人教八年級(jí)英語上冊(cè)素材unit7 未來最理想的職業(yè)-中英文互譯A

1、Jobs may be scarce today, but if current trends hold, pretty soon there will be plenty of fun, lucrative gigs. If you have the vision to start prepping now, you could be flying starships, reading minds, or designing organs. 工作也許現(xiàn)在很難找，但如果照當(dāng)前的趨勢(shì)發(fā)展下去，不久之后，就會(huì)有很多既有趣又能賺大錢的工作出現(xiàn)。假如你夠有遠(yuǎn)見，現(xiàn)在就著手準(zhǔn)備，那你就有可能成為未來的飛

2、船駕駛員、測(cè)心專家或器官設(shè)計(jì)師。Thought Hacker 思想黑客 Job: Read thoughts. Hiring: 2030 工作內(nèi)容：洞悉人的思想。上崗時(shí)間：2030年Trend: In 2009, U.S. lawyers made the first request to introduce a "lie-detecting" functional-MRI scan as evidence. Though later withdrawn because of shaky scientific support, mind-reading tech will

3、only get stronger. Neuroscientists led by Jack Gallant of the University of California at Berkeley can already roughly reconstruct what people are seeing just from scanning their brains, and memories, thoughts and dreams could be next. Brain-computer interfaces are also well on their way. Fields inc

4、luding psychotherapy and recreational mind-melding will depend on workers who can see into the mind's eye. 發(fā)展趨勢(shì)：2009年，美國律師首次提請(qǐng)將具有“測(cè)謊”功能的核磁共振掃描結(jié)果作為證據(jù)。盡管后來這一提請(qǐng)因?yàn)槿狈煽康目茖W(xué)依據(jù)而被撤回，但測(cè)心技術(shù)的發(fā)展只會(huì)越來越強(qiáng)大。在加州大學(xué)伯克利分校的杰克·加蘭特的率領(lǐng)下，神經(jīng)科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)可以通過掃描人的大腦來大致重現(xiàn)他們?cè)趻呙钑r(shí)刻的所見所聞，下一步還有可能會(huì)重現(xiàn)人的記憶、思想和夢(mèng)境。腦機(jī)接口技術(shù)的發(fā)展也十分順利。包括精神療法和心

5、靈融合娛樂療法在內(nèi)的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域都將依賴于可以看透別人心思的工作人員來開展治療。Education: Neuroscience or computer sciencethey should converge before we go bionic. 應(yīng)受教育：攻讀神經(jīng)科學(xué)或計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)如果能集兩個(gè)專業(yè)于一身，我們將變得神通廣大。Human/Robot Interaction Specialist 人機(jī)交互技術(shù)專家Job: Help robots and people get along. Hiring: 2030 工作內(nèi)容：幫助機(jī)器人與人類和睦相處。上崗時(shí)間：2030年Trend: Robot nu

6、rses won't help Grandpa much if they don't understand his sarcasm. We'll need savvy workers makingand remakingrobots to ensure that they operate seamlessly in our world. And we'll require help coping in theirs. As droids lure people away from real human contact, expect a demand for s

7、pecialized therapists to boost people's social and robotical skills. 發(fā)展趨勢(shì)：機(jī)器人護(hù)士要是聽不懂老爺爺說的那些挖苦人的反話，那就沒多大用處了。我們需要精干的工作人員來造出或改造出可以完全融入我們生活的機(jī)器人。而且，在融入它們的世界時(shí)，我們也需要幫助。隨著機(jī)器人讓人們?cè)诂F(xiàn)實(shí)生活中彼此漸行漸遠(yuǎn)，我們需要專業(yè)的臨床醫(yī)學(xué)家來提升人的社交技能以及與機(jī)器人交流的能力。Education: Schools strong in artificial intelligence, such as MIT, Carnegie Mello

