中考英語定語從句的用法(含答案)

1、定語從句的用法定語從句 : 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語，所以叫作定語從句。先行詞：定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞， 分為關(guān)系代詞 （ who, whom, that, which, whose ）和關(guān)系副詞 （where,when, why, )。復(fù)合句 ：The man who (that) came is Mike. 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞Li Ming is the onethat got full marks in our class.先行詞 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 Which的用法 : 若先行詞指物則代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語This is

2、the pen 先行詞This is the pen 先行詞which was given by my friend. 指物代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語 which my friend gave to me. 指物代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語二 關(guān)系代詞 Who 的用法 : 若先行詞指人則代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語（ 如果前面帶介詞則必須用 whom）The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother.先行詞 指人代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語The man whowhom he wanted to see last week is

3、 in Shanghai.先行詞 指人代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語She is the girl with whom I went there.先行詞 指人代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)介賓且介詞于前 .三 關(guān)系代詞 Whom 的用法 : 若先行詞指人則代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語（ 包括介詞的賓語） , 與 who 的區(qū)別是如果前面帶介詞則必須用whomThis is the teacher whom/who we like best.先行詞 指人代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語She is the girl whom/ who I went with there. 先行詞 指人代替先行詞在定

4、語從句中充當(dāng)介賓 .I don ' t like the boy to whom you are talking.先行詞 指人代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)介賓且介詞于前 .四 關(guān)系代詞 that 的用法 : 若先行詞指人或物則代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語The animal that which is lost is a panda.先行詞 指物代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語The mooncakes that mother cooked taste nice.先行詞 指物代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語Who is the man that is reading a newspa

5、per there?先行詞 指人代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語She is the person that who we are worried about.先行詞 指人代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語 注：在從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞一般可放在whom ， which 之前（不可放在 that 之前），也可放在原來的位置上。在含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中的介詞則只能放在原來的位置上。如：The man from whom I borrowed an umbrella is a friend of mine.= The man whom I borrowed an umbrella from is a

6、 friend of mine.The girl whom (who) I am looking for is my sister. (look for是固定詞組， for 不可放在 whom 之前 )注意 1 that /which 在代物時(shí)常常可以通用 ,但有時(shí)只宜于 用 which , 不用 that(1) 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí) .This is the hotel in which you will stay.(2) 如有兩個(gè)定語從句 ,其中一句的關(guān)系代詞是 that, 另一句宜于用 which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from

7、 the liberary which was newly open ( 新開放 ) to us. 注意 2 that/which 在代物時(shí)常常可以通用 ,但有時(shí)只宜于 用 that , 不用 which.(1) 先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或者它的前面有形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)This is the best that has been used against air pollution( 反對(duì)空氣污染 ) in cities.English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.(2) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞 ,或

8、它的前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞時(shí)He is the last person that I want to see.(3) 主句中已有疑問詞時(shí)Which is the bike that you lost?(4) 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)The bike and its rider that had run over ( 撞倒了 )an old man were taken to the police station.(5) 先行詞是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 等代詞時(shí) You shou

9、ld hand in all that you have.We haven ' t got much that we can offer you.I mean the one that you talked about just now.(6) 先行詞前面有 only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, the same, the very 等詞修飾時(shí) The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.Li Ming is the only one that got full marks

10、( 滿分 )in our class.Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.(7) 有兩個(gè)定語從句 ,其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用 which, 另外一個(gè)宜用 thatEdison built up a factory( 辦了一個(gè)工廠 ) which produced things that had never been seen before.五 關(guān)系副詞 Where 的用法 : 若先行詞指地點(diǎn)且其在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語 .This is the house I was born in the ho

11、use. (=I was born there) 介詞短語 副詞=This is the housewhere I was born. 這就是我在那兒出生的房子 .先行詞 關(guān)系副詞in which I was born. 介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 which I was born in.關(guān)系代詞這里作介賓的 which 和 that 可以省略 that I was born in 關(guān)系代詞 .六 關(guān)系副詞 When 的用法 : 若先行詞指時(shí)間且其在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語 .He came at a time +we needed help at a time.介詞短語=He came at a tim

12、e when we needed help關(guān)系副詞at which we needed help 介詞 +關(guān)系代詞which we needed help at 關(guān)系代詞 這里的作介賓的 which 和 that 可以省略 that we needed help at七 關(guān)系副詞why的用法：在定語從句中只要先行詞是 the reason,它的關(guān)系副詞就是why。如： The reason why I am calling you is to invite you to the party.練 習(xí)（含答案）1. This is the bag my mother bought yesterda

13、y.A. thatB. whoC. whomD. this2. The man lives next to us is my English teacher.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. /3. The girl you saw in the street is Mary.A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. as4. Is this the factory a lot of students visited yesterday?A. the oneB. whichC. whoD. whom5. Is this factory a lot of students

