改錯單詞拼寫專題

1、云陽中學(xué)高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題改錯·單詞拼寫 備寫人 楊惠一 改錯最新考綱 1.要求考生在讀懂文章之后，逐句分析在詞法、句法方面是否有誤，著重考查考生的語言基本功。2.短文改錯涉及篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和行文邏輯方面的知識，在較高層次上考查考生對英語知識的掌握和語言綜合運用能力。 3.考查考生的語言基本功和正確使用英語進(jìn)行表達(dá)的能力。 在應(yīng)考時要做到以下幾點： 一、先通讀全文。認(rèn)真閱讀短文，在做題之前確保已經(jīng)弄清原文大意。根據(jù)短文大意和上下文邏輯關(guān)系，對文章進(jìn)行逐字逐句的分析，檢查句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，語氣是否連貫，啟承轉(zhuǎn)合是否符合文意等。二、綜合運用所學(xué)語言知識，根據(jù)各行不同的錯誤情況分別進(jìn)行答題(

2、即改詞、加詞或減詞)。在短文改錯中常出現(xiàn)的錯誤主要有以下幾類：1.動詞(1)時態(tài)混用如：Then the trouble started.We can not open the door.So we asked the policeman for help.講解：很顯然此句子主時態(tài)是一般過去時，因此應(yīng)把can 改為could.(2)主謂不一致如：There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.講解：原句中a football game決定了謂語動詞必須用單數(shù)，所以應(yīng)該把were改為was。(3)固定搭配如：I have given

3、up smoke. The dog doesn't like the smell.講解：give up doing sth.。因此動詞smoke應(yīng)該改為smoking。2.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)混用如：Helen is seventeen year old.She is very busy.講解：“年齡多大了”應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此應(yīng)該把year改為years。注意：代詞單復(fù)數(shù)混用類似。如：As for a friendship，we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us.講解：顯然應(yīng)該把them改為it

4、，指代前面提及的friend-ship。此句話意思是“就友誼來說，我們可以很容易地從我們的同學(xué)和周圍的人中找到”。3.形容詞/副詞形容詞與副詞混用。即該用形容詞的地方原文用了副詞，該用副詞的地方原文用了形容詞。(1)副詞代替正確形容詞出現(xiàn)在文章當(dāng)中如：During the football season，Helen is much busier than usually.講解：很明顯“與平時相比較更忙”，因此需要把usually改為usual。(2)形容詞代替正確副詞出現(xiàn)在文章當(dāng)中如：As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two secon

5、ds left in the game，she began cheering excited，“Come on-get going！”講解：原文意思是說比賽還剩一分四十二秒時，她開始興奮地叫道，顯然應(yīng)把excited改為excitedly，用來修飾動詞cheer。4.介詞 (1)介詞省略如：I'm sure you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.講解：get rid of是固定搭配，意思為“擺脫，除去”。(2)介詞多余如：My wife is also happy because of I

6、have given up smoking. 講解：這里顯然是對because of與because用法的辨別區(qū)分。前者不能接句子，而后者充當(dāng)連詞可以接句子。所以應(yīng)該把of去掉。(3)介詞用錯(一般為固定搭配)如：I picked out her false hair and said，“Don't be sad，Miss.”講解：picked out應(yīng)改為picked up。pick out“挑選”的意思；pick up“撿起”的意思。5.連詞主要考查前后兩句話之間的銜接關(guān)系。?？既N關(guān)系： but轉(zhuǎn)折 and并列 because原因(1)如：One day，my wife and

7、I went shopping at a store.We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy.講解：顯然原文中所要表達(dá)的意思是“我們開車去的原因是因為我們要買好多東西”，所以應(yīng)該把but改為because/as/for。(2)如：Chatting online，students can more freely express their feelings and opinions，but improve their English if they are talking with native speakers.講解：原文表達(dá)的意思

8、是“通過網(wǎng)上聊天，學(xué)生能夠更加輕松自由地表達(dá)自己的想法和觀點，并且如果他們同外國人交談，能夠提高他們的英語水平”。所以前后句之間是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)該把but改為and。6.句式?？紅hat與what或which/how與what之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。(1)如：She never has enough time for that she wants to do.講解：原文意思是“她沒有足夠多的時間來做自己想做的事情”，很明顯應(yīng)該把that改為what。注意：這一形式是改錯常考點。(2)如：We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has

