歸化與異化PPT課件

1、1foreignization & domestication異化與歸化2definition vforeignization and domestication are first termed by the american translation theorist lawrence venuti in his book the translators invisibilityvforeignization, an ethno-deviant pressure on those values to register the linguistic and cultural diffe

2、rence of the foreign text，sending the readers abroad.vdomestication, an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to target language cultural values，bringing the author of the source language into the target language culture.3 studies abroadancient rome:word-for-word translation vs. sense-for-sense

3、 translation(cicero/st. jerome)1819th century:on the different ways of translation(friedrich schleiermacher)contemporary translation field:foreignizition vs. domestication(eugene nida/lawrence venuti)4dynamic and formal equivalence dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence are two approaches to tra

4、nslation. dynamic equivalence (also known as functional equivalence) attempts to convey the thought expressed in a source text (if necessary, at the expense of literalness, original word order, the source texts grammatical voice, etc.). formal equivalence attempts to render the text word-for-word (i

5、f necessary, at the expense of natural expression in the target language). the two approaches represent emphasis, respectively, on readability and on literal fidelity to the source text. there is no sharp boundary between dynamic and formal equivalence. 5 debates abroadforeignization：friedrich schle

6、iermacher /lawrence venuti /francis newman domestivation:eugene nida/alexander tytler 6 debates at home古代佛經(jīng)翻譯古代佛經(jīng)翻譯東晉：道安主張直譯 鳩摩羅什堅持意譯 慧遠則提倡折中論。唐朝：玄奘提出“既須求真,又須喻俗”的 “新譯”法,被梁啟超稱頌為“意譯直 譯,圓滿調(diào)和”。7 debates at home近代翻譯近代翻譯我國近代翻譯西學的活動中,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn):與注重保留原文的語言文化特色的“異化派”相比,注重適應目標語的語言文化規(guī)范的“歸化派”一直占有明顯的優(yōu)勢。近百年來我國出現(xiàn)的一些翻譯

7、大家,從晚清時期的嚴復、林紓,到上個世紀三四十年代的朱生豪、呂叔湘、張谷若,一直到建國后的楊必等人,個個都是“歸化派”的代表。而在“異化派”的代表譯家中,魯迅應該是最具代表性的一位,雖然他是中國新文化運動的旗手,但其譯作因為過于拘泥于原作,故而遠不像其創(chuàng)作那樣廣受歡迎。 8 debates at home現(xiàn)當代翻譯現(xiàn)當代翻譯新中國成立后到文革前，茅盾、傅雷（不在形似，而在神似）、錢鐘書（化境），我國建國后的文學翻譯家大多以“藝術創(chuàng)造性的翻譯”為目標，追求“神似”，向往“化境”，力求使自己的譯文讀起來不像譯作，但異化的翻譯策略始終未受到重視。20世紀最后二十年，翻譯研究得到迅速恢復和發(fā)展。外國語

8、，外語界，中國翻譯，翻譯通訊等學刊相繼創(chuàng)辦，“翻譯學”的概念也被提出。翻譯理論建設也迅速發(fā)展起來。1987年，劉英凱在現(xiàn)代外語上發(fā)表的歸化翻譯的歧路一文，文中尖銳地批評了歸化譯法，認為這是“翻譯的歧路”，并大力倡導移植法，讓其在翻譯中占有“主導地位”。從此，國內(nèi)關于歸化和異化策略孰優(yōu)孰劣的爭辯一直沒有停止過。21世紀， 孫致禮,中國翻譯發(fā)表文章認為：“我國二十一世紀的文學翻譯將以異化為主基調(diào)，這將是提高文學翻譯水平的必由之徑”。蔡平,認為：“無論從翻譯的本質(zhì)目的還是從翻譯的實踐來看，翻譯的方法（特別是文學翻譯）只能以歸化為主基調(diào)。”王寧,認為“對于文學翻譯這樣一種藝術性和創(chuàng)造性成分極高的再創(chuàng)造

9、實踐，用簡單的非此即彼式的二元對立模式對一篇譯文進行對與錯的判斷是遠遠不夠的。”9枯藤老樹昏鴉，小橋流水人家，古道西風瘦馬枯藤老樹昏鴉，小橋流水人家，古道西風瘦馬1. oer old trees wreathed with rotten vine fly evening crows;neath tiny bridge beside a cot a clear stream flows;on ancient road in western breeze a lean horse goes.2. withered rattans, wrinkled trees, and evening raven

10、s;small bridge, sparkling brook, and smoking kettle;ancient road, west wind, and a gaunt horse away from house.譯文譯文1表現(xiàn)出深厚的語言功底，可惜不留給讀者任何聯(lián)想空間。雖表現(xiàn)出深厚的語言功底，可惜不留給讀者任何聯(lián)想空間。雖說不失優(yōu)美，但原文的含蓄已不存在。說不失優(yōu)美，但原文的含蓄已不存在。譯文譯文2采用異化手段，保留了原文只可意會不可言傳的含蓄美。采用異化手段，保留了原文只可意會不可言傳的含蓄美。application in translation10deposit vs.定金burden of proof vs. 舉證責任beyond a reasonable doubt:排除合理懷疑前款規(guī)定的人員，索取他人財物或者非法收受他人財物，犯前款罪的，處五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并處罰金。where a person stated in the preceding paragraph extorts money and goods from others or illegally accepts money and goods fromothers to