暖通 畢業(yè)設計 某科研大廈的中央空調系統(tǒng)的設計及通風設計

1、1 緒論 1.1 設計目的 畢業(yè)設計是工科大學培養(yǎng)學生的最后一個教學環(huán)節(jié)，是對四年所學知識的一次全面總結，是把理論知識應用于實踐工程的一次很好的鍛煉。在畢業(yè)設計中，除了要熟練掌握大學四年所學的理論知識外，還要熟習和掌握國家有關的建設方針政策，綜合運用所學的基礎理論和專業(yè)知識，聯(lián)系實際來解決工程設計問題。通過畢業(yè)設計，明確設計程序，設計內容及各設計階段的目的要求和各工種間的必要配合。1.2 設計要求：1.2.1 初步設計：學生接受設計任務后，熟習土建圖紙與原始資料，查閱和收集資料，對設計對象選擇多種空調方式，經過綜合比較后，最后選定一種較好的方案。根據(jù)有關設計規(guī)范及概算指標，對冷熱負荷進行初步估

2、算，初步確定冷熱源方式、容量、臺數(shù)、機房位置和面積并確定送、排風方式。1.2.2 施工圖設計1設計計算 計算室內冷、熱、濕負荷； 確定設計方案。包括系統(tǒng)劃分、空氣處理過程設計、計算總冷量、總熱量、總風量； 根據(jù)冷量和風量確定選用空氣處理設備和制冷設備、繪出空氣處理系統(tǒng)草圖； 全年運行工況調節(jié)分析； 確定室內氣流組織形式，進行氣流組織計算； 進行系統(tǒng)風道布置及管道水力計算； 系統(tǒng)消聲減振設計； 系統(tǒng)防排煙及保溫設計； 對土建、水、電、動力專業(yè)的要求； 設計總結。2繪圖圖紙應包括首頁圖、空調系統(tǒng)布置平面圖、系統(tǒng)圖、大樣圖、機房布置平面圖、系統(tǒng)圖、大樣圖。2 設計任務及依據(jù)2.1 工程概況 本設計對

3、象為長沙市某科研大廈，大廈主要有：辦公室，會議室，多功能廳等。其中地下一層地上八層，預計將機房布置于地下層。工程位于長沙市，東經11304，北緯2812，海拔44.9 m?？偪照{面積為5625m2。本工程空調設計的任務包括本大廈的中央空調系統(tǒng)的設計及通風設計。本中央空調系統(tǒng)設計要求能夠實現(xiàn)夏季供冷和冬季供熱，并能滿足人體的舒適性要求。 2.2 設計依據(jù)2.2.1 長沙市室外空調設計參數(shù)臺站位置：北緯2812， 東經11304， 海拔44.9 m氣象參數(shù)為：夏季：大氣壓：99.94 kpa 室外日平均溫度：32.0 室外計算日溫差：7.3室外干球溫度：35.8 室外濕球溫度：27.7 室外平均風

4、速：2.6m/s冬季：大氣壓：101.99 kpa 采暖計算溫度：0 空調計算溫度：-3 相對濕度：81% 室外平均風速：3.7m/s2.2.1 室內空調主要設計參數(shù)表2.1 室內設計參數(shù) 房間名稱溫 度（波動范圍±2）相對濕度%（波動范圍±10%）新風量m3/(h·人)夏季冬季夏季冬季辦公室2618604030董事長辦公室2618604050財務室2618604030會議室2618604020洽談室2618604020管理室2618604030接待室2618604020擋案室2618604030實驗室2618604014休息室2618604020等待門衛(wèi)室261

5、8604030茶水室2618604020展廳2618604015大堂2618604020傳真機要室2618604030消防控制室2618604030儲藏室2618604020設備室2618604020樣品存放室2618604015多功能廳2618604020 3 負荷計算表3.1 維護結構參數(shù)序號圍護名稱類型傳熱系數(shù)(w/.)傳熱衰減傳熱延遲(h)夏季冬季01外墻磚墻15-240-40.900.910.1712.4402外窗單框雙玻璃窗2.712.781.000.3803內墻磚墻0010011.761.760.408.4904內門木框夾板門2.172.170.990.8405樓板樓面-261.

