英—11暑—1—定語(yǔ)從句1—學(xué)生版—劉璐

1、專(zhuān)業(yè) 引領(lǐng) 共成長(zhǎng) 高三英語(yǔ)暑假班（學(xué)生版）教師日期學(xué)生課程編號(hào)課型復(fù)習(xí) 課題定語(yǔ)從句（一）- 限制性定語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)目標(biāo)幫助學(xué)生了解限制性定語(yǔ)從句的類(lèi)型，準(zhǔn)確掌握限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法，加強(qiáng)各題型中定語(yǔ)從句的識(shí)別與綜合運(yùn)用。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)幫助學(xué)生掌握定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞的準(zhǔn)確使用。教學(xué)安排版塊時(shí)長(zhǎng)1詞匯復(fù)習(xí)30分鐘2專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)55分鐘3加油站30分鐘4師生總結(jié)5分鐘5課后作業(yè)40分鐘 . 單詞釋義1.well-dressed 'wel'drest adj. 穿著考究的；穿著入時(shí)的 Someone who is well-dressed is wearing fashionable or eleg

2、ant clothes.例: One day at an airport, a traveler observed a well-dressed businessman yelling at a poster about the porter's handling of his luggage. 有一天，在機(jī)場(chǎng)，一位游客看到一位穿著入時(shí)的商人沖著一個(gè)搬運(yùn)工人大喊大叫，對(duì)搬運(yùn)工處理他的行李的方式大發(fā)脾氣。2.senior 'sin adj. 高級(jí)的，地位較高的；年長(zhǎng)的；年資較深的，資格較老的；成人的（1）The senior people in an organization o

3、r profession have the highest and most important jobs.例: The company's senior managements are going to have to agree to disagree then該公司的高級(jí)管理人員只能各自保留各自的意見(jiàn)了。（2）If someone is senior to you in an organization or profession, they have a higher and more important job than you or they are considered t

4、o be superior to you because they have worked there for longer and have more experience. 例: The position had to be filled by an officer senior to Haig.這個(gè)位置必須由一名只為比黑格高的軍官來(lái)填補(bǔ)。（3）If you take part in a sport at senior level, you take part in competitions with adults and people who have reached a high de

5、gree of achievement in that sport. 例：This will be his fifth international championship and his third at senior level. 這將是他的第五次國(guó)際錦標(biāo)賽，也是他的第三次成人級(jí)別比賽。senior 'sin n. 上司；較年長(zhǎng)者；畢業(yè)班學(xué)生（1）Your seniors are the people who are senior to you.例: He was described by his seniors as a model officer. 他被上級(jí)稱(chēng)為模范軍官。（2）

6、Senior is used when indicating how much older one person is than another. For example, if someone is ten years your senior, they are ten years older than you.例: She became involved with a married man many years her senior. 她與一名比她年長(zhǎng)很多的已婚男子墜入情網(wǎng)。（3）Seniors are students in a high school, university, or

7、college who are in their fourth year of study. 例: The number of high school seniors who go on to college remains unknown.高中畢業(yè)班上大學(xué)的學(xué)生人數(shù)仍未可知。（4）A senior is the same as an old people.例: Tickets at the gate are $10, $7 for seniors (age 55 and up). 門(mén)票價(jià)格為$10，老年人(55歲及以上)為$7。3.prefer pri'f: vt. 更喜歡；寧愿；提

8、出；提升 If you prefer someone or something, you like that person or thing better than another, and so you are more likely to choose them if there is a choice. 例: Does he prefer a particular sort of music? 他更喜歡某種特別的音樂(lè)嗎？prefer pri'f: vi. 喜歡；愿意 例：We'll go to the Great Wall, if you prefer. 你如果愿意的話，