8、n University and Stanford University. 應(yīng)受教育：入讀在人工智能方面具有雄厚實(shí)力的學(xué)校，比如麻省理工學(xué)院、卡內(nèi)基-梅隆大學(xué)和斯坦福大學(xué)。Space Pilot 太空飛行員 Job: Fly shuttles to space. Hiring: 2020 工作內(nèi)容：駕駛飛船前往太空。 上崗時(shí)間：2020年 Trend: Virgin Galactic plans to launch the first commercial suborbital spaceflights by 2012 for about $200,000 a seat. With compe

9、tition from other companies, that price could soon drop low enough for daily shuttle service to outer space, the moon and asteroids for tourism, mining and science. Commercial pilots will regain the mystique they had in the 1960s as thousands of them strap in for the stars. 發(fā)展趨勢(shì)：維珍銀河公司計(jì)劃在2012年前推出首批商

10、業(yè)性質(zhì)的亞軌道航天飛行，飛船的每個(gè)座位約二十萬美元。隨著其他公司加入競爭，這一價(jià)格可能很快就會(huì)下跌，到時(shí)候航天飛機(jī)每天都能發(fā)航班去外太空、月球和小行星，人們可以去旅游、采礦、搞科研。當(dāng)成千上萬的商業(yè)飛行員系上安全帶飛向星空的時(shí)候，他們將像上世紀(jì)60年代那樣再次披上神秘的面紗。Education: Aviation school or the Air Force. Also check out NASA's underwater space-simulator laboratory. 應(yīng)受教育：在飛行學(xué)院或空軍部隊(duì)受訓(xùn)。美國國家航空航天局的水下太空模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室也是不錯(cuò)的選擇。 Animal

11、-Migration Engineer 動(dòng)物遷徙工程師Job: Create new habitats for critters12). Hiring: 2030 工作內(nèi)容：為動(dòng)物創(chuàng)建新的棲息地。 上崗時(shí)間：2030年 Trend: Many habitats are now being destroyed faster than a species can evolve. But moving creatures to new homes could save them. After figuring out which species to put where (quite the tas

12、k), an "assisted migration" effort requires more care than just piling two of everything into an ark. For example, conservationists who currently relocate butterflies identify suitable sites with aerial photos and trim local plants to the insects' exacting standards.發(fā)展趨勢(shì)：如今，許多棲息地遭受破壞的速

13、度比物種進(jìn)化的速度快。不過，如果將動(dòng)物遷移至新的家園，它們就有可能得以拯救。我們先要弄清楚哪些物種該遷到哪里(難度相當(dāng)大)，然后需要實(shí)施“輔助遷徙”。此時(shí)，我們需要格外細(xì)心，這可不僅僅是每一種動(dòng)物的雌類和雄類各挑一只，然后放進(jìn)方舟里面就算完事了。比如，目前正在給蝴蝶安新家的動(dòng)物保護(hù)主義者就是利用航拍照片確定合適的定居點(diǎn)，并嚴(yán)格按照昆蟲的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)刂参镞M(jìn)行修整的。Education: Intern with a group like Operation Migration, which leads cranes to new watering holes. 應(yīng)受教育：加入“遷徙行動(dòng)”之類的組織進(jìn)

14、行實(shí)習(xí)。該組織的主要使命是將鶴引入新濕地。 Organ Designer 器官設(shè)計(jì)師Job: Make organs from scratch. Hiring: 2020工作內(nèi)容：從無到有，制造器官。上崗時(shí)間：2020年Trend: Every 90 minutes, someone in the U.S. dies waiting for a transplant. With the senior population doubling by 2050, expect more internal plumbing problems. Medical company Tengion's

15、 simple “neo-organs”, such as bladders, arrive as soon as next year. But we'll still need to figure out how to fashion trickier organs like lungs, kidneys and hearts, all made using the patient's own cells to reduce rejection. “If you're adding a new fender,” says Tim Bertram, a senior v