6、071.070.1511.5706屋面現(xiàn)澆08-2-70-20.920.930.407.963.1冷負荷計算3.1.1外墻和屋面瞬變傳熱引起的冷負荷qc()=ak(tc()+td)kk-tr 式中 qc() 外墻和屋面瞬變傳熱引起的逐時冷負荷，w； a 外墻和屋面的面積，m2； k 外墻和屋面的傳熱系數(shù)，w/(m2 )，由暖通空調附錄2-2和附錄2-3查??； tr 室內計算溫度，； tc() 外墻和屋面冷負荷計算溫度的逐時值，由暖通空調附錄2-4和附錄2-5查取； td 地點修正值，由暖通空調附錄2-6查取； k 吸收系數(shù)修正值，取k=1.0； k 外表面換熱系數(shù)修正值，取k=0.9；3.1.

7、2內圍護結構冷負荷 qc()=aiki(to.m+t-tr) 式中 ki 內圍護結構傳熱系數(shù)，w/(m2 )； ai 內圍護結構的面積，m2；to.m 夏季空調室外計算日平均溫度，；t 附加溫升，可按暖通空調表2-10查取。3.1.3外玻璃窗瞬變傳熱引起的冷負荷qc() = cw kw aw ( tc() + td tr) 式中 qc() 外玻璃窗瞬變傳熱引起的冷負荷，w； kw 外玻璃窗傳熱系數(shù)，w/(m2 )，由暖通空調附錄2-7和附錄2-8查得； aw 窗口面積，m2； tc() 外玻璃窗的冷負荷溫度的逐時值，由暖通空調附錄2-10查得； cw 玻璃窗傳熱系數(shù)的修正值；由暖通空調附錄2-

8、9查得； td 地點修正值，由暖通空調附錄2-11查得；3.1.4透過玻璃窗的日射得熱引起的冷負荷qc() = c aw cs ci djmax clq 式中 c 有效面積系數(shù)，由暖通空調附錄2-15查得；aw 窗口面積，m2；cs 窗玻璃的遮陽系數(shù)，由暖通空調附錄2-13查得；ci 窗內遮陽設施的遮陽系數(shù)，由暖通空調附錄2-14查得；djmax 日射得熱因數(shù)，由暖通空調附錄2-12查得；clq 窗玻璃冷負荷系數(shù)，無因次，由暖通空調附錄2-16至附錄2-19查得；3.1.5照明散熱形成的冷負荷白熾燈 qc() = 1000 n clq 日光燈 qc() = 1000 n1 n2 n clq 式

9、中 n 照明燈具所需功率，w； n1鎮(zhèn)流器消耗功率稀疏，明裝時，n1=1.2，暗裝時，n1=1.0； n2燈罩隔熱系數(shù)，燈罩有通風孔時，n2=0.50.6；無通風孔時，n2=0.60.8； clq照明散熱冷負荷系數(shù)，由暖通空調附錄2-22查得。3.1.6人體散熱形成的冷負荷1、人體顯熱散熱形成的冷負荷qc() = qs n clq 式中 qs 不同室溫和勞動性質成年男子顯熱散熱量，w，由暖通空調表2-13查得； n 室內全部人數(shù)； 群集系數(shù)，由暖通空調表2-12查得；clq 人體顯熱散熱冷負荷系數(shù)，由暖通空調附錄2-23查得；2、人體潛熱散熱引起的冷負荷 qc() = ql n 式中 ql 不

10、同室溫和勞動性質成年男子潛熱散熱量，w，由暖通空調表2-13查得；n，同式3-6-1。3.2人體散濕負荷人體散濕量可按下式計算 d = 0.001n g式中 d 散濕量，/ h ； 群集系數(shù)，由暖通空調表2-12查得為0.80； n 計算時刻空調房間內的總人數(shù)； g 一名成年男子的小時散濕量，由暖通空調表2-13查得。下面選擇1001管理室、2007洽談室、3004風道實驗室進行計算，本設計的負荷將用軟件算出。3.3計算結果1001管理室墻 （a=8×3.76=30.1 m2）西北外墻冷負荷（型墻）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017

11、:0018:00tc()32.73231.531.231.131.231.431.932.533.3k =1.0 k=1.0 k =0.9 w/(m2 ) td=2.4 tr=26a3.76×4.5-1.3×2.9=13.15 m2t'c()35.134.433.933.633.533.633.834.334.935.7t9.18.47.97.67.57.67.88.38.99.7qc()107.799.493.589.988.889.992.398.2105.3114.8西北外窗瞬時傳熱冷負荷(雙玻璃窗,淺藍布簾)時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0

