情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣1分解

1、專題（三） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣一王大川 馬青松 閆建軍高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題.一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣晴態(tài)動(dòng)詞專題I一、綜述時(shí)態(tài)往往和語(yǔ)態(tài)在出題方面結(jié)合比較緊密，而情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣也有類似之處。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示 說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必須”或“應(yīng)當(dāng)”等之意。情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用，必須和不帶to的不定式連用構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞情 態(tài)動(dòng)詞在高考中所占的比分也比較大，往往出現(xiàn)在單選，完形以及改錯(cuò)題中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是每年高考必 出到考點(diǎn)之一。所以，我們需要很好到掌握這方面到語(yǔ)法常識(shí)。學(xué)習(xí)中，我們就結(jié)合歷年的高考趨勢(shì) 和方向來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)和掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

2、在英語(yǔ)中的應(yīng)用。二、分類一 ）can, can't, could, couldn't; be able to二）should, shouldn't: must, mustn't; have to, don't have to: ought to、ought not to三）need （也可作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞），needift; dare（也可作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞）；shall （也可作助動(dòng)詞）；will （也可 作助動(dòng)詞）,would四）must / may / might / could + have + done 表示“本而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有三、高考試題引入:1. 一Do y

3、ou know where David is? I couldn't find Imn anywhere.一Welh he have gone far-his coat's still here.A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. can't D. wouldn't答案c2. My MP4 player isn't in my bag. Where I have put it?A. can B. mustC. shouldD. would答案A3. 一She looks very happy. She have pass

4、ed the exam.I guess so. It's not difficult after all.A. shouldB. could C. must D. might答案C4. May I smoke here?一If you, choose a seat in the smoking section.A. should B. could C. mayD. must答案D解析 由本題語(yǔ)境可知，空白處應(yīng)表示“非得”之意，故須用must。5. Helen go on the trip with us, but she isn't quite sure yet.A. shal

5、l B. mustC. mayD. can答案c6. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out.A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詳細(xì)歸納:一）calls could 與be able to1 .表示能力，尤其表示主語(yǔ)自身?yè)碛械哪芰蛘咛匦缘?e g. Most of us can use the computer now, but I couldn't use it last year.e.g. He was not able t

6、o climb up on the top of the mountain.e.g. He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2 .表示客觀的可能性，或者是潛在的可能性.e.g.有時(shí)候焦作的氣溫可能會(huì)交到零下10度。Sometimes the temperature in Jiaozuo can fall to ten degrees below freezing, e.g.焦作有時(shí)容易刮風(fēng)，尤其在春季。It can be quite windy in Jiaozuo, especi

7、ally in spring.3 .表示推測(cè)。表示推測(cè)時(shí)，一般不用于肯定句中，多用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。e.g.他不可能是我們的班主任，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)去鄭州開(kāi)會(huì)了。He can't be our head teacher as he has gone to Zhengzhou for a meetmg. 對(duì)比： e.g. He may not our head teacher as he said he has gone to Zhengzhou for a meeting.他可能不是我們的班主任，因?yàn)樗f(shuō)他已經(jīng)去鄭州開(kāi)會(huì)了。e.g. He may well not our head tea

8、cher as he said he has gone to Zhengou for a meeting. 他很可能不是我們的班主任，因?yàn)樗f(shuō)他已經(jīng)去鄭州開(kāi)會(huì)去了。總結(jié)：can、不可能（語(yǔ)氣最肯定）： well may not很可能不（語(yǔ)氣比較肯定）； may not可能不（語(yǔ)氣最不肯定）4 .表示驚異或懷疑，常用語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣。 e.g.那怎么會(huì)是真的呢？How can it be true ?專題（三） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣一王大川 馬青松 閆建軍e.g.這到底是什么意思？What on earth can this mean?5 .表示請(qǐng)求，口語(yǔ)中常常用could代替can語(yǔ)氣更委婉。e.g.

