土木工程專業(yè)外文文獻(xiàn)與翻譯

1、學(xué)校代碼：學(xué) 號:外文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯學(xué)院：土系別：建專業(yè)：土班級：土指導(dǎo)教師：學(xué)生某：About Buiding on the Structure Design木工程學(xué)院筑工程系木工程（建筑工程方向）木0 8-4班二 一二年六月英文原文：Building construction concrete crack ofprevention and processingAbstractThe crack problem of con crete is a widespread existe nee but aga in difficult in solve of engineering actual p

2、roblem, this text carried on a study analysis to a little bit familiar crack problem in the concrete engineering, and aim at concrete the circumsta nee put forward some preve nti on, process ing measure.Keyword:C on crete crack preve ntio n process ingForewordCon crete's ising 1 kind is an ticip

3、ate by the freest one bone, ceme nt, water and other mixture but formation of the in addition material of quality brittleness not and all material.Because the con crete con struct ion tran sform with on eself, con trol etc. a series problem, harden model of in the concrete existence numerous tiny ho

4、le, spirit cave and tiny crack, is exactly because these begi nning start blemish of existe nce just make the concrete present one some not and all the characteristic of quality.The tiny crack is a kind of harmless crack and accept con crete heavy, defe nd Shen and a little bit other use function no

5、t a creati on to endan ger.But after the con crete be subjected to lotus carry, differe nce in temperature etc. fun ctio n, tiny crack would con ti nu ously of expa nd with conn ect, end formati on we can see without the aid of in strume nts of macro view the crack be also the crack that the concret

6、e often say in the engin eeri ng.Con crete buildi ng and Gou piece usually all take sewer to make of, because of crack of existe nce and developme nt usually make inner part of reinforcing bar etc. material creation decay, lower reinforced concrete material of loading ability, durable and an ti- She

7、n ability, in flue nce build ing of external appeara nce, service life, severity will threat arrive people's life and property safety.A lot of all of crash of engineerings is because of the unsteady development of the crack with the result that.Moder n age scie nee research with a great deal of

8、of the con crete engin eeri ng practice certificate, in the con crete engin eeri ng crack problem is in eluctable, also acceptable in certainly of the scope just need to adopt valid of measure will it endan ger degree con trol at certa in of scope in side.The rein forced con crete norm is also expli

9、cit provisi on: Some structure at place of dissimilarity un der the con diti on allow existence certain the crack of width.But at under construction should as far as possible adopt a valid measure control crack creation, make the structure don't appear crack possibly or as far as possible decrea

10、se crack of amount and width, particularly want to as far as possible avoid harmful crack of emerge nce, in sure engin eeri ng quality thus.Con crete crack creati on of the reas on be a lot of and have already tran sformed to cause of crack:Such as temperature variety, constringency, inflation, the

11、asymmetry sink to sink etc. reas on cause of crack;Have outside carry the crack that the function cause;Protected environment not appropriate the crack etc. caused with chemical effect.Want differentiation to treat in the actual engineering, work °ut a problem accord ing to the actual circumsta

12、 nce.In the con crete engin eeri ng the familiar crack and the preve nti onI.Stem Suo crack and preve nti onStem the Suo crack much appear after the con crete protect be over of a period of time or con crete spri nkle to build to plete behi nd of around a week .In the ceme nt syrup humidity of evapo

13、rate would creation stem Suo, and this kind of constringency is can't negative.Stem Suo crack of the creation be main is because of concrete in side outside humidity evaporate degree dissimilarity but cause to tran sform dissimilarity of result:The con crete is subjected to exterior con diti on

14、of in flue nce, surface humidity loss lead quick, transform bigger, inner part degree of humidity variety smaller transform smaller, bigger surface stem the Suo transform to be subjected to concrete inner part control, creation more big pull should dint but creati on crack.The relative humidity is m

15、ore low, ceme nt syrup body stem Suo more big, stem the Suo crack be more easy creation.Stem the Suo crack is much surface parallel lines form or the net shallow thin crack, width many between 0.05-0.2 mm, the flat surface part much see in the big physical volume con crete and follow it more in thin