9、我們?nèi)ラL(zhǎng)城。拓展：（常用詞組）（1）prefer A to B例: I prefer the original book to the revised edition. 我覺(jué)得原書(shū)比修訂本好.（2）prefer doing A to doing B例: Even on holidays Mr. Wang preferred reading to doing nothing. 即使在假日,王先生寧愿讀書(shū)而不愿閑著.（3）prefer to do sth.例: They prefer to spend the rest of the morning wandering in the streets

10、. 他們比較喜歡把早上剩下的時(shí)間都用來(lái)在街上閑逛.（4）prefer doing sth.例: So you prefer speaking without referring to your notes? 這么說(shuō),你更喜歡不看稿子做報(bào)告了?（5）prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.例: These workers preferred to work extra hours at night rather than leave the work until the next week. 這些工人寧愿加班干,也不愿把工作留到下一個(gè)星期.（6）prefer s

11、b. to do sth.例:I prefer you to spare some time to come to our art exhibition next week. 我寧愿你們下星期抽出點(diǎn)時(shí)間來(lái)看看我們的美展.4.communicate k'mjunket vt. 通訊，傳達(dá)；相通；交流；感染 (munication)（1）If you communicate with someone, you share or exchange information with them, for example by speaking, writing, or using equipme

12、nt. You can also say that two people communicate.例: Officials of the CIA depend heavily on e-mail to communicate with each other. 中情局的官員們很大程度上靠電子郵件相互交流。（2）If you communicate information, a feeling, or an idea to someone, you let them know about it.例: They successfully communicate their knowledge to

13、others. 他們成功地把他們的知識(shí)傳達(dá)給別人。5. impression m'pre()n n. 印象；效果，影響；壓痕，印記；感想Your impression of a person or thing is what you think they are like, usually after having seen or heard them. Your impression of a situation is what you think is going on.例： What were your first impressions of college? 你對(duì)大學(xué)的第一印

14、象是什么？ 拓展：(1) sth leaves （或make）an adj. impression on sb. 某事給某人留下深刻印象例：My visit to India in 1986 left an indelible impression on me. 1986年的印度之行給我留下了難忘的印象。(2) create an impression of 營(yíng)造一種印象 例：The choice was meant to create an impression of party unity. 這個(gè)選擇意在給人一種黨內(nèi)團(tuán)結(jié)的印象。(3) There was a general impress

15、ion that 普遍的感覺(jué)是例：There was a general impression that tomorrow meant a fresh start. 普遍的感覺(jué)是明天意味著一個(gè)新的開(kāi)始。6.impress mpres vt. 使欽佩；使銘記在心；給予某人深刻印象（1）If something impresses you, you feel great admiration for it. 使欽佩 例：What impressed him most was their speed. 最令他欽佩的是他們的速度。I was very impressed by one young ma

16、n at my lectures. 來(lái)上我課的一個(gè)年輕人讓我很欽佩。（2）If something impresses itself on your mind, you notice and remember it. 使銘記在心 例: But this change has not yet impressed itself on the minds of the public. 但是這種變化仍沒(méi)有使公眾對(duì)此銘記在心。（3）If someone or something impresses you as a particular thing, usually a good one, they g

17、ive you the impression of being that thing. 使留下印象 例: It didn't impress me as a good place to live. 那地方?jīng)]有給我留下適合居住的印象。She did not impress me at all. 她沒(méi)給我留下絲毫印象。（4）If you impress something on someone, you make them understand its importance or degree. 使明白 例: I've impressed upon them the need fo

18、r more professionalism. 我已讓他們明白更高專(zhuān)業(yè)性的需要。7.remark rm:k n.評(píng)論，談?wù)摚岬剑?）If you make a remark about something, you say something about it. 議論，評(píng)論，意見(jiàn) 例: Geoff Cooke's recent remark that no one is indispensable will certainly not have escaped him.杰夫·庫(kù)克近來(lái)關(guān)于沒(méi)有什么人是不可缺少的那番話當(dāng)然也包括他。（2）提到，說(shuō)到例: I remarked t

