實用外事接待英語口語lesson 14 Visitig the Great Wall

1、lesson 14visiting the great wallspoken english of foreign affairs part i: on the way to the great wall aristotle (greek: aristotls) (384 bc 322 bc) was a greek philosopher, a student of plato and teacher of alexander the great. he wrote on many different subjects, including physics, metaphysics , （形

2、而上學(xué)/玄學(xué)） poetry, theater, logic, rhetoric（修辭學(xué)）, politics, government, ethics（倫理學(xué)）, biology （生物學(xué)）and zoology（動物學(xué)）. archimedes the archimedes screw archimedesabout the lever: give me a place to stand on, and i will move the earth. the period of the warring states: covers the period from some time in th

3、e 5th century bc to the unification of china by the qin dynasty in 221 bc. the seven warring states, were the qi, the chu, the yan, the han, the zhao, the wei and the qin. strategic points: critical location for battles territory: 領(lǐng)土 unify:to make into or become a unit nomadic tribe: 游牧民族xiongnu, mo

4、ngol, manchu extend from to :從. 延綿一直到a review of part i 1 when was the great wall built? 2 why was it built? 3 whats the total length? 4 where is the badaling section located? 5 how high is the highest point?part ii: showing the scenery along the wall ravine n deep narrow steep-sided valley between

5、mountains 既深且狹 坡度很大的山谷 flank:side of sth, eg a building or mountain 側(cè)面（如建 物或山的）. if something is flanked by things, it has them on both sides of it, or sometimes on one side of it.bronze statue of zhan tianyou京張鐵路的“之”字形線路青龍橋火車站所處的這段鐵路是整條京張鐵路的精華所在。車站旁的八達(dá)嶺隧道全長1091米，詹天佑在當(dāng)時沒有新式開山機、抽水機和通風(fēng)機設(shè)備的困難情況下，創(chuàng)造性地采用

6、兩端開鑿、中開豎井的施工方法，順利解決了難題，僅用了18個月就開鑿成功，為我國鐵路第一個超千米長大隧道，它的勝利開通曾在當(dāng)時令世人矚目。針對八達(dá)嶺一帶地勢陡險、坡度大的難題，詹天佑充分發(fā)揮了他的聰明才智，設(shè)計了著名的“之”字形線路，使列車能夠順利通過，而青龍橋車站就是這“之”字形線路的中間一段。這兩項工程是京張鐵路的關(guān)鍵工程。現(xiàn)在的青龍橋火車站還基本保留著100年前的原貌，其主要建筑還是原帶有上世紀(jì)西洋風(fēng)格的老候車室，車站旁豎立有一尊詹天佑全身銅像，為1919年詹天佑逝世后中華工程師學(xué)會所立；銅像的后邊拾級而上，是呈站臺狀的詹天佑墓，建于1982年，是由鐵道部等單位從北京海淀遷移至此的。京張鐵

7、路通車后，所有的列車在通過“之”字形線路時，都要在青龍橋站做技術(shù)性?？?，車站每天要接送幾十對列車。解放后，國家為避開京張鐵路青龍橋一段的大坡道，修建了豐沙線鐵路，特別是70年代豐沙二線的建成通車，從京張鐵路分流走了大部分列車。近年來，隨著列車的加大編組和提速，現(xiàn)從北京西客站開出的列車都改走了豐沙線。青龍橋火車站全年的客流已從80年代的10多萬人減少到只有幾千人。但由北京前往呼和浩特、包頭等方向的列車和前往莫斯科的國際列車仍需此站做技術(shù)性停留?！爸弊中尉€路也仍在使用中。“人”字型路線這是中國人自己設(shè)計、施工的第一條鐵路，它永遠(yuǎn)和一個人的名字聯(lián)系在一起詹天佑。京張鐵路的最大難點在于八達(dá)嶺段的坡道

8、，100年前是早期的蒸汽機車時代，以當(dāng)時的機車功率，不可能把列車送上八達(dá)嶺。英國、美國、德國等外國工程師此時正在暗中看中國人的笑話，因為他們沒有拿到京張鐵路的修建權(quán)，已經(jīng)放出話來：不要找我們解決。詹天佑跑遍了八達(dá)嶺周圍的所有地形，最后做出一個大膽而巧妙的設(shè)計，即采用“人”字型路線：1、列車從三堡車站（a點）出發(fā)，進入坡道相對較小的青龍橋車站（b點）。2、在青龍橋變車尾為車頭，倒開上八達(dá)嶺（c點）。3、由于b、c兩點的坡度小于a、c間的坡度，列車可以很容易地通過八達(dá)嶺。這一招兒折服了所有鐵路專家，他們不得不佩服中國人的聰明才智。詹天佑與京張鐵路的故事被寫進了世界鐵路史和小學(xué)語文教科書。青龍老嶺（

9、現(xiàn)稱祖山）長城烽火臺青龍老嶺（現(xiàn)稱祖山）長城烽火臺 civil engineering is the planning, design, and building of roads, bridges, harbours, and public buildings open a new chapter: to make a new achievement turn over a new leaf: to start afresh; to have a new beginning. annal: record in memory of, erect: the monument to peoples

10、 heroes was erected in memory of the soldiers died in the battles. juyongguan pass now there is a highway and railway running through it.cloud terracesculptures on the cloud terracea review of part ii 1 who is zhan tianyou? what did he do? 2 whats special with the juyongguan pass and whats it built

11、for? 3 there is a very beautiful structure in this pass, what is it and whats special with it?part iii: climbing the wallhorses abreastlayers of brickscrane cable carrierrock slabbattlementparapetwatchtowerparapetbeacon tower / signal towera review of part iii 1 how high and how wide is the ming great wall in average? 2 how long and how heavy are some of the slabs of rocks? 3 how were the earth, bricks and slabs carried up when it was built and how many bricks and rocks