9、 -Can I go now?-Yes, you can. / No, you can't.e.g. -Could I come to see you tomorrow?一Yes, you can. ( No、I'm afraid not.)e.g.要錢你能在等幾天嗎？Could you wait a few days for the money?e.g.明天早上8點(diǎn)你能到這里來(lái)嗎？Could you be here at eight o'clock tomorrow morning?6 .在將來(lái)時(shí)和完成時(shí)中只能用be able to e.g.我確信我很快就能得到那份工

10、作。I am sure I will be able to get this job soon.e.g.他們已經(jīng)能夠按時(shí)完成任務(wù)了。They have been able to finish the work on time.7 .表示經(jīng)過(guò)努力而成功地辦到某事,用be able to不用can或could.這里be able to相當(dāng)于: succeed in 或 manage toe.g.經(jīng)過(guò)幾年的努力，他終于通過(guò)了考試。After years of hard work he was able to pass the final exam.8 .表示一次性的事情，多用be able to,

11、be able to 一般不表示經(jīng)常性的事件。e.g.學(xué)完這個(gè)公式后，你就能夠解出這道數(shù)學(xué)題了After studying this formula you will be able to solve the math problem.9 . can't wait表示“急于做某事”相當(dāng)于be eager to - e g. I can't wait to read this story book.我非?？释x這本故事書(shū)。e g. I couldn't wait to see her.我渴望見(jiàn)到她。10 . can not - too-表示“再-也不為過(guò)"；“越

12、一越好類似的用法還有:can never too; can not - enough; can never - enough.e.g.我們做實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)越細(xì)心越好。We can not be too careful in doing experiments.e.g.飲用水越干凈越好。Drinking water can never be clean enough.e.g.我認(rèn)為一個(gè)人的知識(shí)越多越好。I think it right that one can not learn too much knowledge.e.g.我們無(wú)論怎么表?yè)P(yáng)他也不過(guò)分。We can not praise him too

13、 much.二入 may 與might1 .表示“允許二“可以”e.g. - May I ask you a question?-Yes, please.e.g. May I watch TV after supper?-Yes, you may.（or No, you'd better not.）e.g. Might I use your telephone?（比用 may 語(yǔ)氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)）2 .表示可能性的推測(cè)含有“或許、大概或可能”的意思（多用于肯定句中）.用might代替may時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣將顯得 更加不肯定。e.g.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)可能還留有幾本書(shū)。I hear there may be a f

14、ew books left.e.g.他明天或許會(huì)來(lái)。He might come tomorrow.3 .表示期望或祝愿e.g. May you succeed!祝你成功！e.g.但愿你有更多像今天這么愉快的日子。May you have more days as happy as this one!三）、must 與have tol.must表示“必須、應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)。其否定形式為:must not （mustn't）。以must開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，其否定回答用needn't或don't have。e.g. I must learn another langua

15、ge.（主觀想法：I want to -）e.g. I have to learn another language.（客觀所需，如：作為一個(gè)外交官）專題(三) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣王大川 馬青松 閆建軍 eg你不許在這里抽煙！You must not smoke here!e.g. Must I do it at once?-No, you needn't” Yes, you must.)e.g. The play isn't interesting. I really must go now.e.g. I had to work when I was your age.2.

16、must表示必然的結(jié)果。 e.g.人固有一死。All men must die.e.g.如果你不快點(diǎn)，你肯定會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車的。If you don't hurry, you must miss the train.3. must表示肯定推測(cè),多用于：must be和must have done短語(yǔ)中。 e.g. You're Toni's good friend, so you must know what he likes best.e.g.長(zhǎng)途步行之后你一定是餓了You must be hungry after your long walk.eg你準(zhǔn)是把你的包丟在圖書(shū)館

17、了,You must have left your bag in the library4. must在反義疑問(wèn)句中的用法：1)must作“必須”解時(shí)，反義疑問(wèn)句任用must。 e.g.所有的孩子必須尊敬父母，不是嗎？All the children must respect their parents, mustn't they?2) must表示“有必要”的含義時(shí)，反義疑問(wèn)句用needn't。e g. We must tell her the news, needn't we?3) must be表示“推測(cè)'時(shí)，反義疑問(wèn)句用示的適當(dāng)形式， e g. He m

18、ust be thirsty, isn't he?4) must have done表示“推測(cè)”時(shí),用have的適當(dāng)形式。e.g. He must have finished the work, hasn't he?5. must還可以表示“非要一”：“非得一；“硬要-”：“偏偏一-”之意，表示個(gè)人的主張。 e.g. If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops.如果你非要走的話，至少也得等到雨停了吧。e.g.正忙的時(shí)候，機(jī)器偏偏出毛病了。專題（三） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣一王大川 馬青松 閆建軍The machine must