16、ice president at Tengion, “it has to be the right make and model.”發(fā)展趨勢(shì)：在美國，每隔90分鐘就有一個(gè)人在等待器官移植中死去。到2050年，老年人口將翻一番，屆時(shí)，預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)有更多的人需要進(jìn)行器官移植。Tegion醫(yī)藥公司生產(chǎn)的構(gòu)造簡單的 “新器官”最快明年就能上市，比如膀胱。不過，我們?nèi)匀恍枰芯咳绾沃圃斐鱿穹?、腎、心臟之類更復(fù)雜的器官。為了減少排斥反應(yīng)，制造這些器官均要使用病人自身的細(xì)胞?！斑@就好比你如果要裝一個(gè)新的擋泥板，”Tengion公司資深副總裁蒂姆·伯特侖說，“那么它的結(jié)構(gòu)和樣式都必須得恰到好處?！盓duc

17、ation: A bioengineering program, such as Wake Forest's, which is working to grow more than 22 different organs and tissues in the lab應(yīng)受教育：學(xué)習(xí)生物工程專業(yè)，比如維克森林大學(xué)就正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里培育超過22種不同的器官和組織。Galactic Architect 銀河建筑師Job: Build cosmic outposts. Hiring: 2025工作內(nèi)容：建造宇宙前哨基地。 上崗時(shí)間：2025年Trend: President Obama says t

18、hat astronauts will reach an asteroid by 2025. Soon we'll be mining precious metals and making rest-stops to Mars, projects that require buildings and vehicles that can withstand everything from subzero temperatures to extreme radiation. Learning to keep people alive in materials-starved space c

19、ould help Earth-dwellers, too. “Extreme environments provide lessons for everywhere,” says Larry Bell, a space architect at the University of Houston. “How do you do more with less? What is recyclable?”發(fā)展趨勢(shì)：奧巴馬總統(tǒng)說，宇航員將在2025年之前到達(dá)某個(gè)小行星。不久之后，我們就能在小行星上開采貴重金屬，并為前往火星建造中途休息站。這類工程所需的建筑物和交通工具要經(jīng)得住包括超低溫和強(qiáng)輻射在內(nèi)的

20、任何因素的考驗(yàn)。學(xué)習(xí)如何讓人在資源匱乏的太空生存對(duì)在地球上居住的人來說同樣有幫助?！皹O端環(huán)境帶來的教訓(xùn)適用于任何地方，”休斯敦大學(xué)太空建筑師拉里·貝爾說，“比如，你如何利用更少的資源做更多的事？哪些東西可循環(huán)利用？”Education: A master's in space architecture, currently available only at the University of Houston.應(yīng)受教育：攻讀太空建筑專業(yè)碩士學(xué)位，目前僅在休斯敦大學(xué)可以拿到該學(xué)位。World Watcher 世界觀察員Job: See it all with satellite

21、s. Hiring: 2030工作內(nèi)容：用衛(wèi)星觀天下。 上崗時(shí)間：2030年Trend: Multispectral satellites can already spot buried ancient cities and track how temperature, population and ground cover help spread disease. As imaging improves, more reverse-astronomers will look down at our own planet with something like a super-powered,

22、 time-lapse Google Earth.發(fā)展趨勢(shì)：多光譜衛(wèi)星已經(jīng)能夠準(zhǔn)確定位地下古城，并對(duì)溫度、人群以及植被如何促進(jìn)疾病傳播進(jìn)行追蹤。隨著成像技術(shù)的發(fā)展，越來越多的“逆向天文學(xué)家”將會(huì)把視線下投，用功能超強(qiáng)、延時(shí)拍攝的“谷歌地球”之類的工具俯瞰我們居住的星球。Education: Archaeology or geophysics, then grad work in Earth imaging, such as at the University of Wisconsin.應(yīng)受教育：攻讀考古學(xué)或地球物理學(xué)專業(yè)，畢業(yè)后再到威斯康星大學(xué)之類的院校學(xué)習(xí)地球成像方面的研究生課程。Forecaster of Everything 全能預(yù)報(bào)員Job: Analyze data to predict the future. Hiring: 2015工作內(nèi)容：分析數(shù)據(jù)，預(yù)測(cè)未來。上崗時(shí)間：2015年Trend: The U.S. Bureau of Labor estimates that demand for statistics wonks will swel