9、happened in your area.講解：原文中需要一個連接詞承接前后兩個句子，這個連接詞充當(dāng)be concerned about引導(dǎo)賓語從句中的主語，所以應(yīng)該把which改為what。7.冠詞(1)冠詞多余 如：I sat in the front of the TV at 7 o'clock，when the game just began.講解：區(qū)分in front of sth.和in the front of sth.。解決這個問題記住一句順口溜就可以了“有the是內(nèi)，無the是外”，即in the front of sth.顯然是指在事物(sth.)內(nèi)部空間的前面，

10、比如說I prefer to travel in the front of the car.(我愿意坐在汽車的前面)；而in front of sth.是指事物(sth.)外部空間的前面，比如說the car stops in front of the house(汽車停在房前)。因此原文中應(yīng)該把the去掉。(2)冠詞遺漏如：As we all left home at early age，we met lots of problems in our daily life.講解：at an. age固定搭配詞組，表示“在年齡”，比如說at an early/tender age，可以翻譯為“很

11、小/年幼的時候”。8.代詞(1)代詞多余如：Don't lose your heart.With the help of the people all over the world，I'm sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness.講解：lose heart 泄氣；喪失勇氣；而lose one's heart(to sb./sth.)：fall in love愛上；鐘情于。原文意思很明顯是“別泄氣”。所以應(yīng)該把your去掉。一詞之差，離題千里。(2)代詞混用如：We were living in a big

12、family.We treated each other as brothers and sisters.If any one of them had any difficulty，the other would help him or her out.講解：原文意思是說“我們生活在一個大家庭之中，彼此間相處如同兄弟姐妹。如果我們之中誰有困難，其他人就會幫助他/她解決困難”。所以應(yīng)把them改為us；把other改為others。注意：the other表示兩者之中“另一個”；the others表示在一個范圍內(nèi)的其他全部。(3)代詞遺漏如：A teacher could make class

13、es lively and interesting.講解：應(yīng)該在classes前加his，表示“使他的課堂生動有趣”。9.數(shù)詞主要是序數(shù)詞與基數(shù)詞的混用和錯用，如分?jǐn)?shù)的分子大于一時分母沒有用復(fù)數(shù)等，基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式如幾百hundreds of，幾千thousands of漏掉了詞尾的s，或是當(dāng)其前有具體數(shù)字或several時加了復(fù)數(shù)，如seven hundred，寫作seven hundreds。短文改錯口訣短文改錯要做好，常見類型應(yīng)記牢。名詞愛考數(shù)和格，冠詞在前錯多少。動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)，非謂語搭配莫錯了。介詞多半考搭配，錯漏多用想周到。連代形副錯一樣，多是故意來混淆。句法涉及到一致，從句常考關(guān)

14、系詞。句法詞法均未錯，邏輯關(guān)系去尋找。二 單詞拼寫 【試題特點】 所選單詞均在高考考試大綱詞匯表中的單詞范圍之內(nèi)。 題干句子簡單明了。 選用多音節(jié)詞，單詞多在5個字母以上，低于5個字母的較少。 選用詞多為常見詞或容易拼寫錯誤的單詞，多數(shù)單詞都有不同的變化形式。 體現(xiàn)“詞不離句、詞隨句變”的特點，即根據(jù)語境要求填入單詞的適當(dāng)形式?！究季V解讀】 考查單詞的拼寫能力。 考查詞形變化和語法知識的運用能力 考查近義詞語的區(qū)別。【命題趨勢】1. 項目考查重點化。考查的詞類主要為：動詞（包括非謂語動詞）、名詞、副詞和形容詞。2常用詞多，生僻詞少，所選詞都為大綱要求掌握的單詞，且多是5個以上字母的長

15、單詞?！镜湫湾e誤】 1. 詞性不分Do you know how many countries belong to _（歐洲）Union.The government will take _ （立刻） action to punish the criminals.Since my _（到達(dá)） in France, I have made a great number of friends.2. 忽略名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式及不規(guī)則變化。Cabbage, carrots, and tomatoes are my favorite _（蔬菜）.One of the _（乘客）taking the plane