19、hat I would go shopping that afternoon. 我說(shuō)過(guò)那天下午我要去買(mǎi)東西。remark rm:k vt.& vi. 評(píng)論;話語(yǔ)（1）Words 話語(yǔ)例: One of the apprentices made an insulting remark to a passing officer.其中一名學(xué)徒對(duì)著一名路過(guò)的警官說(shuō)了一句侮辱他的話。（2）評(píng)論例：I feel the remark was inappropriate for such a serious issue.我認(rèn)為對(duì)如此嚴(yán)肅的問(wèn)題來(lái)說(shuō)，該評(píng)論不合時(shí)宜。 拓展： remark on 說(shuō)到，

20、談到，評(píng)論，議論 例: On several occasions she had remarked on the boy's improvement.她好幾次提及這個(gè)男孩的進(jìn)步。Everyone has remarked on what a lovely lady she is.每個(gè)人都說(shuō)她是個(gè)可愛(ài)的女士。8.remind r'mand vt. 提醒；使想起（1） If someone reminds you of a fact or event that you already know about, they say something which makes you th

21、ink about it. 使記起; 使想起 例：So she simply welcomed Tim and reminded him of the last time they had met. 因此她只是歡迎了蒂姆，讓他想起他們上次的相遇。（2）If someone reminds you to do a particular thing, they say something which makes you remember to do it. 提醒 例：Can you remind me to buy a bottle of wine? 你能提醒我買(mǎi)一瓶葡萄酒嗎？. Exercise

22、s（1）Choose the right answers.1. I got an A this term, so my teacher was_.A. impressed B. impressing C. impress D. impression2. The soldier _ die rather than _ before the enemy. A. prefered to, give in B. preferred, giving in C. preferred to, give in D. preferred to, giving in3. I am afraid I should_

23、you of your promise.A.remind B.remember C.release D.record4. He has _ his wishes to me.A.delivery B.communicate C. conveyance D.record5. The man gave a _ me.A.glance B.glance at C. glance to D.glancing（2）Translation. 中翻英（1）你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與周?chē)娜诉M(jìn)行有效的交流。（communication）（2）人們一個(gè)又一個(gè)地從他身邊經(jīng)過(guò)，幾乎全都是衣冠楚楚，神情冷漠。（well-dr

24、essed）（3）為了避免路上交通擁擠，有些人寧可夜間驅(qū)車(chē)遠(yuǎn)行，白天休息。(prefer to)（4）雖然只是一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)面試，我不得不提醒學(xué)生們，基本的面試禮儀是不可缺少的。（remind）（5） 回顧這些最基本的建議，你絕對(duì)會(huì)給你的同事、客戶(hù)和老板留下良好的印象。（impress）.定語(yǔ)從句思維導(dǎo)圖 概念 限制性定語(yǔ)從句 分類(lèi) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 先行詞定語(yǔ)從句 兩要素 _ 關(guān)系詞 _ 指物時(shí)關(guān)系代詞that/which區(qū)別 重要考點(diǎn) 介詞+關(guān)系代詞 抽象化的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)名詞 .定語(yǔ)從句概念及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)1. 概念：在復(fù)合句中，用一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的陳述句修飾某一個(gè) 或 的句子叫做定 語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾

25、的詞叫_，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫_。定語(yǔ)從句的位置一般是緊跟在被修飾的名詞、代詞的后面。在被修飾的名詞、代詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間往往有一個(gè)關(guān)系詞將其前后兩部分聯(lián)系成一個(gè)整體，從結(jié)構(gòu)上說(shuō)，關(guān)系詞與從句是一個(gè)整體。2. 相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)： （1）定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后（2）先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞（因?yàn)樗跋取庇诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)） （3）關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞（分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩種）（4）限制性定語(yǔ)從句（缺了定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞會(huì)變得游離不定或所指不明）（5）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句（缺之不會(huì)影響到先行詞的指代，有之則信息更多）III限制性定語(yǔ)

