高一英語必修三導(dǎo)學(xué)案英語閱讀文體類型及閱讀理解答題技巧

1、高一閱讀專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練導(dǎo)學(xué)案第1 頁共 5 頁英語閱讀文體類型及閱讀理解答題技巧預(yù)習(xí)案英語閱讀文體類型簡(jiǎn)析高考英語閱讀常見的文體類型有：記敘文、議論文、說明文和應(yīng)用文。1 、記敘文。英語記敘文以描寫敘述為主，主要描寫人物、事件、地點(diǎn)、或過程。特點(diǎn)是，其主題往往潛伏在字里行間，沒有直接地表白出來；文章主旨要透過體察所揭示的人物、事件來進(jìn)行提煉。描寫手法大多按時(shí)間跨度、空間順序、上下順序來展開。閱讀記敘文體應(yīng)采取略讀和掃讀 的方法，快速抓住文中描寫的主要內(nèi)容，從整體上去把握文章的連貫性，進(jìn)而大體上揣測(cè)出作者的寫作意圖及情感主線。高考閱讀就記敘文設(shè)題大多以細(xì)節(jié) 理解為主。2 、議論文。英語議論文通常為三段

2、式，即“論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論”三部份組成。首先借助某一現(xiàn)象引出論點(diǎn)，然后通過一定論據(jù)從各個(gè)層面上加以推理論證，最后得出結(jié)論。 議論文體主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)論點(diǎn)及論據(jù)的把握。因此，遇到議論文體時(shí)，應(yīng)采取抓主題句的方法來把握文章主旨，弄清作者的觀點(diǎn)。一般來說，作者的論點(diǎn)通常在文章首段被引出，接著是對(duì)這一論點(diǎn)的邏輯推理和論證，最后為結(jié)論。還應(yīng)注意的是：在對(duì)論點(diǎn)論證的過程中，每一段的首句都是該段的主題句。把握全文論點(diǎn)、弄清論證各段的主題句、理解文章層次、找出中心論點(diǎn)的位置是理解議論文的關(guān)鍵。就議論文而言，其論證的常見結(jié)構(gòu)方式有：1，總分式總- 分；分 - 總；總 - 分-總；2，并列式幾個(gè)論據(jù)之間屬于平等關(guān)系；

3、3，遞進(jìn)式幾個(gè)論據(jù)之間屬于遞進(jìn)關(guān)系；4，對(duì)照式把兩種事物加以對(duì)比，以彰顯其中一種。3 、說明文。英語說明文的總體結(jié)構(gòu)通常為三部份，說明對(duì)象、說明過程和歸納總結(jié)。常見的說明方法：1，定義與詮釋說明；2，舉例與引用說明；3，分類與圖表說明；4，比較與比喻說明；5，分析與綜合說明；就高考英語說明文的閱讀而言，首先要抓住文章說明的要點(diǎn)，也就是要抓住被說明對(duì)象的實(shí)質(zhì)性特征；弄清作者從哪個(gè)角度、哪個(gè)層面開始說明；并明白文章最后的說明結(jié)論。高考說明文閱讀材料通常介紹最新科技、重大成就、生活時(shí)尚、流行現(xiàn)象等。了解說明文的寫作手法、說明方法，理清短文結(jié)構(gòu)及段落中心思想是答題關(guān)鍵。4 、應(yīng)用文。英語應(yīng)用文屬于實(shí)用

4、型文體，如書信、通知、日記、廣告等。應(yīng)用文閱讀要注意文中具體細(xì)節(jié)的把握與理解，弄清作者所傳達(dá)的實(shí)際信息及表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。閱讀時(shí)采取 速讀與精讀 相結(jié)合的方法，力求快速精確地查出試題所設(shè)置的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容。探究案英語閱讀理解答題技巧高考閱讀理解常見的設(shè)題形式有：詞義猜測(cè)題、 主旨大意題、 細(xì)節(jié)理解題、 推理題和推斷題。班級(jí)：小組：姓名：評(píng)價(jià)：第 2頁 共 5 頁題型不同，答題技巧也就有差異。下面就不同題型的答題技巧作一點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)分析。1、詞義猜測(cè)技巧。這種題型要求對(duì)文章中的劃線生詞進(jìn)行詞義猜測(cè)。這類題型不僅要求具備一定構(gòu)詞法 ，而且也要求 對(duì)上下文具有比較全面的理解。做詞意猜測(cè)時(shí)， 應(yīng)注意劃線生詞后面的定語

