Unit2 Working the land--Language points

1、Unit 2 Working the landLanguage points Learning aims1、get more familiar with the text2、Learn the key words , expressions and sentence structures in the textSentence Explanations1. Although he is one of Chinas most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to

2、do his research. 【分析】這是一個含讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句。其結(jié)構(gòu)為: 讓步狀語從句(Although he is one of Chinas most famous scientists)+主句(Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer)。主句中包含“consider + 賓語 + n.”結(jié)構(gòu)。 for引導(dǎo)的從句并不表示原因, 而只是為主句中所說的話提供推斷的理由, 加以解釋, 此時for前要加逗號。e.g. The shop was quite new, for it had opened only the week before.

3、注意：work the land表示“耕種土地”，相當(dāng)于grow crops on the land?！痉聦憽?盡管他是班上最好的學(xué)生之一，班長仍然刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，因為他明白學(xué)無止境。_ in the class, _ hard, for he knows there is no end to learning.1) 辨析辨析because, for because表示理由充分表示理由充分,有必然因果有必然因果關(guān)系關(guān)系, 能回答以能回答以why引起的問句。引起的問句。 He wants everyone to call him a farmer, for thats how he regards h

4、imself. Why arent you coming with us to the concert? Because I have got a bad headache. 你為何不與我們一起去看音樂會？你為何不與我們一起去看音樂會？ 因為我頭痛。因為我頭痛。for (因為因為,由于由于),補充說明理由補充說明理由,不用不用于句首于句首;不能回答以不能回答以why引起的問句。引起的問句。如：如：The shop was quite new, for it had opened only the week before.since側(cè)重主句，從句表示顯然的或已為人所知的理由，常譯為“因為”、“既

5、然”，語氣比because稍弱，通常置于句首，表示一種含有勉強語氣的原因。as是常用詞，它表示的“原因”是雙方已知的事實或顯而易見的原因，或者理由不是很重要，含義與since相同，但語氣更弱，沒有since正式，常譯為“由于，鑒于”。從句說明原因，主句說明結(jié)果，主從并重。_ he says so, it must be true._ it was late, I made haste to go.The day breaks _ the sun rises.The day breaks, _ the birds are singing.sinceAs becausefor2. Indeed,

6、his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. (P10)【分析】 這是一個復(fù)合句，主句的主語是_，like those of millions of Chinese farmers是介詞短語作_，for whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾millions of Chinese farmers。注意：關(guān)系代詞位于介詞之后，指人時要用who

7、m，指物時要用which?！痉聦憽?的確，他的相貌舉止很像他的哥哥，過去幾年里他和哥哥一直在為鄰居做好事Indeed, his appearance and manners are _, _ good deeds for their neighbor in the past few years. 3. In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.【分析】 本句中動詞不定式(to grow rice) 作定語, 修飾 the first agr

8、icultural pioneer。不定式放在表示次序的詞the first, the last, the best以及the only, the very, the right等詞后面, 且這些詞與動詞不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，結(jié)構(gòu)為：the first/last/best/only/very/right .+n. + to do sth.表示“第一個/最后一個/最好的一個/唯一的/恰好的/合適的做某事的人/物”。他總是第一個來并且最后一個離開。He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 最后一個離開正在下沉的船的那個人是船長。

9、 The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain. 4. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.(金榜P28-1)【分析】make it +賓語補足語+動詞不定式, it 做形式賓語, 動詞不定式是真正的賓語。 it做形式賓語, 通常和下列動詞連用: consider, think, make, find, believe, count, declare, deem,

10、 fancy, feel, guess, imagine, judge, prove, see, show, suppose, understand, take等?！痉g】 這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲三分之一的產(chǎn)量?！靖呖兼溄印?We feel _ our duty to make our country a better place. (天津2011)A. it B. thisC. thatD. one5. These increased harvests mean that 22% of the worlds people are fed from just 7% of the f

11、armland in the world. (P10)【分析】 這是一個復(fù)合句，主句是_，that引導(dǎo)了一個_從句。注意：“百分數(shù)或分數(shù)+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與該名詞的數(shù)要保持一致。【翻譯】這一糧食產(chǎn)量的增加意味著中國僅僅7%的耕地養(yǎng)活了世界22%的人口。【仿寫】收集到的資料表明超過20%的野生動物已經(jīng)在森林里消失。The collected information shows that more than _ in the forest.Words1. regard regard.as.; 將將.認為認為 We regarded her as the best writer amon

