新概念一冊(cè)語法復(fù)習(xí)總結(jié)材料新

1、新概念英語一冊(cè)語法總結(jié) 一 時(shí)態(tài)： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去將來時(shí) 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。 含有be動(dòng)詞的句子 He is a teacher. The girl is very beautiful. Tim and Jack are students. 變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首 he a teacher? the girl very beautiful? Tim and Jack students? 變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not He a teacher. The girl very bea

2、utiful. Tim and Jack students. 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, he is. No, he is not. Yes, she is. No, she is not. Yes, they are. No, they are not. 即含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子 第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞 He books. She him. The dog bones. 變疑問句在句首加does, 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?he like books? she like him? the dog like bones? 變否定句在主語及動(dòng)詞之間加doesn't, 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?He like bo

3、oks. She like him. The dog like bones. 肯定回答及否定回答： Yes, he does. No, he doesn't. Yes, she does. No, she doesn't. Yes, it does. No, it doesn't. 注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。 其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞I want to have a bath. We have some meat. The students like smart teachers. 變疑問句在句首加

4、變否定句在主語和動(dòng)詞之間加You We The students 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I do. No, I donYes, we do. No, we donYes, they do. No, they don2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成：主語分詞的構(gòu)成見附錄）We are having lunch. He is reading a book. The dog is running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river. 變疑問句將 we having lunch? he reading a book?

5、 the dog running after a cat? Are the boys swimming across the river? 變否定句在We The dog The boys 特殊疑問句：疑問詞What are you doing? What is she doing? What is the dog doing? 沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作1. 表示感覺，感官的詞see, hear, like, love, want, 2. have, has實(shí)用文檔 文案大全doyou want to have a bath?we have any

6、 meat?the students like smart teachers?dot.want to have a bath.have any meat.like smart teachers.t.tt.be +doingb動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞其它成（現(xiàn)b動(dòng)詞移到句b動(dòng)詞后面nothaving lunch.running after a cat.swimming across the river.what, which, how, where, who, etc.b動(dòng)詞主語現(xiàn)在分當(dāng)”擁有”講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行 3. 一般過去時(shí) 表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件， 常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday

7、, last 1) 表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，just, usually, already, sinceI have just had lunch. (He has had a cup of tea.They 了）The boy has already read the book. 內(nèi)容了，不用再看了）2) 詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 3) 表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years. I have worked for this school for 1 year. 4) 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)歷過事情I

8、 have never had a bath. I have never seen a film. I have never been to cinema. I have ever been to Paris. Have been toI have He has 5) 表示一種結(jié)果，一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用I have lost my pen. I have hurt myself. He has become a teacher. She has broken my heart. 句型變化：變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加 Have you lost your pen? I ha

9、ve not lost my pen. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. No, I have not. 特殊疑問句：What have you done? What has he done? 一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子為過去時(shí) 注意：因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語連用night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago, 含有be動(dòng)詞的句子， 將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，am, is的過去式為was，are的過去式為were I at the butcher's. You a student a year ago.

10、 The teacher very beautiful ten years ago. 變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首 you at the butcher's? you a student a year ago? the teacher very beautiful ten years ago? 變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not I was at the butcher's. You were a student a year ago. The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago. 肯定回答否定回答 Yes, I was. No, I

11、was not. Yes, you were. No, you were not. Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not. 特殊疑問句： What did you do? 含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，動(dòng)詞過去式構(gòu)成見附錄 I finished my homework yesterday. The boy went to a restaurant. The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago. 變疑問句在句首加did， 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?you finish your homework yesterday? th

12、e boy go to a restaurant? the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago? 變否定句在主語和動(dòng)詞之間加did not I finish my homework yesterday. The boy go to a restaurant. The Sawyers live at King Street a year ago. 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I did. No, I didn't. Yes, he did. No, he didn't. Yes, they did. No, they did not.

13、4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 構(gòu)成：主語+助動(dòng)詞have/has+過去分詞 用法： 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全常等時(shí)間副詞連飽了，不用再吃)（不渴了，不用再喝havealreadyhadtheirholiday.（不能再度（已經(jīng)知道書you finished your homework?you been to Beijing?he seen the film?經(jīng)驗(yàn)去過地方做過事情表示去過have gone to表示去to London. 人已經(jīng)回)to London（人還在那里not.有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)不能延續(xù) 錯(cuò)：I've left Beijing for 3 days. 對(duì)：I left B

14、eijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days. 5. 一般將來時(shí) 表示將來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 經(jīng)常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours' time, etc. 表示將來的詞聯(lián)用 結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形 I to America tomorrow. The pilot to Japan the month after the next. Jack into his new h

15、ouse tomorrow morning. 變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首 you go to America tomorrow? the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next? Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning? 變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not I go to America tomorrow. The pilot fly to Japan the month after the next. Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning 肯定回答