12、014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()27.92929.930.831.531.932.232.23031.6cw=1.0 k =2.71 w/(m2 ) td=3 tr=26a1.3×2.9=3.77 m2t'c()30.93232.933.834.534.935.235.23334.6t4.966.97.88.58.99.29.278.6qc()50.161.370.579.786.890.994.094.071.587.9西北外窗日射得熱冷負荷時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00c=

13、0.85 cs=0.74 ci=0.60 dj max=415 w/m2a1.3×2.9=3.77 m2clq0.210.240.260.270.340.540.710.840.770.46qc()124.0141.7153.5159.4200.8318.8419.2496.0454.7271.6西南外墻冷負荷（型墻）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()36.636.135.735.234.934.634.434.334.434.7k =1.0 k=1.0 k =0.9 w/(m2 ) td=1.0 tr=26

14、a8×4.5=36 m2t'c()37.637.136.736.235.935.635.435.335.435.7t11.611.110.710.29.99.69.49.39.49.7qc()375.8359.6346.7330.5320.8311.0304.6301.3304.6314.3東北內墻冷負荷（型墻）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00to.m32323232323232323232k =1.76w/(m2 ) t=0 tr=26a8×4.5=36 m2t6666666666qc()380

15、.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2樓板時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00to.m32323232323232323232k =1.07w/(m2 ) t=0 tr=26a3.76×8=30.08 m2t6666666666qc()193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1照明散熱形成的冷負荷開燈時間 10小時（8：0018：00）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:00

16、16:0017:0018:00clq0.90.910.930.930.940.950.950.950.960.96n1=1.0 n2=0.8n330 wqc()237.6240.24245.5245.5248.2250.8250.8250.8253.4253.4人員散熱形成的冷負荷人在室內時間 10小時（8：0018：00）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00clq0.530.620.690.740.770.80.830.850.870.89qs=60.5w n=3 人 =0.8qc()76.95690.024100.18810

17、7.448111.804116.16120.516123.42126.324129.228ql73.3qc175.9175.9175.9175.9175.9175.9175.9175.9175.9175.9合計252.9265.9276.1283.4287.7292.1296.4299.3302.2305.11001各分項逐時冷負荷匯總表時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00西北外墻負荷107.799.493.589.988.889.992.398.2105.3114.8西北外窗傳熱負荷50.161.370.579.786.890

18、.9949471.587.9西北外窗日射負荷124141.7153.5159.4200.8318.8419.2496454.7271.6西南外墻負荷375.8359.6346.7330.5320.8311304.6301.3304.6314.3東北內墻負荷380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2樓板負荷193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1照明負荷237.6240.24245.5245.5248.2250.8250.8250.8253.4253.4人員負荷252.9265.

19、9276.1283.4287.7292.1296.4299.3302.2305.1合計1721.41741.441759.11761.71806.41926.82030.62112.92065.01920.42007洽談室（a=19.76×10.76=212.6 m2）東北外墻冷負荷（型墻）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()33.933.633.533.533.733.934.334.634.935.2k =1.0 k=1.0 k =0.9 w/(m2 ) td=3.0 tr=26a10.76×3.

20、9-2×1.8×2.3=33.68m2t'c()36.936.636.536.536.736.937.337.637.938.2t10.910.610.510.510.710.911.311.611.912.2qc()330.4321.3318.3318.3324.3330.4342.5351.6360.7369.8東北外窗瞬時傳熱冷負荷(2個外窗，雙玻璃窗,淺藍布簾）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()27.92929.930.831.531.932.232.23031.6cw=1.0 k

21、=2.71 w/(m2 ) td=3 tr=26a1.8×2.3=4.14m2t'c()30.93232.933.834.534.935.235.23334.6t4.966.97.88.58.99.29.278.6qc()55.067.377.487.595.499.9103.2103.278.596.52qc()110.0134.6154.8175.0190.7199.7206.4206.4157.1193.0東北外窗日射得熱冷負荷時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00c=0.85 cs=0.74 ci=0.6

22、0 djmax=415 w/m2a1.8×2.3=4.14m2clq0.760.560.380.310.30.280.250.210.170.11qc()499.5368.0249.7203.7197.2184.0164.3138.0111.772.32qc()998.9736.0499.5407.4394.3368.0328.6276.0223.4144.6東南外墻冷負荷（型墻）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()35.334.934.634.534.634.835.235.736.236.7k =1.0 k

