連詞的用法與練習(xí)

1、 連詞的用法一、概說連詞，是一種虛詞，不能擔(dān)任一個(gè)句子成分，但可以起連接的作用，即連接詞與詞或句與句。如：We may be leaving today or tomorrow.  我們可能今天或明天走。（連接詞與詞）Now I must go or I shall be late for the party.  我現(xiàn)在得走，否則晚會(huì)我就要遲到了。（連接句與句）主要是包括并列連詞和從屬連詞。在句子中，連詞起連接詞與詞、短語與短語及句子和句子的作用。它本身在句子里不單獨(dú)做句子成分。并列連詞：是用來連接語法地位相同的結(jié)構(gòu)、相同的單詞、短語及句子。并列連詞有：and, but,

2、or, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both.and, not only.but also, either.or, neither.nor, still, 從屬連詞：用來引導(dǎo)狀語從句。從屬連詞有：after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless, lest, because, than, that, whether, so that, in order that, as if, as though, although, suppose that, provided, t

3、hat, as.as, now that, such.that, in case that, on condition that二、連詞的種類連詞有兩類：1）從屬連詞：引導(dǎo)從句。隨著從句作用不同，它們又可分為幾類：從句種類主要從屬連詞時(shí)間從句when while as before after until till whenever條件從句if unless supposing provided(ing) suppose目的從句in order that so that that so lest結(jié)果從句sothat suchthat so that so原因從句because as since

4、讓步從句although though even though(if) while方式從句as like the way as if as though地點(diǎn)從句where wherever比較從句than as此外還有 that, whether 等從屬連詞可引導(dǎo)名詞從句，在句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語等。2）并列連詞：連接兩個(gè)互不依從的次、短語或分句：Slow but sure.  要慢而穩(wěn)。（連接單詞）Shell be back either this week or next week.  她將在這周或下周回來。（連接短語）I went and she went also.&#

5、160; 我去了，她也去了。（連接分句）并列連詞有下面幾類：表示意思轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but yet however nevertheless表示因果關(guān)系的連詞for so therefore hence 其他并列連詞and or eitheror neithernor not onlybut also bothand as well as三、從屬連詞1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞這類連詞主要有：when:Dont get excited when you talk.  講話時(shí)別激動(dòng)。When he got up he felt dizzy.  他站起身時(shí)感到頭暈。while:We

6、must strike while the iron is hot.  我們要趁熱打鐵。While she ate she grew more restless.  她一邊吃一邊變得更加忐忑不安。as:As he spoke two men came up.  在他講話時(shí)兩個(gè)人走了進(jìn)來。He smiled as he passed.  他經(jīng)過時(shí)笑了笑。before:Look before you leap.  三思而后行。It will be five years before we meet again.  要五年后咱們才能再相見。

7、after:I arrived after he had left.  在他走后我到了。Ill tell them after you have left.  你走后我在告訴他們。until, till :Ill take no steps until you arrive.  你來之前我不會(huì)采取什么行動(dòng)。I propose waiting till the police get here.  我建議等警察來了再說。since:How long is it since you came to London?  你到倫敦有多久了？It was y

8、ears since I had seen her.  我有好多年沒見到她了。whenever:I go and visit him whenever Im in town.  我每次進(jìn)城都去看他。Whenever possible, they play outside.  一有機(jī)會(huì)他們就到外面玩耍。2. 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞1）條件狀語從句主要由if, unless, supposing(suppose)引導(dǎo)：if:I must leave if thats the case.  如果情況如此我就得走了。He will come if asked.

9、如果邀請(qǐng)的話他會(huì)來的。unless:I wont write unless he writes first.  我不寫信，除非他先給我寫。Ill go there tomorrow unless it rains.  除非下雨，否則我明天去那里。supposing: Supposing that he asks you, will you go?  假定他請(qǐng)你去，你會(huì)去嗎？Supposing his plan goes wrong, what will you do then?  如果他的計(jì)劃出了問題，我們?cè)趺崔k？suppose:Suppose she

10、finds out, what shall we do then?  假如她發(fā)現(xiàn)了，我們?cè)趺崔k？Suppose you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do?  假定你明天失業(yè)，你怎么辦？provided:I will agree to go provided(providing) (that) my expenses are paid. 如果有人給我掏路費(fèi)我將同意去。 She agreed to go and work there provided that her family could go with her. prov