16、及否定回答 Yes, I will. No, I will not. Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not. Yes, he will. No, he will not. 特殊疑問句： What will you do? 6. 過去完成時(shí)： 用法：在過去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的那個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過去完成時(shí)。 結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過去分詞 After she had finished her homework, she went shopping. They had sold the car before I asked the price. The train

17、 had left before I arrived at the station. After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)，如果放在主句后則不用加。 變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首 she finished her homework? 變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not She finished her homework. 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, she had. No, she hadn What had she done? 7. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中。結(jié)構(gòu)：When this morning, he dropped some coins

18、 on the floor. While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV. 8 結(jié)構(gòu)：She said she would go here the next morning. 二、there be 1. Be going to 表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃做某事結(jié)構(gòu)：主語I am going to make a bookcase. They are going to paint it. The daughter. 變疑問句將 daughter? 變否定句在I am not going to make a bookcase. They a

19、re not going to paint it. The daughter. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. No, I am not. Yes, they are. No, they are not. Yes, he is. No, he is not. 特殊疑問句What are you going to do? What are they going to do? What is the father going to do? 2. There be 表示哪里有什么東西 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全t.特殊疑問句經(jīng)常用when, while, awas/were+doingmyhusba

20、ndwasgoingintothediningroom過去將來would do特殊句型句型be going to結(jié)結(jié)+b動(dòng)+going to 動(dòng)詞原fatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisb動(dòng)詞移到句you going to make a bookcase?they going to paint it?thefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisb動(dòng)詞后面notfatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohis句某處有某)There i單數(shù)名詞表示場(chǎng)所的（一般為介詞詞組） There a book in thi

21、s room. There a pen on the table There are復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示場(chǎng)所的詞（一般為介詞詞組） There two pens on the table. There three schools there. 變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首 there a book in this room. Are there two pens on the table? 變否定句在動(dòng)詞后面加not There a book in this room. There two pens on the table. 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, there is. No, there is

22、not. Yes, there are. No, there are not. 三、 問句： 一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否定疑問句 一般疑問句: 助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語 Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea? 特殊疑問句: 特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句 What is your name? 選擇疑問句: or Do you want beef or lamb? 反意疑問句: 肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分， 否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分 You don't need that pen, ? 否定疑問句

23、: 一般疑問句+否定詞 Aren't you lucky? Don't you want have a rest? 二冠詞用法：a/an/the的一般用法 詳細(xì)見筆記 三 限定詞：some, any, many, much some, any 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問句，注意，當(dāng)期待對(duì)方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用some many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用 Some any thing one where body a lot of, I have a lot of money

24、. I don 四種類，復(fù)數(shù)，名詞所有格1名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞無法分開的東西：抽象的東西：不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn)： 不能用 不能加 和單數(shù) 可數(shù)名詞：?jiǎn)螖?shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則規(guī)則規(guī)則規(guī)則規(guī)則不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式單 復(fù) 單 復(fù) thing one where body 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全在否定句中表示很多many, much.t have much money. 名詞water, tea, bread, milk, ricelove, beauty, coldnes（寒冷a, a修sb動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞搭s名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以下幾種變化

25、1一般情+se.g. shelshells boobooks2s, x, ch, s結(jié)+ese.g.fofoxeschurcchurches,bubuses,watcwatches3結(jié)+ese.g.potatpotatoes,NegrNegroes,herheroes, tomattomatoe（口訣黑人英雄愛土豆和西紅柿，剩下一般s, radiradios4f, f結(jié)尾的，f, fvese.g. lifliveshalhalves, shelshelves, citcities, wifwives5以輔音字+結(jié),i+ese.g. skskiesflfliesmanwomanfootgoose

26、toothchildsheepdeermousefishnoevery 五 介詞( 注意總結(jié)書上詞組) 六副詞：用法及形容詞變副詞的變化 副詞可以修飾形容詞，動(dòng)詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子。如： The book is very good. He runs fast. She came here quite early. Certainly I will go with you. 變化： 1 直接在形容詞后加-ly, careful-carefully, slow-slowly, 2 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變I, 加-ly, happy-happily, lucky-luckily 3 形容詞

27、和副詞的形式相同 fast, hard, late 4 有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn)： neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately, 一 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用：can, must, may, might, need, 1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can（能夠）, must（必須）, may（可以） 結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型 He can make the tea. Sally can air the room. We can speak English. 變疑問句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首 he make the tea? must to do3must, ma

28、y, might must do must have done must 事實(shí)的猜測(cè) may/might do, may/might have done何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)， can4need 詞，也可以加不定式：I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I donI need to have a rest. The flowers need watering. You early. Must I clean the desk right now? No, you needn七I looked anywhere. If you want go somewher

