2020年高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解及練習(xí)題：虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1、重難點(diǎn)分析虛擬語(yǔ)氣是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)較大的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，高考語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)都曾經(jīng)設(shè)過(guò)考點(diǎn)，考生 應(yīng)予以重視。英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣分為陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣和感嘆語(yǔ)氣五類C 虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而不是表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。此外如需表達(dá) 主觀愿望或某種強(qiáng)烈的感情時(shí)，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。一.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中的用法和構(gòu)成一覽表類別用法例句與現(xiàn)在事從句動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式（be多用were,但在If he Were here, he WOUld help實(shí)相反口語(yǔ)中，如果主語(yǔ)是第一/三人稱，beus.如果他在這，他會(huì)幫我們動(dòng)詞可用WaS）；主句動(dòng)詞：的。

2、ShOUld/would/CoUld/might+動(dòng)詞原形if引導(dǎo)的與過(guò)去事從句動(dòng)詞：had+過(guò)去分詞；主句動(dòng)詞：If I had been free, I WOUld條件狀語(yǔ)實(shí)相反ShOUId/would/COUld/might + have+過(guò)have ViSited you.如果我那時(shí)從句去分詞有空，我就會(huì)去拜訪你了。與將來(lái)事從句動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/If it ShOUId rain tomorrow, We實(shí)相反were+不定式；主句動(dòng)詞：WOUlCl not go CamPing.女口果ShOUICl/would/COUld/might + 動(dòng)詞原形明天下雨，我們就

3、不去露營(yíng)TOThey are talking WaS if theyas if/though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)were/ had been friends for其他狀語(yǔ)去完成式y(tǒng)ears.他們交談著，好像是多從句年的老朋友。even if/though引導(dǎo)的從句，與現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 時(shí),從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式,主句動(dòng)詞用ShOUICl/would+ 動(dòng)詞原形；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用had+ 過(guò)去分詞，主句動(dòng)詞用ShOUId/would+ have+過(guò)去 分詞EVen if We failed, We WOUldrft IOSe courage.即使我們失敗 了，我們也不會(huì)失去

4、勇氣。demand, require, advise, suggest, OrderJ insist(堅(jiān)持He SUggeStecl that We要求)等表命令、建議、要求的動(dòng)詞后所接的賓語(yǔ)從(ShOUld) not Change OUr mind.賓語(yǔ)從句句中的動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形他建議我們不要改變主意。WiSh后所接的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分別用過(guò)去I WiSh I COUId be a POP singer.式、過(guò)去完成式和COUICl/would+動(dòng)詞原形表示與現(xiàn)我希望我是一名流行歌手。在、過(guò)去和將來(lái)情況相反的假設(shè)在 It is necessary/important/st

5、range that, It isIt is Strange that SUCh a主語(yǔ)從句suggested/ demanded/ordered/requested that等PerSOn ShOUId be OUr friends.后所接的主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原很奇怪的是這樣一個(gè)人會(huì)成形為我們的朋友。My advice is that you (ShOUld)表語(yǔ)從句idea, advice, Orderl dema nd, request 等表命令、建finish your homework first 我和同位語(yǔ)議、要求的名詞后所接的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的建議

6、是你首先應(yīng)該做完家從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形庭作業(yè)。The idea that you (ShOUld) gois nght.你走的建議是正確的。其他句型中It is （high） time that ”句型中定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用過(guò)去式或should+動(dòng)詞原形（優(yōu)先使用過(guò)去式）It is high time that We left. 該 是我們離開的時(shí)候了。WOUld rather所接的從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或者過(guò)去 完成式I WOUld rather you Stayed at home now.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在待 在家里。if Only句型中動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式或者過(guò)去完成式，表示強(qiáng)

7、烈的愿望If Only OUr dream had COme true!要是我們的夢(mèng)想成真該多好！二、其他要注意的事項(xiàng)1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣中出現(xiàn)be的過(guò)去式，在口語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一、三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，可用was,但在if的倒裝句中只能用WereO如:Were I you, I WOUId apologize to her.如果我是你的話, 我就會(huì)去向她道歉C2. SUggeSt表“暗示、表明”和InSiSt表“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為"時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如：YOUr PaIe face SUggeStS that you are ill.你蒼白的臉色表明你生病了。He insisted that

8、he WaS right.他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他是對(duì)的。（ insist表“堅(jiān)持要求"時(shí),其后的賓 語(yǔ)從句則要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）3. if虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中如有had, ShOUIdI Werei可省略if,并將這些詞提前引起倒裝。如： Were I you, I WOUId remain.如果我是你，我會(huì)留下來(lái)。Had you told me earlier, I WOUId,t have missed it.如果你早點(diǎn)告訴我,我就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)它4. 可用WithOUtl but for構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)代替虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句。如:BUt for your help, I WOUId have failed t

9、he exam.如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，我不會(huì)通過(guò)考試的。WithOUt water, there WOUId be no life.沒(méi)有水，就沒(méi)有生命。5. as if/though, even if/though引導(dǎo)的從句也可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示真實(shí)的情況。如:It IOOkS as if it is going to rain.看起來(lái)似乎要下雨了?？键c(diǎn)練透一、單句填空用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. If he(Warn), he(not take) that foodLUCkily he WaS Sent to the hospital immediately2. When a PenC