11、iding:Ill dry the dishes, providing that you do the washing-up. 如果你刷盤子，我就將它們擦干。2）條件狀語從句還有其他形式：You will always have a home as long as I have anything. 只要我有家產(chǎn)，你就永遠(yuǎn)會(huì)有一個(gè)家。Theyll stand by you even if you dont succeed. 即使你不成功，他們也會(huì)支持你。此外，as long as, so long as, in case, even if 都起連詞作用。3. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞引導(dǎo)目的的狀語

12、從句的連詞主要有下面這些：in order that:He left early in order that his children would not be alone in the house.他早早動(dòng)身，以免孩子們單獨(dú)待在家里。I lent him 50 in order(so )that he might go for a holiday. 我借給他50英鎊，使他能去渡假。so that: Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them.讓她快點(diǎn)把信打好，以便我能簽字。Please interpret this

13、 Chinese womans remarks so that I can understand them.請(qǐng)翻譯一下這位中國(guó)婦女的話以便我能聽動(dòng)。so: Cant you fix it somehow so you could stay longer?難道你不能作某種安排以便能多待些日子？Ill give him a map so he wont get lost.  我會(huì)給他一張地圖免得他迷路。that:She did it that he might go free.  她這樣做以便他能獲得自由。I am anxious to get done that I may

14、be back in Ireland.   我急于完成此事以便能返回愛爾蘭。lest: He hurried on, lest she should meet him again. 他趕緊往前走，惟恐她再碰到他。He hid the money lest it should be stolen. 他把錢藏起來惟恐別人偷去4. 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞1）結(jié)果狀語從句主要由sothat和suchthat 引導(dǎo)：sothat:He was so young that you must excuse him.  他那樣年輕，你得原諒他。He was so fat that

15、 he couldnt get though the door.  他胖得連門都過不去了。suchthat:Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.吉姆吵成那樣，他姐姐讓他安靜點(diǎn)。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.他關(guān)窗時(shí)那樣使勁，連玻璃都震碎了。They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house.他們的狗那樣兇，誰也不敢走近他們家。that 有時(shí)

16、可以省略，特別是在口語中。5. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞1）引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞主要有because, as, since:because:Because it was wet he took a taxi.  由于下雨他叫了一輛出租車。He was worried because he hadnt had any letter from her.他很擔(dān)憂因?yàn)樗麤]收到過她一封信。as:As David had a passion for walking, we started off on foot.  由于大衛(wèi)喜歡走路，我們就步行出發(fā)了。As youre sorry, I

17、ll forgive you.  既然你悔悟了，我就原諒你。2）還有一些表示原因的狀語從句由seeing（that）,considering(that)或now that等引導(dǎo)：Please dont try to back out now that everything has been arranged.現(xiàn)在一切都安排好了，請(qǐng)不要打退堂鼓。Now youre here, you may make yourself useful.  你已經(jīng)來了，不妨幫幫忙。3）許多用在形容詞后的that從句也起原因狀語的作用（that 有時(shí)可省略）：She was glad that s

18、he had controlled herself. 她很高興控制住了自己。Im disappointed that they cannot come.  他們不能來我很失望。6.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有下面這些：although:I didnt know that then, although I learned it later.那時(shí)我并不知道這事，盡管后來我知道了。Hes very lovable although not at all tidy.  他很可愛，雖說我一點(diǎn)都不整潔。though:Though not large, the room was ligh

19、t and airy.  房間雖然不大，采光和通風(fēng)卻很好。The girl, though plain, had a kind face. 這姑娘雖然相貌平庸，卻有一張善良的臉。even if:I wouldnt do it, even if you paid me a thousand pounds.  即使你付我一千英鎊，我也不干。Im going to expose him even if hes brother of mine.盡管他是我的兄弟，我也要揭露他。7. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的連詞1） 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的連詞主要有 as ,like, as if, as th

20、ough, however:as:You ought to do as I tell you. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)照我說的做。When at Rome, do as the Romans do.  入境隨俗。like: She cant draw like her sister can. 她不能象她姐姐那樣畫畫。Do it like I tell you.  照我告訴你的那樣做。as if:He paused as if expecting her to speak.  他停了停，像是在期待她說話。He glanced about as if in search of som