19、 beak down at this busy hour.6. have to 一般表示客觀原因所引起的“不得不一：必須一:其后而接動(dòng)詞原形，但是have t。有 人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)及時(shí)態(tài)的變化。單三形式為has to;過(guò)去式had to.e.g. We have to clean our classroom this afternoon.e.g. Mr Green has to work on the farm all day.e.g. He had to look after his younger sister yesterday.四）、should 與ought to1. Should作為情

20、態(tài)動(dòng)詞和。ught to在詞義上很接近，但should側(cè)重于主觀上的“應(yīng)該而 ought to側(cè)重于客觀上的“應(yīng)該”。eg明天你應(yīng)該去到醫(yī)院看看你母親。You ought to go and see your mother in the hospital tomorrowBe.g.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該告訴你媽媽那個(gè)好消息。I think you should tell your mother the good news.2. should可以表示語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)的假設(shè)，意思是“萬(wàn)一此時(shí)也可以將should至于句首，表示虛 擬語(yǔ)氣。e.g. If anyone should come, say I am not

21、 at home.=Should anyone come, say I am not at home.萬(wàn)一有人來(lái)訪，就說(shuō)我不在家。e g. If it should ram tomorrow, I wouldn't go.=Should it ram tomorrow, I wouldn't go.萬(wàn)一明天下雨，我就不去了。3. should可以用來(lái)表示“意外、驚喜、不可思議”的事情，尤其在以why, who. how等開(kāi)頭的 疑問(wèn)句中，常常表示“竟然會(huì)工e.g. How should you be so late today?你今天竟然來(lái)得這么晚。e.g. It is str

22、ange that the wheel should turn so fast.真奇怪，這個(gè)輪子竟然轉(zhuǎn)的這么快。4. ought t。用于第一人稱，表示有責(zé)任、有義務(wù)或有必要做某事。e.g.我們應(yīng)該尊敬父母。We ought to respect our parents.e.g.我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真地完成作業(yè)。We ought to finish the homework carefully.5. 用于第二、三人稱，表示建議或勸告。e.g.你應(yīng)該聽(tīng)王老師的話才對(duì)。You ought to follow Mr. Wang's advice.6. 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)某種可能性的推測(cè)，e.g.亨利應(yīng)該

23、很快就到了，他6點(diǎn)就從家出來(lái)了。Henry ought to be here soon, because he left home at six.注意：ought t。沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后面接動(dòng)詞原形，可以表示現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去以及將來(lái)，對(duì) 時(shí)態(tài)的表示可以通過(guò)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或上下文體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。ought t。的否定形式為ought not 疑問(wèn)式需 要將。ught提到句首即可。e.g.他不應(yīng)該做這件事。He ought not to do it.e.g.我們應(yīng)該立即做這件事嗎？Ought we to do it at once?五）、need 與 dareneed與dare兩個(gè)詞既可以用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可以用作

24、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。1 .情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的need與dare用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句或條件句中。其形式和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣， 沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化；e.g. He dare not tell me the bad news.他不敢訴我那個(gè)壞消息。e.g.他問(wèn)我是否敢一個(gè)人獨(dú)自去那里。He asked me if I dare go there alone.e.g.她怎么敢做這樣的事情呢？How dare she do such a thing?e.g. you needn't tell hun the bad news.e.g. Need he do the homework immediately?2 .實(shí)義

25、動(dòng)詞dare有各種時(shí)態(tài)形式的變化，第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)要加s,可以和帶t?；虿粠。 的不定式連用。e.g.我敢從我們的教學(xué)樓頂跳下來(lái)。I dare to jump down from the top of our teaching building.專題（三） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣一王大川 馬青松 閆建軍e.g. He doesn*t dare （to） tell her the bad news.他不敢告訴她那個(gè)壞消息。e.g. She lied on the bed , not daring to make a noise.3 .實(shí)義動(dòng)詞need有各種時(shí)態(tài)形式的變化，第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)要加s

26、,常用于:need sth或need to do sth或need sth to be done或者need sth doing后兩者的主語(yǔ)一般都是物口e.g.我需要一本詞典，因此我要去趟書(shū)店。I need a dictionary, so I need to go to the bookstore.e.g. We need to tell him the truth.我們需要告訴他真相。e.g. My car needs repairing.我的汽車需要修理。4 . dare not和do not dare to同義，都表示“不敢''之意，前者是書(shū)面用語(yǔ)，后者是口頭用語(yǔ)。在