16、ner beam plank short to distribute.Stem Suo crack usually the anti- Shen of in flue nee con crete, cause the durable of the rust eclipse in flue nee con crete of reinforcing bar, under the function of the water pressure dint would creation the water power split crack in flue nee con crete of load in

17、g dint etc.C on crete stem the Suo be main with water ash of the concrete ratio, the dosage of the position, cement of cement, gather to anticipate of the dosage of the property and dosage, in addition etc. releva nt.Main prevention measure:While being to choose to use the constringency quantity sma

18、ller cement, general low hot water mire and powder ash from stove ceme nt in the adopti on, I ower the dosage of ceme nt.Two is a con crete of stem the Suo be subjected to water ash ratio of in flue nee more big, water ash ratio more big, stem Suo more big, so in the concrete match the ratio the des

19、ign should as far as possible control good water ash ratio of choose to use, the Chan add in the meantime acmodation of reduce water.Three is strict control concrete mix blend with under construction of match ratio, use of concrete water quantity absolute can't big in match ratio design give set

20、tle of use water quantity.Four is the earlier period which stre ngthe n con crete to protect, and appropriate exte nsion protect of con crete time.Wi nter con structi on want to be appropriate exte nsion con crete heat preservation to overlay time, and Tu2 Shua protect to protect.Five is a constitut

21、ion the acmodati on is in the con crete structure of the con stri ngency sew.2.The Su con stri ngency crack and preve nti onSu constringency is the concrete is before condense, surface because of lose water quicker but creati on of con stri ngen cy.The Su con stri ngency crack is gen eral at dry hea

22、t or strong wind the weather appear, crack's much presenting in the center breadth, both ends be in the cen terthi n and the len gth be differe nt, with each other not cohere nt appeara nce.Shorter crack gen eral l ong 20-30 cm, the Ion ger crack can reach to a 2-3 m, breadth 1-5 mm.It creation

23、of main reason is:The concrete is eve ntually almost hav ing no stre ngth or stre ngth before the Ning very small, perhaps con crete just eve ntually Ning but stre ngth very hour, be subjected to heat or pare strong wind dint of in flue nee, the con crete surface lose water to lead quick, result in

24、in the capillary creati on bigger n egative press but make a con crete physical volume sharply constringency, but at this time the strength of concrete again can't resist its con stri ngency, therefore creati on cracked.The in flue nee con crete Su con stri ngency ope n the main factor of crack

25、to have water ash ratio, con crete of condense time, en vir onment temperature, wind velocity, relative humidity.etc.Main prevention measure:One is choose to use stem the Suo value smaller higher Huo sour salt of the earlier period strength or mon the Huo sour brine mire.Two is strict the control wa

26、ter ash ratio, the Chan add to efficiently reduce water to in creme nt the collapse of con crete fall a degree and with easy, decrease cement and water of dosage.Three is to sprinkle before building concrete, water basic level and template eve n to soak through.Four is in time to overlay the perhaps

27、 damp grass mat of the plastics thin film, hemp slice etc., keep con crete eve ntually before the Ning surface is moist, perhaps spray to protect etc. to carry on protect in the con crete surface.Five is in the heat and strong wind the weather to want to establish to hide sun and block breeze facili

28、ties, protect in time.3.S ink to sink crack and preve nti onThe creation which sink to sink crack is because of the structure foundation soil quality not and eve nly, l oose soft or return to fill soil dish on est or soak in water but result in the asymmetry sink to decline with the result that;Perh

29、aps because of template just degree shortage, the template propped up to once be apart from big or prop up bottom loose move etc. to cause, especially at winter, the template prop up at jelly soil up, jelly the soil turn jelly empress creation asymmetry to sink to decli ne and cause con crete struct