29、e, if you want to be someone, you must wake up. Help! Somebody? Anybody? You are really something. Since everybody is here, letWhere did you go? I went nowhere. Nobody is at home. I have nothing left. 八感嘆句： What a beautiful girl she is! How beautiful the girl is! 九祈使句： 祈使句（第二人稱）祈使句表示請(qǐng)求，命令，建議，邀請(qǐng)等，謂語動(dòng)

30、詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用主語，句末用驚嘆好 Sally air the room? we speak English? 變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not He make the tea. Sally air the room. We speak English. 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, he can. No, he cannot. Yes, she can. No, she cannot. Yes, we can. No, we cannot. 特殊疑問句： What can you do? 注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加S。 2Must/hav

31、e to的區(qū)別 must 表示必須，是主觀上覺得應(yīng)該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里，have可以用在任何時(shí)表示猜測(cè)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的猜havebeendoing表示對(duì)過去正在進(jìn)行表示沒有migh的可能性更小t/couldt表示不可用法表示“需要”時(shí)為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，后面可以加t.Need doing=need to be don，表示被Nee在否定時(shí)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使needtgosoearly.=Youdotneedtogosot. 不定代詞及不定副詞formybookeverywhere,butIcatfind

32、its begin our class.What 名主謂How +形容主謂第二人稱let其他人稱代祈使句的否定，dot反意疑 或者句號(hào)，用降調(diào)。 肯定句 動(dòng)詞原型 例， Come here, please. Go downstairs, please. Stand up. Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful. 祈使句中如果有喚語，一定要用逗號(hào)隔開，放在句首或者句尾 Come in, Amy. Sit down here, Tom. Mary, give me a book please. 否定：Don't+動(dòng)詞原型 come here. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一

33、般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)be going tocan-could hereday, this 十二主語及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語直接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，間接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事務(wù)，也可以說間接賓語表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰做的，或者是為誰做的。所以間接賓語要用名詞或者賓格代詞來擔(dān)當(dāng)。He gives me a book. me間接賓語直接賓語和間接賓語的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞或for 主語及物動(dòng)詞直接賓語介詞Give me a book.=Give a book _me Give the book to me. Give _ _ Send his a letter. Send a letter

34、 Send a letter to him. Send_ _ Show him the new dress. Show the new dress _him. Show the new dress to him. 十三賓語從句，定語從句（限定性）從句（ 過去時(shí)，那么賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)要和主句統(tǒng)一；如果賓語從句為疑問詞引導(dǎo)，那么語序要用陳述語序，即主語在前，動(dòng)詞在后。 般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)What will you do if you win a lot of money? If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. 十四用法請(qǐng)見結(jié)構(gòu)：to do,

35、用法：可以做除謂語以外的所有成分，語法上稱之為非謂語動(dòng)詞。做賓語：在一些動(dòng)詞后常用不定式做賓語，例如： sit down. stand up. give me it. let sb. do Let me pass. Let us have a rest. Let's have a rest. (反意疑問)： Let's have a walk along the river, ? Let us go out for a drink, ? 十 倒裝句：so/neither的倒裝 He can swim. So I. I didn't go to class. Neithe

36、r I. 結(jié)構(gòu)： so/neither+be+ 主語 so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+ 主語 so/neither+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 主語 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), do, does/am, is, are 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí), am, is, are 一般過去時(shí), did 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), have, has 一般將來時(shí), will, shall, 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，was, were 過去完成時(shí)，had 過去將來時(shí), would 十一 直接引語/間接引語 如果引語的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，那么間接引語要做相應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞 時(shí)態(tài)變化： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí) 實(shí)用文檔

37、 文案大全was/were going to/wouldmay-might時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化there,tomorrothenextday,thefollowingtha人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q 直接賓間接賓, a boo直接賓t間接賓him. 從句，表語從句，狀i引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句賓語從句：如果賓語從句的主句中的動(dòng)詞定語從句表語從句 狀語從i引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句主句用.動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語及賓語補(bǔ)語的用詳NECII) want, like, ask ,try 做賓補(bǔ)：want sb. to do, ask sb. to do, like sb. to do 常見縮寫： is=s I am=I&#

38、39;m are=re is not=isn't/ iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/ do not=dondoes not=doesnwas=did not=didncan not=canhave=has=have not=havenhas not=hasnwill=will not=wonshall not=shan 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全ttsttvesttlltt 附錄： 代詞及be動(dòng)詞 名詞復(fù)數(shù) 動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞 動(dòng)詞過去式 過去式的讀音 形容詞的比較級(jí) 形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí) 代詞及be動(dòng)詞 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 實(shí)用文檔 文案大全主Iweyouyoushe/he/itthey賓meusyouyouher/him/itthem代詞所有myouryouryourher/his/itstheir名詞性代mineoursyoursyour