27、現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，縮略后一般都用He doesn't dare to go的句式，而不用He daren't go的句型eg5 . didn t need to 與 needn t have donedidn't need to表示沒(méi)有必要做（實(shí)際上也沒(méi)有作）：needn,t have done表示本沒(méi)有必要做，而實(shí)際上做過(guò)了©e g. Tliey didn't need to come here,他們不必來(lái)這里© （實(shí)際也沒(méi)有來(lái)）e g. They needn't have come here.他們本沒(méi)有必要來(lái)。（實(shí)際上己經(jīng)來(lái)了）e.g.

28、 You such a long essay, the teacher only asked for 300 words, but you havewritten 600 words.A. mustn't have writtenB. needn't have writtenC. didn't have to writeD. didn't need to write7t9、shall, will 與 would1. shall有“應(yīng)該”；“必須”；“可以”可以表示說(shuō)話人的“意志、警告、命令、允許，允諾''等語(yǔ) 氣。e.g. You shall f

29、ail if you don't work hard.（警告）e.g. He shall have the book when I finish it.（允諾）e.g. Shall we start the meeting now.2. shall還可以表示決心或決定。e.g. I shall go there along我決定要自己去那里。3. will和would可以表示“意愿"愿意”或“決心工e.g. I will do my best to help you.e.g. They said that they would help us.e.g. I will neve

30、r do that again.4. 表示估計(jì)和猜想。e.g. It would be about ten o'clock when she left home.5. 表示向?qū)Ψ教岢鑫竦恼?qǐng)求時(shí)，用would要比will在語(yǔ)氣上顯得婉轉(zhuǎn)。e.g. Will you please tell me the way to the station?（語(yǔ)氣不婉轉(zhuǎn)）e.g. Would you please tell me the way to the station?（語(yǔ)氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)）e.g. Would you mind telling me the way to the station?（語(yǔ)氣

31、最婉轉(zhuǎn)）6. will和would還可以表示性慣性的動(dòng)作或行為，意思為“總是”e.g. He will talk for hours if you give him the chance.e g. Everyday she would get up at six o'clock.e.g. The peasants would often work by the light of the moon at night when I was in the countryside.七）、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中have done結(jié)構(gòu)的用法Lean/could + have done在肯定句中表示“本來(lái)可以做

32、而實(shí)際上能做某事,事實(shí)上沒(méi)有做“是虛 擬語(yǔ)氣：在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的懷疑或不肯定，表示推測(cè)。e.g. You could have done better, but you didn't try your best.（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）e.g. He can't have finished his homework.（推測(cè)）e.g. Can he have got the book?（推測(cè)）2. may / might +have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的推測(cè)。不能用于疑問(wèn)句中，沒(méi)有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。 Might所表示的可能性比may小。e.g. He may not hav

33、e finished the work .e.g. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.3. must + havedone用于肯定句中,表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的推測(cè)。意為“一定、想必''。其疑問(wèn)、否定 形式用can, can't代替。參看1） can / could + have done表示推測(cè)。e.g. You must have seen the film Titanic.e.g. He must have been to Shanghai.4. should + have done

34、用于肯定句中，表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的推測(cè)，本應(yīng)該-而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有。其否 定式表示某種行為本不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。可以與ought t。十不定式完成式（have done）互換。e.g. He should have finished the work by nowoe.g. You ought to / should have helped him. （but you didn't.） e.g. She shouldift have taken away my dictionary, for I wanted to use it.5. needn't + have done表示“本來(lái)不必做

35、而實(shí)際上做了某事工e.g. You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.6. will + have done主要用于第二、三人稱,表示對(duì)已完成的動(dòng)作或事態(tài)的推測(cè)。 e.g. He will have arrived by now.虛擬語(yǔ)氣專題I整理人：馬青松考綱要求對(duì)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣這一語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，考綱中有不同層次的要求，現(xiàn)具體說(shuō)明如下：掌握內(nèi)容有:if非真實(shí)條件句中表示與過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的三種動(dòng)詞形式：as if / though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)或方式狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式；wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形

36、式： order> demand, suggest, insist等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：It*s(high)time that從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式：表示心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如would like, mean, hope, expect等表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的 表達(dá)形式。了解內(nèi)容有:非真實(shí)句中錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：非真實(shí)句中，省略if連詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣現(xiàn)象； 含有order、ordered» demand、demanded或v»cd的表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)從句和主語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：省略了 if從句的含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣現(xiàn)象；目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，would rather that