21、ething. 他四處看了看，仿佛在找什么似的。as though:He shivered about as though with cold.  他顫抖了一下，好象受了寒氣一樣。When she had finished she waited as though for a reply.她講完之后等了等，像是在等候回答。however:Arrange your hours however you like.  你的時(shí)間你可以隨意安排。You may use it however you like.  你可以隨意使用它。In ones own home one c

22、an act however he wishes.  在家里你愿干什么就干什么。2）the way He doesnt speak the way I do.  他不像我這樣說話。I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them.  他們從不讓我按自己的意愿行事。8. 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞1）引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞有where, where, everywhere:where:Ill drive you where youre going.  你到哪兒我都可以開車送你去。Pleas

23、e keep sitting where you are.  請(qǐng)仍坐在原處。wherever:Wherever he is hell be thinking of you.   不管他在哪里，他總會(huì)想著你。Well go wherever you say.  你說哪里我們就到哪里。everywhere:Everywhere they appeared there were ovations.  他們所到之處都有人歡呼。Everywhere he went, he was introduced as the current US champion

24、. 不管他到哪里，人們都介紹他是當(dāng)前的美國(guó)冠軍。2）no matter where 也可以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語：Keep your mobile phone with you no matter where you are. 不管在哪里你都要帶著手機(jī)。9. 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞是than和as:than:You sing better than I do.  你的歌唱的比我好。They work harder than we do.  他們比我們勤奮。as:You know as much about that as I do.  對(duì)這事你了解得和

25、我一樣多。Thats not so simple as it sounds.  那事并不像聽起來那么簡(jiǎn)單。10. 引導(dǎo)其他從句的連詞1）引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語的連詞有that和whether, if 可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句：that:She always complains that he is down on her.  她老是抱怨他看不起她。Ill prove to the world that he was right.  我要向全世界證明他是對(duì)的。whether:I dont know whether you like flowers.  我不知道你喜不喜

26、歡花。Ill see whether I can induce him to accept it.  我要看看我能否勸說他接受這東西。if:I wonder if Its large enough.  不知這夠不夠大。He asked if would show him the way.  他問我可否給他帶路。2）that和whether 還可以引導(dǎo)標(biāo)語從句或同位語從句：that:The fact is that he doesnt really try.  事實(shí)是他沒有真正去努力。The reason was he was afraid. 

27、原因是他害怕。whether:The point is whether we ought to recommend him.  問題是我們是否應(yīng)當(dāng)推薦他。3）that和whether還可以用在形容詞之后：I am certain that I posted the letter.  我肯定這信我發(fā)了He wasnt sure whether he ought to laugh or cry.  他啼笑皆非。四、并列連詞1. 并列連詞and和or1) and 和or 是用得最多的并列連詞，可以連接：a. 兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞：We were singing and dan

28、cing all evening.  整個(gè)晚上我們都在唱歌跳舞。He started to shout and swear.  他開始又喊又罵。b. 名詞、形容詞等：She was sweet and amiable.  她甜美和藹。Would you like fish or beef?  你要魚還是牛肉？c. 兩個(gè)并列的分句（句子）：I said it and I meant it.  我說話算數(shù)。2）and 可連接兩個(gè)分句，表示“只要就”：Utter one word and you are a dead man!  說一句話就

29、要你的命！Give him an inch and he will take a mile.  他會(huì)得寸進(jìn)尺。3）or可連接分句，表示“只要就”：Dont drive so fast or youll have an accident.  別開這么快，不然你會(huì)出車禍。2. 表示意思轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞表示意思轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞主要有but, yet:1) but主要連接2個(gè)并列的分句：All this he did, but it had no effect at all.  這一切他都做了，但一點(diǎn)都不起作用。The weather will be sunny but cold.&

30、#160; 天氣會(huì)晴朗但很冷。He tried to save it, but in vain. 他努力想救活它，但沒用。2）yet 主要連接兩個(gè)分句：They are ugly and expensive, yet people buy them.  他們又丑又貴，但人們還是要買。It is strange, yet true. 這很奇怪，卻是真的。Shes a funny girl, but yet you cant help liking her. 她是個(gè)奇怪的姑娘，但你禁不住會(huì)喜歡她。3）however, nevertheless, still 等為副詞，但可起連接作用，表示