30、ure creati on crack.This kind crack many is deep en ter or pierce through sex crack, it alig nment have somethi ng to do with sinking to sink a circumsta nee, gen eral follow with ground perpe ndicular or prese nt 30 s-45 Cape directi on developme nt, bigger sink to sink crack, usually have certa in

31、 of wrong, crack width usually with sink to decline quantity direct proportion relation.Crack width un der the in flue nee of temperature variety smaller.The foun dati on after transform stability sink to sink crack also basic tend in stability.Main prevention measure:One is rightness loose soft soi

32、l, return to fill soil foun dati on a con struct ion at the upper part structure front should carry on n ecessity of Hang solid with rein force.Two is the stre ngth that assura nce template is eno ugh and just degree, and prop up firm, and make the foundation be subjected to dint eve n. Three is kee

33、p con crete from spri nkle infusing the foun dati on in the process is soak by water.Four is time that template tore down to can't be too early, and want to notice to dismantle a mold order of sequence.Five is at jelly soil top take to establish template to no tice to adopt certa in of preve nti

34、o n measure.4.Temperature crack and preve nti onTemperature crack much the occurrence is in big surface or difference in temperature variety of the physical volume concrete pare the earth area of the con crete structure.C on crete after spri nkli ng to build, in the harde ning the process, cement wa

35、ter turn a creation a great deal of of water turn hot, .(be the cement dosage is in the 350-550 kg/m 3, each sign square the rice concrete will release a calories of 17500-27500 kJ and make con crete internal thus the temperature rise to reach to 70 °C or so even higher)Because the physical vol

36、ume of concrete be more big, a great deal of of water turn hot accumulate at the con crete inner part but not easy send forth, cause inner part the temperature hoick, but the concrete surface spread hot more quick, so formatio n in side outside of bigger differe nce in temperature, the bigger differ

37、ence in temperature result in inner part and exterior hot the degree of the bulge cold Suo dissimilarity, make concrete surface creation certain of pull should dint.When pull should dint exceed the anti- of concrete pull stre ngth extreme limit, con crete surface meet ing creatio n crack, this ki nd

38、 of crack much occurre nce after the con crete un der con structi on periodn the con crete of under construction be difference in temperature variety more big, perhaps is a con crete to be subjected to assault of cold wave etc., will cause con crete surface the temperature sharply desce nd, but crea

39、ti on con stri ngen cy, surface con stri ngency of the con crete be subjected to inner part con crete of con trol, creatio n very big of pull should di nt but creati on crack, this ki nd of crack usually just in more shallow scope of the con crete surface creatio n.The alig nment of the temperature

40、crack usually none settle regulati on, big area structure the crack ofte n man euver in terleave;The size bigger structure of the beam plank length, the crack run parallel with short side more;Thorough with pierce through sex of temperature crack gen eral and short side direct ion parallelism or clo

41、se parallelism, crack along long side cent the segme nt appear, i n the cen ter more airtight.Crack width the size be different, be subjected to temperature variety in flue nee more obvious, wi nter pare breadth, summer more n arrow.The con crete temperature crack that the heat inflation cause is us

42、ually in the center the thick both ends be thin, but cold Suo crack of thick thin variety not too obvious.The emergence of the this kind crack will cause the rust eclipse of reinforcing bar, the carbonization of concrete, the anti- jelly which lower concrete melt, anti- tired and anti- Shen ability

43、etc.5.Crack and preve nti on that the chemical react ion causeAlkali bon e's an ticipat ing the crack that react ion crack and reinforcing bar rust eclipse cause is the most familiar in the rein forced con crete structure of because of chemical reacti on but cause of crack.The concrete blend a f

44、uture reunion creation some alkalescence ion, these ion with some activity the bone anticipate creation chemical reaction and absorb surroundings environment in of water but the physical volume enlarge, make con crete crisp loose, in flati on ope n crack .In this kind of crack gen eral emerge nce co

45、n crete structure usage period, once appear very difficult remediable, so should at un der con struct ion adopt valid the measure carry on preve nti on.Main of preve nti on measure:While being to choose to an ticipate with the alkali activity small freest one bone.Two is the in addition which choose