12、g us. in/ with regard to sb./sth. 關(guān)于關(guān)于,至于至于 a countrys laws in regard to human rights 一個國家關(guān)于人權(quán)的法律一個國家關(guān)于人權(quán)的法律 2. In many ways, he is one of them, and he has struggled for the past five decades to help them. 常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語(1) already, yet, ever, just, recently, lately, never, before (adv

13、.) The boy has already/just got home. I havent heard from him yet /recently /lately. I have seen the old man somewhere before.(2) since/for I have lived in Beijing since 2000. I have lived in Beijing since I arrived here. I have lived in Beijing for 5 years.struggle (金榜金榜P19-1)v.掙扎；努力；拼搏；斗爭掙扎；努力；拼搏；

14、斗爭 n. (為爭取自由、政治權(quán)利等而進行的為爭取自由、政治權(quán)利等而進行的)斗爭，奮斗斗爭，奮斗struggle with與與斗爭斗爭struggle for 為爭取為爭取而斗爭而斗爭struggle against與與斗爭；為反對斗爭；為反對而斗爭而斗爭struggle to do sth. (=make great efforts to do sth.) 努努力做某事力做某事struggle to ones feet 掙扎著站起來掙扎著站起來eg: She struggled to keep back the tears. 她努力忍住淚水。她努力忍住淚水。It was a hard str

15、uggle to get my work done on time為使工作按時完成為使工作按時完成, 我做了一番努力。我做了一番努力。完成句子我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助那些仍在為獨立而斗爭的人們。Weshouldhelpthosewhoarestill_他們得和各種各樣的困難作斗爭。Theyhadto_Answers:strugglingforindependencestrugglewith/againstallkindsofdifficulties3.Expand（金榜P20-3）v.擴大；擴展；增加；增長；（使）膨脹；闡述；使變大常用結(jié)構(gòu)：o.將擴展/發(fā)展成expandon闡述；詳談

16、Heisthinkingofexpandinghisbusiness.他在正考慮擴大他的生意。Intenyearsthecityspopulationexpandedby12%.十年之中,該市人口增加了百分之十二。聯(lián)想拓展:expansionn.展開；膨脹；擴展expansiveadj.廣闊的；易膨脹的4.equip（金榜P21-6）vt.&vi.配備；裝備常用結(jié)構(gòu)：equipsb./sth.with用武裝某人；用裝備某物equipsb./sth.for為而武裝某人；為而裝備某物apieceofofficeequipment一件辦公設(shè)備Theyequippedthemselvesfor

17、theexpedition.他們?yōu)檫h征準備裝備。Agoodeducationshouldequipyouforlife.良好的教育能使你受用終生。完成句子Thesoldierswerewell(裝備)_weapons.Thislibrary_(為而裝備)atomicresearch.Ourclassroom_(裝備有)acomputerandataperecorder.equippedwithisequippedforisequippedwith5.exportv./n.出口（金榜P21-7）反義詞：importv./n.進口Eg:Chinaexportstomanyforeigncountr

18、ies.中國向許多國家出口物資。Weexportgoodstoover40differentcountries.Theimportofcottongoodswentupsharplyin1986.在1986年,棉織品的進口猛增。6.confusev.使困惑；混淆；搞亂（金榜P21-8）confusionn.混亂；紊亂；混亂狀態(tài)confusingadj.令人困惑的；使人混亂的confusedadj.感到困惑的；被弄糊涂的confuseAwith/andB搭配把混同；辨別不清Hewasreally_(confuse)bythe_(confuse)problemwhichalso_otherpeop

19、leforalongtime.Whentheearthquakeoccurredeverythingwasin_.(confuse)Imalways_John_Paulconfused,confusing,confused,confusion,confusing,with/and6.regretvt.&vi.后悔；遺憾n.遺憾；懊悔常用結(jié)構(gòu)：regretdoing后悔做了某事regrettodo遺憾將要做某事muchtoonesregret深感遺憾withregret遺憾地Tomregrettedtellinghisparentsthething.湯姆后悔告訴了父母那件事。Iregre