31、意思的轉(zhuǎn)折：however:    His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.他的第一反應(yīng)是不行，但后來他改變了主意。nevertheless:They hadnt trained hard, nevertheless (but) they won.  他們并沒有努力訓(xùn)練，但還是打贏了。 still:Its raining; still Id like to go.   天在下雨，但我還是要去。all the same:She is na

32、ughty, all the same we have to laugh at her jokes.  她很調(diào)皮，但對(duì)她的惡作劇我們還是要發(fā)笑。3. 表示因果的連詞1）for可以表示“因?yàn)椤钡龑?dǎo)的不是從句，而是分句，對(duì)前面情況加以解釋，常用逗號(hào)把它和前面的分句分開，這在書面語中計(jì)較多見（口語中多用because, as , since等）：The days were short, for it was now December.  白天很短，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是十二月。它還可以表示為什么有前面的看法(此時(shí)不能用because, as, since):She must have

33、gone out early, for she had not shown up at breakfast.她肯定一早出去了，因?yàn)樗龥]來吃早飯。2）so 表示結(jié)果，可譯為“因此”、“所以”：Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi. 我們的箱子很重，因此我們坐了出租車。3）therefore 為副詞，也表示同樣的意思，可放句前：He had gone; she therefore gave the money to me.他走了，于是她把錢給了我。4）hence 也是副詞，也表示類似意思，多用在說理性文章中，且多用在分句或句子開頭：My mother is

34、 by herself; hence I must go home now.  我媽一個(gè)人在家，因此我得回去了。 初中英語連詞練習(xí)1. He can speak English_ Chinese.A. but B. also C. so D. and2. Physics is not so easy, _I like it very much.A. but B. or C. since D. because3. Will Tom wait for her at home _ at the library?A. or B. as C. so that D. both4. She has

35、 a son _ a daughter.A. but B. and C. so D. or5. I'll give her the gift _ she arrives.A. so B. before C. as soon as D. since6. Tom was _ill that we had to send for a doctor.A. so B. very C. and D. too7. The woman was_ angry_ she couldn't speak anything.A. neithernor B. eitheror C. bothand D.

36、sothat8. _we got home it was very late.A. When B. While C. Because D. As9. We heard clearly_ she said.A. what B. which C. before D. because10. I can't sleep well at night, _I often feel very tired in the day.A. so B. because C. and D. or11. When you're learning a foreign language, use it, _

37、you will lose it.A. but B. or C. then D. and12. - Can you play football? - Yes, I can, _ I can't play it very well. A. or B. and C. but D. so13. Study hard, _ you will fall behind. A. and B. but C. so D. or14. My favorite is action movie _ I think it's exciting. A. and B. because C. but D. s

38、o15. The boy is very smart, _ many of his classmates like him. A. but B. so C. or D. for16. He has never heard_ seen such a thing before. A. nor B. and C. or D. since17. _ John _I are policemen. A. Neither . nor B. Either . or C. Both . and D. Not only. but also18. Mr Smith teaches _well _ his lesso

39、ns are not easily forgotten. A. very . that B. quite . but C. so . as D. so . that19. He didn't go to sleep _he finished his homework. A. till B. before C. after D. until20. I didn't buy the dictionary yesterday _ my aunt would give me one. A. until B. because C. if D. before21. The runner f

40、ell _ he quickly got up and went on running.A. or B. and C. but D. down22. Wait for me in the room _ I come back. A. until B. and C. so D. or23. I'll return the books to the library _ soon as possible. A. as B. so C. just D. but24. Go along the road, _ you'll find the market at the end of it

41、. A. when B. and C. or D. though25. You'll be late _ you don't get up early tomorrow morning. A. if B. when C. before D. until26. It was late. She washed her face _ went to bed. A. or B. and C. so D. but27.He shouted aloud _he ran alone.A.after B. before C. when D .as28.Please return the boo

42、k to me _you come back.A. as soon as  B. when C. while D. as29.Ring me up_ you come to my house.A. though  B as   C. before  D .then.30. I must stop writing now ,_I have rather a lot of work to do.  A .a  B  .so  C. when  D. since31.The bus didnt lea

