音的（2019，江蘇卷，單項填空）9.could you speak in a loud voice so that i can hear you _?a. quicklyb. happily

12、c. slowlyd. clearly7. waitv.等（待），等候關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：cant wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事；wait and see走著瞧；keep sb. waiting讓某人等待用法：wait接賓語時通常先接for；wait (for sb./sth.) to do sth.等待（）做某事。例如：i sat waiting patiently for the party to end. 我耐心地坐著等待聚會結(jié)束。are you waiting to use the phone? 你在等著用電話嗎？口語中常用wait a minute/second/moment表

13、示“等一下；等等”。例如：wait a moment, just let me think. 等一下，讓我想想。（2019，北京卷，單項填空）1.mr. wang is coming to our school. i cant wait to see .a. herb. himc. itd. them8. warmadj.暖和的，溫暖的；熱情的用法：本義與溫度相關(guān)，可形容事物本事溫度適中；可形容身體感到溫暖；可形容衣服或建筑物保暖、防寒；常和keep/stay搭配使用。例如：here, put on your nice warm coat. 來，穿上你舒適暖和的大衣。make sure you

14、 keep warm! 一定要穿暖和點！喻指“熱情的，熱忱的”，相當(dāng)于friendly。例如：please give a warm welcome to our special guest. 請熱烈歡迎我們的特邀嘉賓。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：warmth n.溫暖，暖和；warmly adv.溫暖地；熱情地反義詞：cool adj.涼（爽）的：注意其近義詞cold（寒冷的）通常與hot（炎熱的）相對（2019，北京卷，閱讀a）my host mother is a chinese teacher and she is really warm-hearted.9. warnv.警告，提醒，告誡；預(yù)先通知用法：

15、warn sb. about/against sth.就某事警告某人；warn (sb.) of sth.警告某人某事；warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（不）做某事。warn sb. (that/wh-從句)。例如：he warned us against thieves. 他提醒我們要提防小偷。they warned him of the dangers of sailing alone. 他們警告他獨自航行的重重危險。i warned you not to walk home alone. 我告誡過你不要一個人走路回家。we warned them that th

16、ere was a tiger in the woods. 我們提醒他們，林子里有一只老虎。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：warning n.警告；預(yù)兆，預(yù)告（2019，湖南卷，語篇補全）in some places, fast currents（急流）can sweep swimmers away without warning.10. wastev.浪費；n.浪費；廢棄物動詞用法：waste sth. on sb./sth.在上浪費。例如：dont waste your time on computer games! 別把時間浪費在電腦游戲上！名詞用法：表示“浪費”，常用作單數(shù)形式，其后通常跟介詞of；常用于

17、短語be a waste of time/money/effort浪費時間/錢/精力。例如：we should never have gone- it was a total waste of time. 我們真不該去那純粹是浪費時間。表示“廢料，廢棄物，垃圾”，不可數(shù)名詞，但可以用wastes形式。例如：they do not know what to do with the waste. 他們不知道該怎樣處理這些廢物。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：wasteful adj.浪費的，不經(jīng)濟的；wastefully adv.浪費地；揮霍地（2019，閱讀卷，閱讀c）every year, lots of plas

18、tic waste goes into the ocean.11. watchv.觀看，注釋；當(dāng)心，注意；n.看守；監(jiān)視；手表，表動詞用法：與“看”相關(guān)，表示“觀看，注視，觀察”； watch () with interest/amusement饒有興致地看；watch sb./sth. do/doing sth.看著某人做某事（do和doing區(qū)別同see）；watch+ wh-從句。例如：i watched him go, then went home. 我看著他離去，然后回了家。she watched the kids playing in the room. 她看著孩子們在房間里玩。w

19、atch what i do, then you try. 你注意看我的動作，然后試著做。與“小心，留意”相關(guān)，表示“留心，注意（某事）；照看，照顧；關(guān)注”；watch out小心，留意；watch oneself當(dāng)心；watch+ that/wh-從句。例如：could you watch my bags for me while i buy a paper? 我去買份報紙，你能替我照看一下我的包嗎？hey, watch where you're going! 嘿，瞧著點路！名詞用法：取動詞相關(guān)含義，意為“注視，監(jiān)視；看守；值班”等；其后常接介詞on/over；be on watch