46、 to use low lye mire with low alkali or have no alkali.Three is the Chan which choose to use acmodation with anticipate to repress an alkali bone to an ticipate reacti on.Because the concrete sprinkle to build, flap Dao bad perhaps is a reinforcing bar protection layer thinner, the harmful material

47、get into concrete to make reinforcing bar creation rust eclipse, the reinforcing bar physical volume of the rust eclipse in flati on, cause con crete bulge crack, the crack of this kind type much is a crack lengthways, follow the position of reinforcing bar appear.Usually of prevent measure from hav

48、e:One is assurance reinforcing bar protection the thickness of the layer.Two is a concrete class to go together with to want good.Three is a concrete to sprinkle to note and flap Dao airtight solid.Four is a reinforcing bar surface layer Tu2 Shua an tisepsis coat ing.Crack process ingThe emerge nce

49、of the crack not on ly would in flue nce structure of whole with just degree, return will cause the rust eclipse of reinforcing bar, acceleration concrete of carbonization, Iower durable and anti- of concrete tired, anti- Shen ability.Therefore according to the property of crack and concrete circums

50、tance we want differentiation to treat, in time processing, with assurance building of safety usage.The repair measure of the con crete crack is main to have the followi ng some method:Surface repair method, in fuse syrup, the Qia n sew method, the structure rei nforce a method, con crete displaceme

51、 nt method, electricity chemistry protectio n method and imitate to living from heal method.Surface repair the method be a kind of simple, familiar of repair method, it main be applicable to stability and to structure loading the ability don't have the surface crack of in flue nce and deep en te

52、r crack of process in g.The process ing measure that is usually is a surface in crack daubery cement syrup, the wreath oxyge n gum mire or at con crete surface Tu2 Shua paint, asphalt etc. an tisepsis material, at protectio n of in the mean time for keep ing con crete from con ti nue un der the in f

53、lue nce of various fun cti on to ope n crack, usually can adopti on the surface in crack glue to stick glass fiber cloth etc. measure.1, in fuse syrup, the Qian sew methodIn fuse a syrup method main the con crete crack bee n applicable to have in flue nee or have already defe nd Shen request to the

54、structure whole of repair, it is make use of pressure equipments gum knot the material press into the crack of concrete, gum knot the material harden behind and concrete formation one be whole, thus reinforce of purpose.The in mon use gum knot material has the cement the syrup, epoxy, A Ji C Xi sour

55、 ester and gather ammonia ester to equalize to lear n material.The Qian sew a method is that the crack be a kind of most in mon use method in, it usually is follow the crack dig slot, the Qia n fill Su in the slot or rigid water material with attain closing crack of purpose.The in mon use Su materia

56、l has PVC gum mire, plastics oin tme nt, the D Ji rubber etc.;I n mon use rigid water material is the polymer ceme nt sand syrup.2, the structure rei nforce a methodWhe n the crack in flue nee arrive con crete structure of fun ctio n, will con sideratio n adopt to rei nforce a method to carry on pro

57、cess ing to the con crete structure.The structure rei nforce medium in mon use mai n have the followi ng a few method:The piece of enl argeme nt con crete structure in every aspect accumulate, outside the Cape department of the Gou piece pack type steel, adoption prepare should the di nt method rein

58、 force, glue to stick steel plate to rei nforce, i ncrease to establish fulcrum to rei nforce and jet the con crete pen sati on rein force.3, con crete displaceme nt methodCon crete displaceme nt method is process ing severity damage con crete of a kind of valid method, this method be first will dam

59、age of the con crete pick and get rid of, the n aga in displaceme nt go in to new of con crete or other material.The in mon use displacement material have:mon concrete or the cement sand syrup, polymer or cha nge sex polymer con crete or sand syrup.4, the electricity chemistry protectio n methodThe electricity chemistry antisepsis is to make use of infliction electric field in lie the quality of electricity chemical effect, cha nge con crete or rein forced con crete the environment appearance of