37、從句if only感嘆句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣現(xiàn)象。命題熱點(diǎn)綜合分析近十年來(lái)高考試題和上海高考試題以及各大中城市的高考模擬試題，可總結(jié)出對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣這一語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象的主要(常見(jiàn))考查方式如下：非真實(shí)句中表示與將來(lái)和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)：as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句或方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)：insist和suggest后的賓語(yǔ)從句： It's(high)time that從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式:wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)；©省略了 if從句的含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)。復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣是用來(lái)表示與事實(shí)相反或不可能發(fā)生的假設(shè)動(dòng)作的特殊動(dòng)詞形式。解答這類考題時(shí)要注 意:

38、虛擬條件句子主句和if從句成套使用的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，從句中可省去if,但從句要倒裝:在表示“愿望”、“建議”、“命令”等的賓語(yǔ)從句中虛擬式的結(jié)構(gòu)；以某些介詞開(kāi)頭的句子中虛擬式的結(jié)構(gòu)：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件從句，其從句及主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變化見(jiàn)下表：情況從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 的假設(shè)didwerewould, should. could, might+do/be與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 的假設(shè)had done/beenwould, should, could, might+do/be（混合虛擬條件句） would, should, could

39、, might+have done/been與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 的假設(shè)did/ were should do/bc were to dowould, should, could, might+do/be1 .與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If I were you. I would be much harder,如果我是你，我會(huì)更加努力。If I knew his address. I would write to him.如果我知道他的地址的話,我會(huì)給他寫信的。2 .與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met her.如果你早

40、來(lái)一會(huì)兒，你就會(huì)碰到她。3 .與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反If I did / were to / should do it. I would do it in a different way.如果我去做這件事，我會(huì)是另外一種 做法。If it rained / were to rain / should rain tomorrow, I would not go camping.如果明天下雨,我們就不野 營(yíng)了。專題(三) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣王大川 馬青松 閆建軍4混合虛擬條件句。如果條件從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù) 各自所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整，這種句子叫混合虛

41、擬條件句。If he had followed the doctor's advice, he would be quite all right now. (if 從句講過(guò)去的事，主句講 現(xiàn)在的狀況)如果他聽(tīng)了醫(yī)生的忠告，那么他現(xiàn)在就好了。5 .含蓄虛擬條件句。有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要,在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件句, 其主要是通過(guò)上下文或用介詞短語(yǔ)等表示，這種句子含蓄虛擬條件句。注意:用來(lái)表示含蓄條件的詞有:A：介詞without, with, but for等所引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ).B： 連詞 or, otherwiset but, however 等0A

42、few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer.(If you had come a few hours earlier, you would.)早來(lái)幾個(gè)小時(shí)，就能見(jiàn)到這位著名的作家了。A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.(將條件隱藏在形容詞比較級(jí)中) 一個(gè)仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)的人不會(huì)犯這么多的錯(cuò)誤。Without electricity, human life would be quite different now.沒(méi)有電，人類今天的生活會(huì)大不一樣

43、。But for the storm. I would have arrived much earlier.要不是那場(chǎng)暴雨，我早就到達(dá)了。She came to town yesterday, or / otherwise I would not have met her.昨天她到城里來(lái)了，不然我就不會(huì)遇上她了。6 .如果條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包含有were或助動(dòng)詞had或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should,有時(shí)將連詞if省去，而將 條件從句的主語(yǔ)置于were, had, should之后。Had you invited us (= If you had you invited us), we would ha

44、ve come to your party.如果你邀請(qǐng)了我們，我們會(huì)去參加你的晚會(huì)的。Should I meet her (=1 should meet her), I would tell her.Were I in your position (=1 were in your position), I would do it better.二 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用L“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1)在表示建議、要求、命令的動(dòng)詞如 suggest, request, demand, order, urge, propose, command,advis

45、e, insist, require, prefer, desire, recommend之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)形式為 “should+動(dòng)詞原形。其中should可省略。He ordered that all the work (should) be done at once.他命令立即做好一切工作。The doctor suggested that the patient (should) be sent to hospital without delay.醫(yī)生建議他不要去哪里。They demanded that the black people (should) be trea