5、從句、同位語從句。定語從句、同位語從句通常用來解釋生詞的詞意。另外，還要應(yīng)注意生詞后的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，如逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)、引號(hào)、括號(hào)都可用于提示詞意。有時(shí)，詞意隱藏在全文或某一段中，這就需要把握文段的意境來加以透知該詞的含義。eg：2013 廣州一模閱讀a 篇to argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. every single day，over

6、 one hundred animal species vanish. scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the earth s species will become extinct. 27.the underlined word “ vanish ” in paragraph 2 most probably means _. a. remain b. disappear c. become rarer d. get killed2、抓主旨大意的技巧。一般來說，議論文的主旨大意要么在首段，要么在尾段。文章主旨位于首

7、段時(shí)，其后的段落通常是演繹論證的過程；在段尾時(shí)， 其前的段落通常是在擺事實(shí)、講道理， 最后歸納出全文主旨。說明文的主旨也通常位于首段；記敘文的主旨有的位于開首段（如新聞報(bào)道、 時(shí)事經(jīng)緯等文章的主旨均置于開場(chǎng)白的位置，達(dá)到開門見山、直奔主題的效果），但大多數(shù)記敘文的主旨隱藏在文章之中，需理清文章脈絡(luò)，挖掘文章內(nèi)涵，把握作者意圖。eg：2013 廣州一模閱讀a 篇zoos divide opinion ：there are those who think it is cruel to keep animals locked up while others believe zoos are esse

8、ntial for the survival of endangered species. 29. according to the passage some people do not agree with zoos because they _. a. are too expensive to run b. put animals in danger c. do not provide enough food d. keep animals locked up3、推斷題型答題技巧。推理是在既有信息的基礎(chǔ)上得出合乎文章內(nèi)容的內(nèi)涵意義，即某一問題、 某一觀點(diǎn)沒有直接表述， 而寓意在文章的字里行

9、間，要求通過文中信息分析推出某種符合作者思想、符合文章邏輯的內(nèi)涵意義。 推斷則是指通過對(duì)文章進(jìn)行符合邏輯的綜合分析，推出文章未直接陳述的言外之意。推斷題推斷得正確與否，很大程度上取決于是否能正確把握作者潛隱在字里行間的語氣及觀點(diǎn)。eg：2013 廣州一模閱讀a 篇to argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. without zoos 班級(jí)：小組：姓名：評(píng)價(jià)：第 3頁 共 5 頁many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer

10、 exist. every single day，over one hundred animal species vanish. scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the earth s species will become extinct.26. what s the writer s attitude towards zoos?a. he shows no opinion either for or against them. b. he thinks that they are unnecessary and

11、 cruel. c. he believes they play an important environmental role. d. he expresses a desire that more of them be built.4、細(xì)節(jié)題型的答題技巧。細(xì)節(jié)題型的解答通常是借助對(duì)文中的具體信息的查尋來解決。答題時(shí)要采取略讀、掃讀、 析讀和精讀的辦法從文中找出問題答案。細(xì)節(jié)題型多問及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、數(shù)量和特征等。eg：2013 廣州一模閱讀a 篇some animals are in danger because they are hunted. alarmingly, the popu

12、lation of tigers has already fallen by ninety-five percent. other species are in danger because of a lack of food. for example, there are fewer than 1300 giant pandas left in the wild. 28. _ according to the passage the world s tiger population _. a. will rise by 5% next year b. is relatively stable

13、 c/ is 95% smaller than in the past d. has fallen to 95% 訓(xùn)練案a new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin caner, actually increases the risk. researchers from the university of lows based their firdings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the

14、 associstion between sunscreen use and melanoms(黑素瘤 ). they said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma. most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helpsprevent skin

15、 cancer, which is increasing in incidence ( 發(fā)生率 ) faster than any other cancer in the united states. 班級(jí)：小組：姓名：評(píng)價(jià)：第 4頁 共 5 頁but questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have the opposite effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning. the r

16、esearchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin concerpeople with fair skin and freckles （雀斑） ,for exampleare more likely to use sunscreen. as a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get can

17、cer more often. the studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study. 72. the underlined word “ flaws ” in the 2ndparagraph most probably means . a.evidences b.facts c.faults d.failures 7

18、3. people with fair skin and freckles . a.seldom use sunscreen b. are more in danger of skin concer c. can be free from the harm of the sun d. often expose themselves to the sun 74. we can learn from the passage that . a. sunscreen users get skin cancer more often b. the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreen c. the new study was based on the experiences of volunteers d. th