20、值班。例如：the police kept a close watch on our activities. 警察密切監(jiān)視著我們的活動。whos on watch tonight? 今晚誰值班？表示“表，手表；懷表”。例如：she kept looking anxiously at her watch. 她焦急不安地一個勁兒看表。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：watchful adj.注意的，警惕的；watchfully adv.警惕地；watcher n.觀察者；看守人（2019，浙江卷，完形）one evening charlie happened to be in the theatre _5_his mo

21、ther singing on stage.5. a. feelingb. keepingc. realizingd. watching12. weakadj.差的，弱的；不牢固的用法：指身體，表示“虛弱的，不強壯的”；too weak to do sth.太虛弱而不能做某事。例如：shes too weak to feed herself. 她虛弱得吃不動?xùn)|西。指物體，表示“不牢固的，易破的，已損壞的”，如a weak bridge 不牢固的橋指性格，表示“軟弱的，意志薄弱的”，含有貶義。例如：her husband is a weak man.她的丈夫是個懦弱的男人。形容缺少power，表

22、示“無權(quán)力的，無影響力的”。如weak leader/ruler/king軟弱的領(lǐng)袖/統(tǒng)治者/國王詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：weakly adv.虛弱地，無力地；軟弱地；weakness n.弱點；軟弱；weaken v.（使）變?nèi)?反義詞：strong adj.強壯的（2019，山東卷，單項填空）22. ants are pretty small. you might think that they _be rather weak. but what you might not know is that ants are actually very strong for their size.a. need

23、 b. can't c. must13. wealthn.財產(chǎn)，財富；富有用法：不可數(shù)名詞；可用于a wealth of sth.中，表示“大量的/豐富的某物”。例如：the new manager brings a great wealth of experience to the job. 新任經(jīng)理為這項工作帶來了豐富的經(jīng)驗。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：wealthy=rich adj.富有的，充分的；wealthily adv.豐富地；富有地（2019，湖北卷，閱讀b）once upon a time, a wealthy old man lived alone in a big house.14

24、. wearv.穿，戴；磨損詞形變化：過去式wore，過去分詞worn關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：wear away磨損，消磨，流逝用法：可指“穿戴/佩戴”衣服或飾物，也可指“蓄留”須發(fā)。例如：she wears her hair long. 她梳著長發(fā)。熟詞僻義：wear還可以表示“磨損，消耗，用舊”，通常與介詞out搭配使用；wear (sth.) out（使）磨損；用壞；wear sb./oneself out使疲乏，使筋疲力盡；其過去分詞形式worn out比較常見，worn-out可以放在名詞前作定語。例如：he wore out two pairs of shoes last year. 去年他穿壞

25、了兩雙鞋。you'll wear yourself out if you carry on working so hard. 你要是繼續(xù)這樣拼命工作，身體會吃不消的。these shoes are worn out. 這雙鞋破得不能再穿了。a pair of old worn-out walking shoes一雙穿破了的舊步行鞋can we sit down? i'm worn out. 我們能坐下嗎？我都累壞了。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：worn adj.疲倦的；用舊的；wearable adj.可穿戴的（2019，浙江卷，完形）i listened to the music she li

26、stened to, wore the clothes she wore.15. weighv.稱的重量；重（若干）；認(rèn)真考慮，權(quán)衡用法：作連系動詞，表示“重（若干），重量是”，后面接具體的重量。例如：do you know how much it weighs? 你知道它的重量嗎？作實義動詞，表示“稱的重量”。例如：he weighed some potatoes on the scales. 他用秤稱了一些土豆。熟詞僻義：還可表示“認(rèn)真考慮，權(quán)衡（某事）”，常用于weigh sth. against sth.在之間權(quán)衡。例如：we have to weigh the benefits ag

27、ainst the costs. 我們必須把好處和費用放在一起進(jìn)行權(quán)衡。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：weight n.重量；weighty adj.重大；重大的（2019，安徽卷，閱讀b）aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land. why? you weigh about 90% less in the pool.16. wholeadj.整個的，全部的；n.整體；整個事物關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：whole life一生；in the whole world普天之下；the whole day整天形容詞用法：僅用于名詞前；the whole school/co