10、il is Partly in a glass Of water, it IOOkS as if it(break).3. I WOUIcl rather they(not hear) Of the news.4. I WiSh(have) a room Of my WOn When I WaS a ChiIcl5. BUt for the teacher, I(not Change) my attitude to StUdy yet.6. WithOUt air to hold SOme Of the SUrfS heat, the earth at night(be) freezingCO

11、ldf too COld for US to stay.7. If I had WOrked harder at SChOOIt I(Sit) in a COmfOrtabIe OffiCe now.8. Her Pale face SUggeSted that She(be) ill1 and her COlIeagUeS SUggeSted thatShe(have) a medical examination.9. 丨 inSiSted he(go) to See a doctor, but he insisted nothing(be)WrOng With him.10. He ask

12、s that he(give) an OPPOrtUnity to explain Why he has refused to gothere.11. It is high time We(get) down to discuss this PlarL12. If it Were not for the fact that you(be) too busy, I WOUId ask you to help medo this right now.13. WhO do you SUggeSt(Send) to WOrk there?14. I WOUId have COme earlier, b

13、ut I(not know) that you Were Waiting for me.15. If it(rain) tomorrow, the OUting WOUId be CanCeIIeCl16. If there Were no airt PeOPle(die).17. If he(StUdy) harder, he might PaSS the exam.18. If he(take) my advicef he WOUld not have made SUCh a mistake19. We WOUld rather you(go) here tomorrOw.20. It i

14、s high time that you(go) to PiCk UP your daughter at SChOOL二、語(yǔ)篇填空用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。I am a middle SChOOl student. I have many dreams. If there (be) not SO much homework, I WOUId have more time to do What I Iike to do. HOW I WiSh I 2(IiSten) tomy favorite music for an hour aday and 3 (PIay) table tennisf

15、oran hour in themorning. It is my desire that We 4(hold)evening PartieS Or 5 (Organize)SOme interesting activities at Weekend I SUggeSt that there 6 (be) not SO many tests. YOU Can inagine What Iife 7 (WiII) be if I 8 (realize) my dream BUt I must fact the exams. WithOUt good marks, I 9 (WiII) not e

16、nter my ideal University Anyway, it,s high time that I 10 (encourage) myself and WOrked hard from now on.三、語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。What Will happen if ice CaPS melt? The IeVel Of the WOrId,s OCeans WiIl rise2 this isnot the real PrOblemI the PrOblem is that these White ice CaPS reflect S

17、Unlight, much Of _2 is reflected back into space, in turn 3 (COOI) earth, but With the ice CaPS melting, _4 OnIy reflector is the OCean, darker COIOr absorbs SUnlight CaUSing further Warrning Of the earth WhiCh Can be UP to 80 OC WhiCh is fatal (致命的)and Can CaUSe 5 (extinct) Of all IiVing Organisms.

18、 If all the ice melted, north and SOUth POIel Antarctica, Greenland, and all, Sea IeVeISWOUld nse 6175 and 225 feet. Coastal areas WOUld essentially disappear, and roughly a third Of the earth,s existing Iandmass (大陸) 7 (flood). It is estimated that 60% Of the WOrldTS POPUlatiOn IiVeS in the COaStal

19、 Plains. Many inland areas WOUld be affected as WeIlI 8 Water tables, rivers, and IakeS WOUld all rise 9 their PreViOUS heights.The animals that IiVe in the COld (POIar bears, Penguins and arctic foxes) WiIl become endan gered MOSt important Of allf there are many Other IO(Predict) bad results human

20、 may befaced With Are you afraid Of that now?助讀詞匯reflectOr n.反射物absorb Vt 吸收essentially adv.基本上rOUghIy adv.粗略地plain .平原in turn轉(zhuǎn)而IiVing OrganiSm 生物體COaStal area沿海地區(qū)arctic fox北極狐be UP to 達(dá)至IJnorth and SOUth POle 北極和南極It is estimated that - 據(jù)彳古計(jì)參考答案考點(diǎn)練透一、單句填空1. had been Warned; WOUldn't have taken

21、2 Were broken 3. hadrt heard 4. had had5. WOUIdrt have Changed 6. WOUId be 7. WOUICl be Sitting 8 was; (ShOUld) have 9. (ShOUId) go; WaS IO. (ShOUld) be give 11. got 12. are 13. be Sent 14. Ciidrft know 15.ShOUICl/were to rain 16. WOUlcl die 17. StUdied 18. had taken 19. Went 20. Went二、語(yǔ)篇填空1. Were 2. IiStened 3. PIayed 4. (ShoUld) hold 5. (ShOUld) Organize 6. (ShOUld) be 7.WOUld 8. realized / ShOUId realize / Were to realize 9. WOUId 10. enCOUragecl三、語(yǔ)法填空如果地球上的冰帽都融化的話，會(huì)發(fā)生什么？