FulltextoftheCopenhagenAccord(歌本哈根協(xié)議全文)

1、full text of the copenhagen accord（歌本哈根協(xié)議全文）the heads of state, heads of govemment, ministers, and other heads of delegation present at theunited nations climate change conference 2009 in copenhagen.in pursuit of the ultimate objective of the convention as stated in its article 2, being guided by th

2、e principles and provisions of the convention, noting the results of work done by the two ad hoc working groups, endorsing decision x/cp.15 on the ad hoc working group on long-term cooperative action and decision x/cmp.5 that requests the ad hoc working group on further commitments of annex i partie

3、s under the kyoto protocol to continue its work, have agreed on this copenhagen accord which is operational immediately.1 we underline that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time we emphasize our strong political will to urgently combat climate change in accordanee with the pri

4、nciple of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities to achieve the ultimate objective of the convention to stabilize greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, we shall, recog

5、nizing the scientific view that the increase in global temperature should be below 2 degrees celsius, on the basis of equity and in the con text of sustai nable developme nt, enhance our ion g-term cooperative acti on to combat climate change we recognize the critical impacts of climate change and t

6、he potential impacts of response measures on countries particularly vulnerable to its adverse effects and stress the need to establish a comprehensive adaptation programme including international support2. we agree that deep cuts in global emissions are required according to scienee, and as document

7、ed by the ipcc fourth assessme nt report with a view to reduce global emissi ons so as to hold the in crease in global temperature below 2 degrees celsius, and take acti on to meet this objective con sistent with science and on the basis of equity. we should cooperate in achieving the peaking of glo

8、bal and national emissions as soon as possible, recog nizing that the time frame for peaki ng will be ion ger in developing countries and bearing in mind that social and economic development and poverty eradication are the first and overriding priorities of developing countries and that a low-emissi

9、on development strategy is indispensable to sustainable development.3. adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change and the potential impacts of response measures is a challenge faced by all countries. enhanced action and international cooperation on adaptation is urgently required to ensure

10、the implementation of the convention by enabling and supporting the implementation of adaptation actions aimed at reducing vulnerability and building resilienee in developing countries, especially in those that are particularly vulnerable, especially least developed countries, small island developin

11、g states and africa we agree that developed countries shall provide adequate, predictable and sustainable finan cial resources, tech no logy and capacity-buildi ng to support the implementation of adaptation action in developing countries4. annex i parties commit to implement individually or jointly

12、 the quantified economywide emissions targets for 2020, to be submitted in the format given in appendix i by annex i parties to the secretariat by 31 january 2010 for compilation in an inf document. annex i parties that are party to the kyoto protocol will thereby further strengthen the emissions re

13、ductions initiated by the kyoto protocol. delivery of reductions and financing by developed countries will be measured, reported and verified in accordanee with existing and any further guidelines adopted by the conference of the parties, and will ensure that accounting of such targets and finance i

14、s rigorous, robust an d tran spare nt.5. nornannex i parties to the convention will impleme nt mitigatio n actio ns, in cludi ng those to be submitted to the secretariat by non-annex i parties in the format given in appendix ii by 31 january 2010, for compilation in an inf document, consistent with

15、article 4.1 and article 4.7 and in the context of sustainable development. least developed countries and small island developing states may undertake actions voluntarily and on the basis of support. mitigation actions subsequently taken and envisaged by non-annex i parties, including national invent

16、ory reports, shall be communicated through national communications consistent with article 12.1(b) every two years on the basis of guidelines to be adopted by the conference of the parties. those mitigation actions in national communications or otherwise communicated to the secretariat will be added

17、 to the list in appendix ii. mitigation actions taken by norvannex i parties will be subject to their domestic measurement, reporting and verification the result of which will be reported through their national communications every two years non-annex i parties will communicate information on the im

18、plementation of their actions through national communications, with provisions for international consultations and analysis under clearly defined guidelines that will ensure that n ational sovereignty is respected. nation ally appropriate mitigation actions seeking international support will be reco

19、rded in a registry along with relevant tech no logy, fi nance and capacity buildi ng support those actions supported will be added to the list in appendix ii. these supported nationally appropriate mitigation actions will be subject to international measurement, reporting and verification in accorda

20、nee with guidelines adopted by the conferenee of the parties6. we recognize the crucial role of reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation and the need to enhance removals of greenhouse gas emission by forests and agree on the need to provide positive incentives to such actions thro

21、ugh the immediate establishment of a mechanism including redd-plus, to enable the mobilization of financial resources from developed countries.7. we decide to pursue various approaches, including opportunities to use markets, to enhance the cost-effective ness of, and to promote mitigati on actio ns

22、. developi ng countries, especially those with low emitting economies should be provided incentives to continue to develop on a low emission pathway.8. scaled up, new and additional, predictable and adequate funding as well as improved access shall be provided to developing countries, in accordance

23、with the relevant provisions of the convention, to enable and support enhaneed action on mitigation, including substantial finance to reduce emissions from deforestatio n and forest degradatio n (redd-plus), adaptatio n, tech no logy development and tran sfer and capacity-building, for enhanced impl

24、ementation of the convention. the collective commitment by developed countries is to provide new and additional resources, including forestry and investments through international institutions, approaching usd 30 billion for the period 2010. 2012 with balanced allocation between adaptati on and miti

25、gatio n. fun ding for adaptati on will be prioritized for the most vulnerable developing countries, such as the least developed countries, small island developing states and africa. in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation, developed countries commit to a go

26、al of mobilizing jointly usd 100 billion dollars a year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries this funding will come from a wide variety of sources, public and private, bilateral and multilateral, including alternative sources of finanee. new multilateral funding for adaptation will b

27、e delivered through effective and efficient fund arrangements, with a governance structure providing for equal representation of developed and developing countries a significant portion of such funding should flow through the copenhagen green climate fund.9. to this end, a high level panel will be e

28、stablished under the guidance of and accountable to the conference of the parties to study the contribution of the potential sources of revenue, including alternative sources of finanee, towards meeting this goal.10. we decide that the copenhagen green climate fund shall be established as an operati