26、從句1. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞 - 關(guān)系代詞 先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任的成分關(guān)系詞語(yǔ)人主1. 人賓2. 物主3. 物賓4. 人，物主/賓5. 人，物定語(yǔ)6. 人，物表語(yǔ)7. 練習(xí)： 用限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞填空（1.） The girl I met is so beautiful.（2.） A rocket is a machine _can fly into the space.（3.） This is the place I visited last year.（4.） This is a book tells about China.（5.） The book you lent me las

27、t week is interesting.（6.） The room door is red is mine.2. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞的用法區(qū)別（1.）who, whose, whom 引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句<1>who，whom的區(qū)別 它們的先行詞都是人，who在從句中用作主語(yǔ)，whom在從句中用作賓語(yǔ)。who通常在非正式情況下可以替換whom。但在以下情況中who不可以替代whom。who, whom在從句中，不跟在介詞后做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略。例如: He is one of the greatest singers for _ Mr. Zhang writes lyrics

28、. 總結(jié)：在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，_,who不可以代替whom做賓語(yǔ)。且，此時(shí)的whom不可以省略。 （2.） who, whom和whose的區(qū)別 who與whom在從句中做_和_，而whose在從句中做_。 who與whom的先行詞只能是_,而whose _ 。 練習(xí)： <1> The house _ roof was destroyed in the terrible fire has been repaired. A. whose B. who C. whom <2>_ speech we heard in the radio broadcast is an ad

29、vanced worker. A. whose B. the one whose C. whom（3.）who, whom, that的區(qū)別 who與that在從句中做_和_ 。 who與that在從句中都不可以跟介詞后替代whom做_。 who與whom的先行詞只能是_,而that _ 。先行詞是those，且只指代人時(shí)，不用_,只用_。 練習(xí)： <1> I remember the factory and workers _ we visit last year. A. who B. whom C. that（4.）which，that區(qū)別 which做限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞

30、，先行詞只能是_,而that_。 which 和that 都可以在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中指代物，并在從句中做_和_。 不跟在介詞后做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。 但當(dāng)which用在介詞后做介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用that替換。 在下面情況下，只能用that。 <1.> 先行詞是不定代詞_等不定代詞。 <2.>先行詞被序數(shù)詞或者形容詞最高級(jí)修飾。 <3.> 先行詞all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修飾。 <4.> 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last 等修飾。 <

31、5.> 先行詞既有人也有物。 <6.>當(dāng)句中已經(jīng)有wh開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)（5.）which, that, whose的區(qū)別在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，which， that在從句中做_和_ 。whose在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，即可指人也可指物，指物時(shí)，等于of which The house whose roof was destroyed in the terrible fire has been repaired.= The house_ was destroyed in the terrible fire has been repaired.（6.）介詞 + which 和

32、whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句如果which和whom在定語(yǔ)從句中原為介詞的賓語(yǔ)，那么介詞可以提到從句前，構(gòu)成介詞+which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，which指物，whom指認(rèn)。介詞根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)搭配或者語(yǔ)義來(lái)確定。練習(xí)：<1.> The girl _ you spoke is my sister.<2.>There are scientific ways _ man solves problems.<3.> Id like to join the tennis club _ my friend belongs.<4.>He is the boy _ I

33、went swimming yesterday.Tips：若含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞屬于固定搭配，一般不拆開(kāi)把介詞前置。例如：The babies whom/who the nurses are looking after are very health.（7.）as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句 as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中做_,_,_,可以指人，也可以指物。構(gòu)成 the sameas，suchas等結(jié)構(gòu)。 例如： Such people as were recommended by him were reliable. Such people as I have read are classical