16、 to London is a great writer.I set a trap for _（老鼠）, but I failed to catch any one.3. 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞不分   We've just bought a big house and need some new _(家具).   We offered our _ (祝賀) to Li Ping on winning the first prize in the National English Competition.4. 不清楚不規(guī)則或規(guī)則動詞的正確變化形式I

17、t was extremely cold and some animals were _（凍） to death.The idea started in Standlake and has _(傳開) throughout the countryThe president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without_（參考）to his notes.  5.  忽略時態(tài)或語態(tài)The house that fell last night is being _(重建).I hadn't seen hi

18、m for years, but still I _(聽出) his voice on the phone.Many people _(聚集) in the main square and supported him.6. 忽略非謂語動詞形式    Were looking forward to _ (收到)your letter as soon as possible.    John had a bad cold. He kept _（咳嗽）the whole night.     Its

19、no use _(后悔) what you have done.7. 忽略形容詞、副詞的恰當(dāng)選擇或比較級、最高級形式   Youll feel _（涼爽）to stand in the shade than in the sun.      Please think _ (仔細(xì)) before you answer the questions【應(yīng)試策略】u運用單詞拼寫“三到位”判斷法，即從詞義、詞性、詞形三方面考慮判斷。(1)判斷詞義。由句意或所給漢語判斷詞義，確定單詞。(2)判斷詞性。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷是用形容詞

20、還是用副詞，用動詞還是用名詞等。1) He is a writer of rich_(想象)2) The girl who kept shouting and crying was_(顯然) mad     3) Darwin based his ideas on _(科學(xué))experiment4）All the students in my class _(成功) in passing the final exam.(3)判斷詞形。要注意單詞的詞形變化。名詞要考慮是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)名詞，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。形容詞要看是原級，還是比較級、最高級。動詞則要判斷是

21、何種時態(tài)，或是現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等。1)We had great difficulty in _(呼吸)for the air was thin.2) Their living conditions have been _(改善)in the past few years .3) In our library ,there are many newspapers and _(雜志) for us to read .4) She has some_(困難)remembering people's names.5) It is _ (涼爽)today than it was yesterd

22、ay .v仔細(xì)認(rèn)真，不忘大小寫1)_(秋天)comes after summer.2) Some American children posted some _(圣誕)cards to us3) _(一月)is the first month of the year.附答案 【典型錯誤】 1. European   immediate   arrival 2. vegetables passengers  mice3. furniture  congratulations 4. frozen   spread

23、60;  referring5. rebuilt    recognized   gathered 6. receiving    coughing 7. cooler     carefully【應(yīng)試策略】 1. imagination   obviously   scientific   succeeded 2. breathing    improved 

24、60; magazines  difficulty/trouble  cooler3. Autumn    Christmas    Januaryw書寫要工整、清楚。特別要注意幾個手寫時易混的字母，如u和v；a和u ；d和cl.不要因為書寫時字跡潦草或不規(guī)范而丟分?！緜淇疾呗浴?u 過硬地牢固記憶高考考試大綱詞匯表中的所有單詞。需要特別熟記的常用詞： 一年中的十二個月；一周中的七天；一年中的四季 大洲大洋國家名(名詞、形容詞)； 東西南北(名詞、形容詞)； 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞（特別是不規(guī)則的詞）； 不規(guī)則動詞的過去式

25、和過去分詞； 動詞加-ed或-ing雙寫最后一個字母的詞, 如：1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承認(rèn) 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出現(xiàn)5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 寧愿 6. forget (forgetting ) 忘記7. permit (permitted, permitting)允許 8. equip (equipped, equipp

26、ing) 裝備9. refer(referred, referring) 提到，查閱 高考考試大綱詞匯表中的形容詞變名詞時的拼寫變化，如：1. deep depth深度        2. longlength 長度；      3. widewidth 寬度；4. high height 高度；     5. strongstrength力量      6. happy happine

27、ss 幸福 高考考試大綱詞匯表中的動詞變名詞時的拼寫變化，如：1. succeedsuccess成功                      2. enterentrance進(jìn)入3. pronounce pronunciation 發(fā)音         4. decidedecision 決定5. expl

28、ainexplanation解釋                   6. permitpermission 允許7. considerconsideration 考慮                8. describedescription  描述9. a