46、ted as well as white people. 他們要求黑人應(yīng)該和白人受到一樣的對(duì)待。注意:Suggest僧暗示,表明“講時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。只有當(dāng)suggest管建 議”講時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。His smile suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他的微笑表明他對(duì)我們的工作滿意,He suggested that we (should) start off at once.他建議我們馬上出發(fā).insist作“強(qiáng)調(diào)、力言、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“講時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。只有當(dāng)insist作“堅(jiān)決要求、堅(jiān) 持應(yīng)該“講時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句

47、才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything,邁克強(qiáng)調(diào)他從來(lái)沒(méi)有透過(guò)任何東西。I insisted that he (should) give me the money back.我堅(jiān)持要求你把錢還給我。(2)在 suggested, requested, ordered, insisted> demanded 作表語(yǔ)，that 主語(yǔ)從句中；在含有名詞 suggestion, request, demand, order等的that表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中均使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其從 句中的謂語(yǔ)形式為：Shoukl+動(dòng)詞原形(shou

48、ld常可省略不寫)eg. It is requested that he (should) be sent to work in the mountain area.The suggestion is that we (should) have a meeting to discuss it.He gave us a suggestion that we should solve this thing as soon as possible c當(dāng)名詞suggestion, demand等這類名詞后，that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。在“It is/was + adj. + thatcla

49、use”中常用“should+v原”表示建議，驚奇等，表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣現(xiàn)象 (Should ?？墒÷?。這類形容詞常見(jiàn)的有：important, strange, necessary, essential, anxious, unthinkable 等。eg. It's necessary that we (should) go there ourselves.4 .用于wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。主句that從句謂語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式謂語(yǔ) wish現(xiàn)在時(shí)(與主句謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)發(fā)生)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be用were或did)專題（三）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣王大川 馬青松 閆建

50、軍wished過(guò)去時(shí)（在主句謂語(yǔ)之前發(fā)生）had+過(guò)去分詞將來(lái)時(shí)（在主句謂語(yǔ)之后發(fā)生）吧叫+動(dòng)詞原形 couldI wish I were as strong as you.我希望像你一樣強(qiáng)壯°She wishes she hadn*t said that.她希望沒(méi)有說(shuō)過(guò)那樣的話。5 .在 as if （as though）從句中 °表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況懷疑，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)：表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)：（3）表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，或根本不可能發(fā)生之事時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用would+v.原形；eg. They talk as if （as th

51、ough） they were old friends.He looked as if （as though） he had lost something, but he hadn't.6 .Ifsfhighime+that clause”從句中that 一句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)形式。It's time that we went to school.7 .在would rather that從句中,意如寧愿”,表示還不是事實(shí)。eg. Would you like him to paint the door again?一I'd rather （that） he pa

52、inted it blue.8 .感嘆式if only意為，但即、“要是就好了",其用法和I wish基本相同,只是更 富有感情色彩。eg. If only he didift drive so fast!If only she had asknd someone's advice!If only the rain would stop!專題試題檢測(cè)整理人：閆建軍1. They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. （2011 全國(guó)卷,32）A. willB. canC. mustD. should2.

53、 If you smoke, please go outside. （2011 全國(guó)卷 11,8）A. canB. shouldC. mustD. may3. I don't really like James. Why did you invite him? （2011 北京卷,24）一Don't worry. He come. He said he wasn't certaui what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would notD. might not4. Where are the children?

54、The dinner's gomg to be completely mined. （2011 北京卷.28）I wish they always late.A. weren't B. hadn,t been C. wouldn't be D. wouldn't have been5. Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying

55、（2011 北京卷，30）1 .1 sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me. （2011 天津卷5）A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come7 . Some young people these days just go out of their homes to contact the real world.A. mustn'tB. won'tC. mightn'tD. shouldn,t （2011 上海春招,27

56、 ）8 .I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. （2011 江蘇卷,34）How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen9 .Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? （2

57、011 福建卷,25）I am afraid you. in case he comes late for the meeting.A. will B. must C. may D. can10 .Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. （2011 福建卷.34）I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended11 .What do you think

58、 of store shopping in the future? （2011 安徽卷，26 ）Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but.A. will never replaceB. would never replaceC. will never be replacedD. would never be replaced12 .How's your new babysitter? （2011 浙江卷1）We ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.A. should B. might C. mustn't D.