2020年翻譯資格考試高級口譯模擬試題及解析

1、2020 年翻譯資格考試高級口譯模擬試題及解析翻譯段落：The effect of governmental expenditures on the total economy varies with both the level of utilization of labor and capital in the economy at the time of the expenditure, and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure. If the economy as a whole or the segme

2、nt of the economy which is the focus of the expenditure is operating at capacity or close to capacity, then the expenditure's major effects willtend to be inflationary, and will not generate much employment of capital and labor. If the economy or sector is operating at much less than full employ

3、ment, the expenditure will produce a genuine (non-inflationary) rise in the GNP.A true measure of the effect of governmental increase in the amount of money made available, then, is not the simple dollar value of the initial injection but the cumulative effect of this injection through spending and

4、re-spending. In the optimum case the initial expansion of income flow could be great enough to produce tax revenues in excess of the original "deficit spending" or the "tax cut", so that deficits are not only smaller than the increased GNP but are recouped. In Keynesian economics

5、 the fundamental point of government policy clearly is not budget-balancing but spending in the event of unused productive capacity and unemployment. Spending increases productivity. This productivity resulting from federal spending has overwhelmed the older economic myths of the balanced budget whe

6、re government is conceived of as just another business firm.參考譯文：政府支出對于整個經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響作用，受到以下兩個因素的制約。 第一，政府支出之時勞動力和資本的利用情況 ;第二，接受 （政府）支出 的經(jīng)濟(jì)部分。如果整個經(jīng)濟(jì)或接受 （政府） 支出的經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域充分地或接 近充分地發(fā)揮效能，那么政府支出的效果不會很大，所以資本和勞動 力也不會得到充分利用。而如果經(jīng)濟(jì)潛能并未充分發(fā)揮，政府支出則 會真正促動GNP勺增長。對于政府增加支出而產(chǎn)生的效果，真實(shí)的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并非在于最初 勺支出數(shù)額，而在于這個筆開支經(jīng)過多次投入而產(chǎn)生勺長期效果。 在 理想

7、勺情況下，最初勺收入增長產(chǎn)生勺稅收會超過最初勺“負(fù)債投入” 或“減免的稅收”。這樣，赤字不但小于 GNP勺增長，而且得到了補(bǔ) 償。凱恩斯勺經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論認(rèn)為，政府決策勺重點(diǎn)并非在于平衡預(yù)算， 而在于生產(chǎn)水平?jīng)]有得到充分發(fā)揮，失業(yè)率居高不下之時增加支出。 聯(lián)邦支出能夠促動生產(chǎn)水平這個理論使得傳統(tǒng)勺經(jīng)濟(jì)理論受到挑戰(zhàn)。 這是因?yàn)楹笳哒J(rèn)為政府應(yīng)發(fā)揮類似公司勺職能，盡力平衡預(yù)算。翻譯點(diǎn)評：1. The effect of governmental expenditures on the total economy varies with both the level of utilization of la

8、bor and capital in the economy at the time of the expenditure, and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure.關(guān)于本句斷句： 對于英語長句，原則上應(yīng)該實(shí)行斷句處理。斷句時，應(yīng)注意英語 動作名詞以及動詞勺標(biāo)記作用。本句一般情況下能夠分成三句處理。 The effect of governmental expenditures on the total economy 政府支出對整個經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生影響。 varies with both ：這種影響受制于 以下兩大因

9、素。 the level of utilization of labor and capital in the economy at the time of the expenditure, and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure：第一， 政府開支之時勞動力和資本的利用情況 ; 第二，接受開支的經(jīng)濟(jì)部分。 加上“第一”、“第二”使中文譯文更加具有條理性。翻譯具有某種 體裁特征的文章，也就是genre,譯者有必要對譯文用詞構(gòu)句作適當(dāng)?shù)?調(diào)整，以符合中文此類文章的口吻。在參考答案中，本句，乃至全文 的翻譯都經(jīng)過了一

10、定水準(zhǔn)的細(xì)微調(diào)整或者說“改寫”。關(guān)于定語從句的翻譯： 定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種。非限制 性定語從句一般可單獨(dú)譯成獨(dú)立的中文句子 ; 限制性定語從句則需根據(jù) 具體情況加以處理。 which receives the expenditure 作為限制性定 語從句修飾 the segment of the economy ,與先行詞關(guān)系密切,不宜 譯成獨(dú)立的中文句子。2. If the economy or sector is operating at much lessthan full employment, the expenditure will produce a

11、genuine (non-inflationary) rise in the GNP.關(guān)于 employment： 詞的準(zhǔn)確意思存有于上下文之中。這個斷言在這里得到了充分的 證實(shí)。很多考生誤以為這里的 employment與上句中的employment同 義。實(shí)際上，上句中的employme nt是“利用”的意思，而本句中的 employment 貝卩與 is operating at capacity or close to capacity 中的 capacity 相當(dāng),可譯為“發(fā)揮 ( 效能)”。這種利用上下文“引 申”、“猜測”詞義的水平在閱讀翻譯英美原版文章時尤為重要。3. A tr

12、ue measure of the effect of governmental increase in the amount of money made available, then, is not the simple dollar value of the initial injection but the cumulative effect of this injection through spending and respending.關(guān)于詞類轉(zhuǎn)換：本句 measure 一詞能夠不轉(zhuǎn)換詞類譯成中文名詞，也能夠轉(zhuǎn)換詞 類譯成中文動詞。前者譯文為：對于政府增加支出而產(chǎn)生的效果，真 實(shí)的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并非在于最初的支出數(shù)額，而在于這個筆開支經(jīng)過多次 投入而產(chǎn)生的