34、 works. Id like to use the same tool as is used here. Tips: 注意區(qū)別 suchas與suchthat。 觀察下面兩個(gè)句子總結(jié)suchas與suchthat的區(qū)別 They talked in such simple English as children could understand. They talked in such simple English that children could understand them. 總結(jié)：_ Tips: 注意區(qū)別 the sameas與the samethat。 This is the

35、 same book as I read last week. This is the same book that I read last week.3. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞 - 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。when 指時(shí)間 = in / at / on / during which, where指地點(diǎn) = in / at / from / which, why指原因 = for which例如： There are occasions whe

36、n (on which)one must yield. Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born. Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer? 注意：在從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整的前提下，抽象名詞（situation, condition, point, case, environment, circumstance, advantage, system, development等）后用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。His technique developed to the point wher

37、e he can repair many electrically powered machines.We should create an environment where human beings and animals live in harmony.注意：關(guān)系副詞中的一些特殊地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間名詞。 具體的地點(diǎn)名詞后可以接where從句，但其他如case, point, situation, condition, job等表示“情況，方面”的名詞也同樣加where從句，這種用法源于“in this case, at this point, in this situation, under t

38、he condition”等短語(yǔ)。具體的時(shí)間名詞后可接when從句，但如果先行詞為occasion，同樣也加when從句。例如：1. There are many cases _this rule does not hold good. 2. He had to face the conditions _ pressure was heavy.3. I will show you the point _ you fail.4. This is a job _ you can learn something.5. He left his hometown in 2002 _ he has nev

39、er come back.6. People may come across the occasion _they want to say something but forget what they are going to say.4. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句中如何判斷使用關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞方法一：用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須用關(guān)系代詞，而不及物動(dòng)詞則要用關(guān)系副詞。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過(guò)的山村。 I'll never forget t

40、he days when I worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。 判斷改錯(cuò)： 1.This is the mountain village where I visited last year. 2.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 3.This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year. 4.I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the coun

41、tryside. 方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也有助于選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on whichD. the one 3. This is the reason_ he gave us for carrying out the plan. A. b

42、ecause B. why C. how D. / 4. This is the reason_ I caught a bad cold. A. because B. why C. how D. / 5. 定語(yǔ)從句中that與名詞性從句中that比較通過(guò)下面兩個(gè)句子，總結(jié)that在定從與名從中的不同。That the earth goes round the sun is well known.The book that interested me was bought by my father.總結(jié)：_6. the way 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法<1.>the way 在從句中用來(lái)代

43、替in the way, in which時(shí)，the way經(jīng)常起連接詞作用，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例如：I fixed things the way (=as) he wanted. What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. <2.>the way 做先行詞，后+定語(yǔ)從句修飾the way，有三種形式。This is the way that/in which或/ he did it. 選擇正確關(guān)系詞 1.His parents wouldn't let h

44、im marry anyone _ family was poor.  2.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person _ she could turn for help. 3.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. 4.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _

45、stands the famous tower. 5.I don't like the way _ you speak to her.  6.She is the only person _ supports me at the meeting. 7.I still remember the day_ I met Professor Smith. 8.Such people _ were recommended by him were reliable. 9.How can they teach manag

46、ers what they need to know at the point _ they need to know it ? . 選擇題1. The school _I visited last year was not the one _I once worked.A. which; where B. which; which C. where; which D. where; where2. Do you know that girl_ wearing a red dress?A. whose B. who C. whom D. whos3. The reason _Im writin

47、g to you is to tell you about a partly on Saturday.A. because B. why C. for D. which4. You may borrow any book_.A. that you interest B. which you are interested C. that interests you D.which interests you5. The film is set in the period_ the divided between rich and poor was greater than it is now.A

48、. where B. when C. which D. why6. Do you remember the day_ I came to you to borrow a dictionary? A.in which B. which C. when D. where7. She still remembers the days _ she spent in the countryside. A.while B. that C. when D. during which8. When people talk about the cities of the U.S, the first _ comes into mind is New York.A. city B. of them C. one D. that9. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough.A. th