23、=1.0 k =0.9 w/(m2 ) td=1.3 tr=26a19.76×3.9-1.3×2.2-4×1.8×3.2=51.16m2t'c()36.636.235.935.835.936.136.537.037.538.0t10.610.29.99.89.910.110.511.011.512.0qc()488.1469.6455.8451.2455.8465.0483.5506.5529.5552.5東南外窗瞬時傳熱冷負荷(雙玻璃窗,淺藍布簾）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:

24、00tc()27.92929.930.831.531.932.232.23031.6cw=1.0 k =2.71 w/(m2 ) td=3 tr=26a1.3×2.2=2.86m2t'c()30.93232.933.834.534.935.235.23334.6t4.966.97.88.58.99.29.278.6qc()38.046.553.560.565.969.071.371.354.366.7東南外窗日射得熱冷負荷時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00c=0.85 cs=0.74 ci=0.60 djma

25、x=374 w/m2a1.3×2.2=2.86m2clq0.830.750.520.40.390.360.330.270.20.13qc()335.1302.8209.9161.5157.4145.3133.2109.080.752.5東南外窗瞬時傳熱冷負荷（4個外窗，雙玻璃窗,淺藍布簾）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()27.92929.930.831.531.932.232.23031.6cw=1.0 k =2.71 w/(m2 ) td=3 tr=26a1.8×3.2=5.76m2t'

26、c()30.93232.933.834.534.935.235.23334.6t4.966.97.88.58.99.29.278.6qc()76.593.7107.7121.8132.7138.9143.6143.6109.3134.24qc()306374.8430.8487.2530.8555.6574.4574.4437.2536.8東南外窗日射得熱冷負荷時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00c=0.85 cs=0.74 ci=0.60 djmax=374w/m2a1.8×3.2=5.76m2clq0.830.75

27、0.520.40.390.360.330.270.20.13qc()674.8609.8422.8325.2317.1292.7268.3219.5162.6105.74qc()2699.22439.01691.11300.81268.31170.71073.2878.1650.4422.8西南內墻冷負荷（型墻）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00to.m32323232323232323232k =1.76w/(m2 ) t=0 tr=26a10.76×3.9=41.96 m2t6666666666qc()443.1

28、443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1西北內墻冷負荷（型墻）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00to.m32323232323232323232k =1.76w/(m2 ) t=0 tr=26a19.76×3.9=77.06 m2t6666666666qc()813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8屋面時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00to.

29、m33.132.733.034.035.838.140.743.546.148.3cw=1.0 k =0.92w/(m2 ) td=2.2 tr=26a81.00 m2t'c()35.334.935.236.23840.342.945.748.350.5t9.38.99.210.21214.316.919.722.324.5qc()693.0663.2685.6760.1894.21065.61259.41468.01661.81825.7照明散熱形成的冷負荷開燈時間 10小時（8：0018：00）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:

30、0018:00clq0.90.910.930.930.940.950.950.950.960.96n1=1.0 n2=0.8n2339 wqc()1684.11702.81740.21740.21758.91777.61777.61777.61796.41796.4人員散熱形成的冷負荷人在室內時間 10小時（8：0018：00）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00clq0.530.620.690.740.770.80.830.850.870.89qs=60.5w n=85 人 =0.8qc()2180.42550.72838.7

31、3044.43167.83291.23414.63496.93579.23661.5ql73.3qc4984.44984.44984.44984.44984.44984.44984.44984.44984.44984.4合計7164.87535.17823.18028.88152.28275.68399.08481.38563.68645.92007洽談室各分項逐時冷負荷匯總表時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00東北外墻負荷330.4321.3318.3318.3324.3330.4342.5351.6360.7369.8東北外

32、窗傳熱負荷110134.6154.8175190.7199.7206.4206.4157.1193東北外窗日射負荷998.9736499.5407.4394.3368328.6276223.4144.6東南外墻負荷488.1469.6455.8451.2455.8465483.5506.5529.5552.5東南外窗傳熱負荷344421.3484.3547.7596.7624.6645.7645.7491.5603.5東南外窗日射負荷3034.327421901.11462.31425.81316.11206.4987731.1475.3西南內墻負荷443.1443.1443.1443.144