28、untry/village等表示“全校/全國/全村等的人”。例如：the whole town came out for the celebration. 全鎮(zhèn)人都出來慶祝了。名詞用法：主要用于一些短語中，如：on the whole總的看來，總體而言；as a whole整個來看（表示所有部分都已考慮到）。例如：on the whole, i thought the film was pretty good. 總的來說，我認(rèn)為這部電影很不錯。the meeting will be great for our city and for the country as a whole. 這次會晤對

29、我們城市乃至整個國家都將是意義重大的。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：wholly adv.完全地，全部近義詞：full/complete adj.完全的，全部的（2019，浙江卷，語法填空）however, as soon as he started eating, his mouth began _54_ (burn), his eyes began to water, and his whole face became as red _55_ the fruit.17. winv.&n.獲勝，贏得詞形變化：過去式won，過去分詞won用法：可指在競賽、游戲、選舉、戰(zhàn)爭等中“獲勝，贏”，也可指“贏得、獲

30、得”獎品；可作及物動詞直接跟賓語，也可不及物；win at在中獲勝；win against sb.贏了某人；win by贏了（多少分）。例如：i never win at cards. 我打牌從來不贏。we won by just one point. 我們只贏了一分。表示通過努力或憑能力“獲得、取得（某物）”。常見搭配如win sb.s heart贏得某人的心；win sb.s support/trust贏得某人的支持/信任；win sth. from sb.從某人處獲得某物。例如：im trying to win support from my parents. 我在努力爭取父母親的支持。

31、關(guān)聯(lián)單詞：winner=victor n.勝利者；victory n.勝利反義詞：lose v.失敗；丟失；失去（2019，北京卷，閱讀b）sally wasnt worried about whether she would winin her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.18. wiseadj.聰明的，英明的，有見識的用法：可用來形容決定、意見、行動或選擇等“明智的，合理恰當(dāng)?shù)摹保部捎脕硇稳萑恕坝⒚鞯?，有智慧的”；wise后面常接to do sth.。例如：you wer

32、e wise not to go. 你沒有去是明智的。she has the air of a wise woman. 她有才女的氣質(zhì)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：wisely adv.明智地，聰明地；wisdom n.智慧，才智；明智近義詞：smart/clever adj.聰明的（2019年，江蘇卷，閱讀d）the king of my own country, the wise king solomon, likes this bright purple better than any other color.19. wishv.&n.愿望，祝愿；希望，想要；意愿關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：against sb.s

33、 wishes違反某人的意愿；make a wish許愿；wish list愿望清單動詞用法：表示“祝（愿）”，指祝某人好運、幸福等；wish sb. sth.祝某人某事；wish sb. well祝某人順利。例如：we wish you a merry christmas and a happy new year! 我們祝你圣誕快樂、新年幸福！my friends wished me well in my new job. 朋友們祝我新工作順利。表示“希望；想擁有”，相當(dāng)于if only的含義，通常指不可能或可能性很小的事；作及物動詞時，其后常接that從句，從句中的謂語動詞通常用過去式或者

34、借助would/could等詞，be動詞用was或were，已發(fā)生的事用had done結(jié)構(gòu)；作不及物動詞可用wish for sth.。例如：i wish they would explain things better. 我希望他們把事情解釋得更清楚i wish i were ten years younger. 我真希望自己年輕十歲。it was no use wishing for the impossible. 不可能的事情想也沒用。表示“想要，想做（某事）”，相當(dāng)于want或like；wish to do sth.想要做某事；(just) as you wish（正）如你所愿。例如

35、：if you wish to discuss it further, please let me know. 如您想進(jìn)一步討論此事，請告知我?！癷d like it to be ready by six.” “just as you wish, sir.” “我希望6點之前準(zhǔn)備好?！薄奥犇?，先生?！泵~用法：名詞wish后面也可接to do sth.或for sth.；常用good/best wishes (for sb.)短語；口語或書信中常用(with) best wishes表示“祝好”。例如：he had no wish to start a fight. 他無意挑釁。she as

36、ked me to pass on her good wishes to all her friends. 她請我向她所有的朋友轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)良好的祝愿。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：wishful(ly) adj.渴望的，寄予希望的同義詞：hope v.希望（2019年，山東卷，閱讀c）he wanted to see if his wish had really come true.20. wonderv. 對疑惑，感到驚奇；想知道用法：wonder about/at sth.對某事感到驚訝；wonder +wh-從句/if/whether從句；i wonder/was wondering if/whether在口語中