14、 visited yesterday?A. the oneB. thatC. whichD. /6. The only language is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A. whichB. thatC. /D. it7. The girl handed everything she had picked up in the street to the police.A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. all8. cleans the blackboard should be praised.A. ThatB. WhoC. Th

15、e one whoD. The students who9. Please show me the book you bought yesterday.A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. this10. This is the best book I have been looking for all this year.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /11. This is the only article of these that written by him.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are12. The man was here ju

16、st now is a doctor.A. whomB. whoC. /D. he13. The boy has two lovely dogs.A. who live next doorB. which lives next doorC. whom lives next doorD. that lives next door14. ThoseA. whichmade no mistakes please raise your hands. C. thatB. whom15. DonA. /, toB. that, /16. He is the most careful boy A. what

17、B. which17. This is the school Mr. Smith once taught.B. whenC. where, toI know.C. asA. in thatC. where18. Have you visited the house the famous scientist was born?A. whereB. in thatC. that19. The factory Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.A. whenB. whereC. that20. Do you still remember the day

18、 we first met?A. thatB. whenC. whatD. whoD. which, thereD. /D. thereD. whichD. whichD. on that21. The timewe studied together is not easily forgotte n.D. i n whichD. i n whichD. i n whichD. whatD. the oneA. whe nB. thatC. where22. October 1,1949 is the dayweA. whe nB. thatC. where23. October 1,1949

19、was the daythe PRC was foun ded.A. whichB. whe nC. where24. Is this the shopsells childre nA. whichB. whereC. i n which25. Is this museumthey visited last mon th?A. thatB. whichC. where26. I still remember the sitti ng-roommy mother and I used to sit i n the eve ning.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where27

20、. The film brought the hours back to meI was take n good care of in that far-away village.A. un tilB. thatC. whe nD. where28. Joh n said he'd bee n work ing in the office for an hour,was true.A. he B. this C. which D. who29. I should n ever forget those yearsI lived in the country with the farme

21、rs, has a great effect onmy life.A. that; whichB. whe n; whichC. which; thatD. whe n; who30. is known to all, Chi na will be anpowerful country in 20 or 30 years' time.A. That; adva ncing B. This; adva ncdC. As; adva ncd D. It; adva ncing改錯(cuò)題1 This is the village for which you are look ing.2 I &#

22、39; ve read all the books which were borrowed from the library.3 He talked happily about the men and books which interested him greatly in the school.4 Everyth ing which can be done has bee n done.5 Who has seen the TV films doesn' t admire it?6 I don ' t like the way which you laugh at her.

23、7 Those that want to go there will wait at the gate of the school.8 This is Mr. Smith, whom I think has something interesting to tell you.9 Anyone that was late for class should be criticized.10 Is this factory which we visited last year?11 This is one of the best books that has ever been written12

24、Don ' t talk about such things that you don' t understand.13 She bought the same dress that I' m wearing.14 Our hometow n is not the country which it was.15 Which is known to all, paper was first made in China.16 There lived an old man that was kind to others. 15 A C A B A 610 B C C A D

25、1115 C B D D A 1620 D C A B B 2126 A B B A D D 27-30CCBC 答案與分析：I for which you are looking which you are looking for.分析： whom, which 做介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞一般可放在 whom, which 之前，也可放在從句原來的位 置上，但在含有介詞的固定詞組中介詞只能放在原來的位置上，因?yàn)橐崎_介詞就失去了這一詞組的 意義。2 which tthat分析：當(dāng)先行詞前有 the only, the very, few, little, just, right, any, all,

26、one 以及形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞 來修飾時(shí)只能用關(guān)系代詞 that.3 which t that分析：先行詞既有人也有物時(shí)，只用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。4 which t that分析： 先行詞是不定代詞如 some, all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none 等， 只用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。5 第二個(gè) who t that分析：主句中有 who, whom, which 時(shí)，只用 that 引導(dǎo)定語從句。6 which t in which / that分析：the way指方式，常用代詞that替代in

27、 which結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)定語從句，that也可省略，注意下 面句子結(jié)構(gòu)！This is the way that he did it.= This is the way in which he did it.= This is the way he did it.= This is how he did it.7 that t who分析：先行詞those指人時(shí)只用 Who,指物時(shí)只用that8 whom t who分析：在這個(gè)非限制性定語從句中，把I think省略不看，可知has前缺少主語。9 that t who分析：先行詞是 one, anyone, no one, all, nobody

28、, anybody, none 指人時(shí)只用 who 引導(dǎo)定語從句。10 which t the one (that)分析：此句缺少表語 the one,注意下面句子的變化！1) This factory is the one (that) we visited last year.tIs this factory the one (that) we visited last year?2) This is the factory (that/which) we visited last year. t Is this the factory (that/which) we visited last year?II has t have分析：在one of the best books結(jié)構(gòu)中，books做先行詞，關(guān)系代詞也應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)，因此從句中的謂 語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但是先行詞是 the (only/very) one of the + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)， the only one 是先行詞，關(guān)系 代詞是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。比較： Tom is one of the boys wh