33、3.1443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1西北內墻負荷813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8屋面負荷693663.2685.6760.1894.21065.61259.414681661.81825.7照明負荷1684.11702.81740.21740.21758.91777.61777.61777.61796.41796.4人員負荷7164.87535.17823.18028.88152.28275.683998481.38563.68645.9合計16104.515982.815319.615147.915449

34、.815679.515906159571577215863.63004風道實驗室（a=56.1 m2）東北外墻冷負荷（型墻）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()33.933.633.533.533.733.934.334.634.935.2k =1.0 k=1.0 k =0.9 w/(m2 ) td=3.0 tr=26a8.26×3.4-6.76×1.8-1.5×1.5=13.67m2t'c()36.936.636.536.536.736.937.337.637.938.2t10.9

35、10.610.510.510.710.911.311.611.912.2qc()134.1130.4129.2129.2131.6134.1139.0142.7146.4150.1東北外窗瞬時傳熱冷負荷（雙玻璃窗,淺藍布簾）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()27.92929.930.831.531.932.232.23031.6cw=1.0 k =2.71 w/(m2 ) td=3 tr=26a6.76×1.8=12.17m2t'c()30.93232.933.834.534.935.235.2333

36、4.6t4.966.97.88.58.99.29.278.6qc()161.6197.9227.6257.2280.3293.5303.4303.4230.9283.6東北外窗日射得熱冷負荷時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00c=0.85 cs=0.74 ci=0.60 djmax=415 w/m2a6.76×1.8=12.17m2clq0.760.560.380.310.30.280.250.210.170.11qc()1448.61067.4724.3590.9571.8533.7476.5400.3324.020

37、9.7東北外窗瞬時傳熱冷負荷（雙玻璃窗,淺藍布簾）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()27.92929.930.831.531.932.232.23031.6cw=1.0 k =2.71 w/(m2 ) td=3 tr=26a1.5×1.5=2.25m2t'c()30.93232.933.834.534.935.235.23334.6t4.966.97.88.58.99.29.278.6qc()29.936.642.147.651.854.356.156.142.752.4東北外窗日射得熱冷負荷時間9:

38、0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00c=0.85 cs=0.74 ci=0.60 djmax=415 w/m2a1.5×1.5=2.25m2clq0.760.560.380.310.30.280.250.210.170.11qc()267.8197.3133.9109.2105.798.788.174.059.938.8東南外墻冷負荷（型墻）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()35.334.934.634.534.634.835.235.736.236.

39、7k =1.0 k=1.0 k =0.9 w/(m2 ) td=1.3 tr=26a7.76×3.4-3.76×1.5=20.74m2t'c()36.636.235.935.835.936.136.537.037.538.0t10.610.29.99.89.910.110.511.011.512.0qc()197.9190.4184.8182.9184.8188.5196.0205.3214.7224.0東南外窗瞬時傳熱冷負荷（雙玻璃窗,淺藍布簾）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()27.92

40、929.930.831.531.932.232.23031.6cw=1.0 k =2.71 w/(m2 ) td=3 tr=26a3.76×1.5=5.64m2t'c()30.93232.933.834.534.935.235.23334.6t4.966.97.88.58.99.29.278.6qc()74.991.7105.5119.2129.9136.0140.6140.6107.0131.4東南外窗日射得熱冷負荷時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00c=0.85 cs=0.74 ci=0.60 djmax=

41、374 w/m2a1.3×2.2=2.86m2clq0.830.750.520.40.390.360.330.270.20.13qc()660.7597.1414.0318.4310.5286.6262.7214.9159.2103.5西北內墻冷負荷（型墻）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00to.m32323232323232323232k =1.76w/(m2 ) t=0 tr=26a7.76×3.4=26.38 m2t6666666666qc()278.6278.6278.6278.6278.6278.

42、6278.6278.6278.6278.6照明散熱形成的冷負荷開燈時間 10小時（8：0018：00）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00clq0.90.910.930.930.940.950.950.950.960.96n1=1.0 n2=0.8n639wqc()460.1465.2475.4475.4480.5485.6485.6485.6490.8490.8人員散熱形成的冷負荷人在室內時間 10小時（8：0018：00）時間9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00clq0.530.620.690.740.770.80.830.850.870.89qs=60.5w n=6 人 =0.8