29、rrivearrival 到達(dá)                       10. weighweight 重20062012 陜西高考單詞拼寫分類精選2006陜西高考66.We should make sure that the (事故) scene is no longer dangerous.67.We had great difficulty in (呼吸),for t

30、he air was thin.68.Well,youve acted (愚蠢地) and you will pay for it.69.He was wearing dark glasses to (保護(hù))his eyes from the sun.70.Honestly I thought the fried chicken was (可口的).71.In (地理)lessons we learn about countries and people in them. 72.They got lost in the desert and (挨餓) to death.73.The car w

31、as a (廉價貨) at that price.74.Their living conditions have been (改善)in the past few years.75.Please give my (祝賀) when you see her.總結(jié)：一、4名詞（3原型1復(fù)數(shù)）二、1形1副（有“的”“地”提示）三、4動詞1原型、1過去式、1過去分詞、1非謂語動詞（固定短語） 2007陜西高考66Spring has come, and the trees are thick with green _ （葉子）.67Andorra is a small mountain _ （共和國）

32、between France and Spain.68I consider it _ （不可能） to believe a single word you say.69He turned on the television sct hanging from the _ （天花板）.70We were talking on the phone when, _ （突然）, the line went dead.71One of my favourite sayings is “Understand all and _ （寬怒）all.”72A man I _ （認(rèn)出）as his father s

33、at with a newspaper on his knees.73Techaical progress would put out firm in _ （擁有） of the home market.74 _ （贏得） the support of the majority requires time,energy and devotion.75Xian International _ （展覽） Center has attracted many business people.總結(jié)：一、5名詞（4原型1復(fù)數(shù)）二、1形1副（無“的”“地”提示）三、3動詞1原型、1過去式、1非謂語動詞（動名

34、詞作主語）2008陜西高考66. He was _ (好奇) to know what was happening in the office.67. There is much work to do, so well have to _ (分) it between us.68. His nose ran , he coughed, and his _ (體溫) was a little up.69. The _ (第十二) man in a football team will play if one of the other players is ill.70. Its no use _

35、 (后悔) what you have done.71. The acceptance of new members is _ (嚴(yán)格) controlled.72. When building _ (材料) cost more. the price of houses increases.73. Leave your key with a _ (鄰居) in case you lock yourself out one day.74. The idea started in Standlake and has _ (傳開) throughout the country.75. Its col

36、d today, Please put another _ (毯子) on the bed.一、4名詞（3原型1復(fù)數(shù)）二、1形1副（無“的”“地”提示）三、3動詞1原型、1過去分詞、1非謂語動詞（固定短語）四、1序數(shù)詞 2009陜西高考66.Owning a house of their own is a _(夢想)for the young couple.67.We will _(參加) a meeting to celebrate the sixtieth birthday of the P.R. China.68.We left the road and _(爬) the hill to

37、wards the wood.69.He was about to speak but she raised a _(手指) to her lips.70.He is an excellent _（律師） with a good brain and a determination to achieve.71.China Daily is _（廣泛地） read in North America.72. If you cannot find wooden boxes. you may use either _（塑料的）or metal ones instead.73.Sarah lives wi

38、th her husband and children in a flat in _（中心的）London.74.Brown stood at the door, _（歡迎） newcomers with a large smile.75.We should know our own strengths and_（弱點） and think what could be done about them.總結(jié)：一、4名詞（3原型1復(fù)數(shù)）二、2形1副（有“的”“地”提示）三、3動詞1原型、1過去式、1非謂語動詞（伴隨狀語）2010陜西高考66.The car is running at a _ (速

39、度)of eighty kilometers an hour.67.The teacher is glad that everyone in her class is_ (渴望的)to learn.68.Jeff has the _ (習(xí)慣)of listening to music while reading.69.Mr. White has been _（缺席的）from work for days, so he knows nothing about our new plan.70.He tried to_（解釋）,but she wouldnt listen.71.The local

40、government is _（討論）how to help the poor in the countryside.72.When things arent going well, my parents always _（鼓勵）me, telling me not to give up.73.Miss Harper closed her eyes and _（假裝）to be asleep.74.We sat chatting for a few _（分鐘）after finishing our meal.75.I have been _（深深地）impressed by a number