43、ve _ everyone get on .A .after  B .while  C .until D. when32.Ill leave a message _ he will know where we are .A .so that  B. as soon as   C. for  D. that33. My sister is _young _he cant go to school .A, too , to  B. enough; to C. so that  D. as ;as34. His brot

44、her got up earlier _ he could catch the bus .   A. as if   B .so  C . so that  D .than35 .It is almost three years _I saw he last .  A .when  B. since C. after  D.  that36.-Im going to the supermarket .-Will you get me some chocolates _you are here ,

45、mum .  A .since  B because  C  if   D . while37 .Mr Green came to China in 2000,_he has lived here ever since.  A . and   B. or   C .but  D. for38 ._ they are brothers , they dont look like each other at all.A, Because  B .Though 

46、  C. When   D, As39 .I know nothing about it _ my brother told me yesterday.A .because B. since   C. until   d. so 40. He failed _ because he isnt clever _ because he didnt work hard.A.not only but also B.both and  C. either or  D.not but41.The teach

47、er wondered why he had _questions.A.  so much  B .so many   C  such much  D . such many42. We were swimming in the lake _suddenly the storm started .A. when   B. while   C until   D . before43. We can_ see _touch the air .A .not only ,but a

48、lso B .both, and  C .either ,or D .neither ,nor44.You can_ stay at home _ go to my hometown with me .A.not ,only   B.either and  C .both or  D. either  or45. We left in _a  hurry _we forgot to lock the door .A.so , so  B.

49、0; so ,that  C .such ,that  D .such  so46. _Judy, you look so tired._Yes. I did not go to bed _ it was twelve last night.A . when B. unless C. until D. after47. She was so interested in the book that she has read it for three hours _ she realized it.A. until B. before C

50、. after D .when48.Jack spend much money on books _ he is so rich.A.though B. when C. if D. because49John feel asleep _ he was listening to the music.A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as50. She does not feel like playing basketball now, _, she is not good at it.   A.so B. or C. bu

51、t D. besides51.Mother is ill,_ Father cooked for us instead.A. but   B. or   C. so  D.and52.-Its 9 oclock now .I must go .-Its raining outside .Dont leave _it stops.A. when  B. since C. while  D .until53.Would you like to go to the concert with me?-Id love to _ I c

52、ant .A. or   B. but   C. so  D. and54. -Our holiday cost a lot of money .-Did it ?Well ,that doesnt matter _you enjoyed yourselves.A. if   B unless   C while   D. or55.He didnt come to school yesterday ,_he was ill.A. if    B. bec

53、ause   C. when   D.  before56.-Can you guess who will be the first to cross the finish line ?-Sandy.  Jane didnt run so fast _ she did last time.A. than B. so   C  .that   D  as57 Nothing can stop the sandstorm _ more and more trees are pla

54、nted.A.  unless B. if C. when D. while58. I have to finish the work now _ I will fall behind others.A.and B. or C. but D. so 59. D o you prefer apples _ grapes?A.to B. than C. or60. I met Miss Green _ I was walking across the bridge, but I did not say hello to him.A. before B. after C

55、. until D. while61. I can not afford to buy a CD player _ it is too expensive.A. after B. though C. because D.until62. I would like to play football with you _ I have got a meeting now.A.and B. or C. but D. so63. Edison never give up, _ he failed many times.A. and B. though C. or D. so64. You s

56、hould make a plan _ you do anything important.A.before B. after C. though D. until65. Forests help to keep water from running away, _ drought does not often happen.A.and B. but C. so D. though66. We all like Han Mei _ she is kind and helpful.A.so B. and C. because D. but67. We will not never give up

57、 our plan _ happens.A.however B. whatever C. whenever D. wherever 68. The box is so heavy _ I have to ask someone to help me.A. to B. because C. that D. for69. It was so late, _ the farmers went on working in the field.A.and B. or C. so D. but70. The little boy is only six years old, _ he

58、can make model wonderful cars.A.but B. so C. or D. and71. Shirley has passed the exam _ she is busy with her hard work.A.because B. when C. since D. though72. Linda was just going out shopping _ the telephong rang.A.while B. when C. after D. because73. I want to know _ Jack still lives in that house.A.that B. if C. weather D. where74. I bought a present for my friend, _ she did not like it at all.A.and B. but C. so D. or75.They did not start the work _ their teacher came back.A.until B. whi