37、還可用于禮貌地要求某事，意為“我不知道是否；不知可不可以”。例如：sometimes i wonder about his behaviour. 有時我對他的行為感到驚訝。i wonder how james is getting on. 我想知道詹姆斯的近況。i was wondering if i could borrow your car? 請問我能否借一下你的汽車？詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：wonderful(ly) adj.奇妙的，極好的；wonderland n.奇境，仙境，非常奇妙的（2019年，山東卷，閱讀表達(dá)a）are you wondering what problems others h

38、ave?21. worthadj. 有的價值，值得的；n.價值形容詞用法：通常和be動詞連用，be worth (doing) sth.值錢；值得（做）某事；be (not) worth it（不）值得。例如：one of the pictures is worth £50,000. 其中一幅畫值5萬英鎊。the local museum is worth a visit. 當(dāng)?shù)剡@家博物館值得參觀。a lot of the small towns in the area are really worth visiting. 這個地區(qū)的許多小鎮(zhèn)確實值得去看一看。名詞用法：本義指金錢上的

39、“價值”，可喻指“意義，作用，重要性”；常用于ten pounds/$500 worth of sth.這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“價值10英鎊/500美元的東西”。例如：the new computer system has already proved its worth. 新的計算機系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)證明了它的價值。the fire caused thousands of pounds worth of loss. 火災(zāi)造成了數(shù)千英鎊的損失。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：worthy adj.值得的，有價值的；配得上的：be worthy of 值得的；worthless adj.無價值的，不值錢的；worthiness n.

40、值得，相當(dāng)，有價值同義詞：value n.價值（2019年，安徽卷，閱讀a）the island's blue sea, white-sand beaches and the forests are well worth seeing.22. woundv.傷，傷害；n.創(chuàng)傷，傷口動詞用法：通常使用過去分詞形式，用一些副詞搭配使用，如be badly/seriously wounded嚴(yán)重受傷。例如：five people were killed and many others were seriously wounded in the fight. 在打斗中五人死亡，多人受重傷。名詞

41、用法：前面常用一些名詞作定語修飾wound，如a leg/head wound腿傷/頭傷。例如：he suffered a serious gun wound in the war.在戰(zhàn)爭中他受了嚴(yán)重的槍傷。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：wounded adj.受傷的同義詞：hurt v.使受傷（2019年，江蘇卷，完形）a doctor treated the wound on her back and asked if 27 had any other injuries.27. a. she b. he c. it d. they23. youngadj.年輕的用法：本義指“幼小的，年輕的”，可喻指國家、組織

42、或?qū)W科“新興的，新成立的”；the young可以作名詞，表示“年輕人”；the younger可用于姓名之前或之后，以區(qū)別年紀(jì)長幼，如younger sister妹妹；william pitt the younger 小威廉·皮特。例如：when i was young, i wanted to be a model. 我年輕時候想當(dāng)模特。at that time, america was still a young nation. 當(dāng)時，美國還是個年輕的國家。it's a movie that will attract the young. 這部電影年輕人會感興趣。詞性轉(zhuǎn)

43、換：youth n.青年；青春；青少年時期：he had a dream of becoming a musician in his youth. 他年輕時有當(dāng)音樂家的夢想；youngster n.年輕人，少年反義詞：old/aged adj.老的，年邁的（2019年，山東卷，完形）but nowadays, the younger people do the traditional way less.（二）暮省練習(xí)鞏固一. 寫出這些單詞的漢語意義。1. village _ 2. voice _ 3. wake _4. whenever _ 5. which _ 6. while _7. wi

44、ll_ 8. window _ 9. winner _10. wonderful _ 11. wrong _ 12. wrote _13. yard_14. unpleasant _ 15. until _二. 按要求寫出下列詞匯的變化形式。1. village _(復(fù)數(shù)形式)2. wake_(過去式)_(過去分詞)3. window_(復(fù)數(shù)形式)4. wonderful_(副詞)5. write _(過去式)_(過去分詞) 6. unpleasant_(反義詞)三. 根據(jù)句意，用所給詞匯的正確形式填空。1. more and more _(village) have left their _(village) to work in the city.2. the boy _(wake) up and dresses himself e