41、of experiences in her life.總結(jié)：一、3名詞（2原型1復(fù)數(shù)）二、2形1副（有“的”“地”提示）三、4動詞2原型、1過去式、1現(xiàn)在分詞2011陜西高考66. The smell of （新鮮的）bread and frying eggs filled the kitchen.67. He has devoted his whole life to world （和平）.68. Alexander Graham Bell became famous overnight by （發(fā)明）the telephone.69. Several companies have anno

42、unced their intention to （競爭）for the construction project.70. Both my parents were born in （十月）,but five years apart.71. The symptoms of flu may be unpleasant, but they (消失) within a few days.72. Christophe Bites was born and brought up in France, but he speaks English (流利地).73. Among the many (業(yè)余愛好

43、) of his are reading, music and tennis.74. Sue Wood was only nine when her first short story was .(出版).75. I have an (道歉) to make to youIm afraid I opened your letter by mistake.總結(jié)：一、4名詞（3原型1復(fù)數(shù)）二、1形1副（有“的”“地”提示）三、4動詞2原型、1過去分詞、1非謂語動詞（介詞賓語）2012陜西高考66. This T-shirt is made of high quality _(純的）cotton.6

44、7. More and more Chinese people are able to_(付得起）to travel abroad.68. The first official results are not expected until _(星期二）at the earliest.69. He was wearing a very _(嚴(yán)肅的）expression and I knew something was wrong.70. Regular tests help the teacher to learn about the_ (進(jìn)步）of each student.71. The o

45、pen exhibition will allow local _(藝術(shù)家）to show their talents.72. He _(承諾）that he would come，but he hasn11 turned up yet.73. The staff soon found the new manager easy to_(接近）.74. There is nothing there you are just _(想象）things!75. The little girl walked _(自信地）onto the stage, ready for her first speech

46、.總結(jié)：一、3名詞（2原型1復(fù)數(shù)）二、2形1副（有“的”“地”提示）三、4動詞2原型、1過去式、1現(xiàn)在分詞）專項練習(xí)一假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（A )，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（ )劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線（一），并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。I learned early in life that I had to be more

47、patient and little aggressive. From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry and broke it. For a while parents bought me new toys. But before long they beganto see which was happening. When I

48、 tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, "That's it. No more toys to you." My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.2. My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a w

49、eek when we visit Beijing last month. It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room. I checked my email messages every d

50、ay. I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish.It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.3. Dear Diana,Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. I

51、t was so kind tor you to let us bring Anne'sfriend. Gina. Unfortunate, the only problem was the journey home. There had been a terribleaccident on the highway and, for a result, there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile. Inthe end, we drove to a service station and waited there unle

52、ss the road was clear. In the car park Gina nearly got knocked over as a car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. Theyfinally dropped Gina off at her parents' and made our own way to home.4. In recent years many flowers shops have been appeared in our small town. It is common for peopl

53、e to buy flowers when they go to a gathering, visiting a sick friend, or attend a wedding or birthday party. I still remember clear one day last year when Tom, a disabled student, presented some flowers to his mother to express his gratitude for her. He owing his entire life to his mothers kind and

54、care. With her he would not have had the confidence or the courage to fight his disability. As a result the great effort he has made, he was finally admitted to a key university.5. On January 5th, students in our school visited Robot World, which we saw a great diversity of robot. It was amazed to f

55、ind those robots could do a great number of things just like real people, included playing chess, playing the piano and drawing pictures. Whats more, the robots were in different kinds and shapes, which made us enjoyable. In addition, that excited me most is the show given by a group of robots. They

56、 danced just as if they were dancers on the stage. By visiting Robot World, I have learned a lot of about robots , especial about their functions and shapes. The great human wisdom is so powerful that it make us feel more comfortable live in the world.6. Suzy and her mother were in their summer vaca

57、tion. They enjoyed a wonderfully day at the beach and stayed longer than they have expected. They were driving home very late at night while a heavy storm broke out. Suzys mother could hardly see to drive. Then suddenly they saw the house with a sign said “Welcome Inn”. Suzys mother thought would be a good idea to stop for the night or go home in the morning. They parked in the front of the door, hurried up the stairs that led to front door, and knocked. The owner warmly welcame them, and Suzy and her mother all felt happy. 7. Last Sunday afternoon, I went to the zoo with Lily. There was lo