20、ttedtotellyouyouhadntpassedthedrivingtest.我很遺憾地告訴你你沒有通過駕駛考試。Hetoldmewithregretthathecouldntcometotheparty.他很抱歉地對我說他不能參加這個聚會了。Hegaveupteachingin1998,muchtohisstudentsregret.他于1998年放棄了教學(xué)，這使他的學(xué)生很遺憾。拓展：regrettfuladj后悔的；遺憾的regrettableadj可惜的；令人遺憾的Expressions1.thanksto幸虧;由于;因為（金榜P20-5）Eg:Thankstoyourhelp，m

21、uchtroublewassaved.多虧你的幫助,減少了許多麻煩。拓展:thanksto=becauseof由于多虧Thanksto/Becauseofyoursupport,wewonthegame.eg:由于交通堵塞我遲到了。Thankstothetraffic,Iwaslate.2.ridof使擺脫/清除（金榜P21-5）ridahouseofmice清除室內(nèi)老鼠ridoneselfofdebt還清債務(wù)ridsb./sth.of擺脫某事/人eg:Youmustridyourselfoftheseold-fashionedideas.你必須擺脫這些陳腐觀念的束縛。聯(lián)想拓展beridof擺

22、脫getridof擺脫；除掉；去掉eg:Itwontbelongbeforewecanbe/getridofthepestaltogether.不用太久，我們就能把這種害蟲消除干凈。不用太久，我們就能把這種害蟲消除干凈。3.besatisfiedwith對表示滿足或滿意Eg:Youvedonewellatschool.Imverysatisfiedwithyou.你在學(xué)校干得不錯，我對你很滿意。【考點聚焦】1）近義詞組:becontentwith同根詞:satisfyvt.滿足;使?jié)M意;satisfactionn.滿意；滿足satisfiedadj.（人/表情）感到滿足的satisfyinga

23、dj.(事物)令人滿意的2）besatisfiedtodo對做感到滿意。如：Hewassatisfiedtowintherace.他對贏得賽跑感到滿意。4.wouldrather寧愿，寧可wouldrather(not)dowouldrather.than.是常用句式，意為“寧可（愿）（而）不要（愿）”=prefertodo.ratherthandowouldrather從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣，用動詞的過去時表示。wouldratherhavedone本想做（而實際上未做）eg:Idratheryoudidnt.(常用來委婉拒絕別人)我希望你不要。Hewouldratherstayathom

24、ewatchingTV.他寧愿待在家里看電視。Idrathernotgothere.我寧愿不去那里。Idratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.我寧愿你明天來而不是今天來。Idratherhavemadeatelephonecalltohimyesterday.我昨天本想給他打個電話的。Homework 1.Finishex.1-3onP12 2.跟蹤練習(xí)onP22ofJinbang 3.PreviewGrammaronJinbangP26-27.5. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.e.g.

25、 I dont quite understand what you are explaining. Please watch what I am doing carefully.2) What =the thing(s) that1) Super 特級，超級特級，超級_ the emperor saw was quite different from _ the old minister told him.A. What, that B. That, whatC. Which, that D. All, all It is pretty well understood _ controls t

26、he flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A. that B. when C. what D. how 6. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.it 在句中作形式賓語在句中作形式賓語, 真正的賓語為真正的賓語為to produce, 結(jié)構(gòu)為結(jié)構(gòu)為: 動詞動詞(make, feel, think, regard)+it +adj+ to do.e.g.

27、We think it important to learn English well.I like _ in the autumn when the whether is clear and bright.A. This B. that C. it D. one.7. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. make it +賓語補足語賓語補足語+動詞不定動詞不定式式,it 做形式賓語做形式賓語,動詞不定式是真正動詞不定式是真

28、正的賓語。的賓語。it做形式賓語做形式賓語, 通常和下列通常和下列動詞連用動詞連用: We consider it our duty to support good leaders. consider, think, make, find, believe, count, declare, deem, fancy, feel, guess, imagine, judge, prove, see, show, suppose, understand, take等等.The new method makes it possible to complete the task faster.Tom f

29、ound it very embarrassing to be reminded of the long-standing debt. Susan deemed it advisable to keep the matter secret. We all feel it nice to be able to visit that distinguished university.Who can prove it wrong to have a “make-money-quick” mentality? The guide thought _ wrong to eat monkeys. A. t

30、his B. it is C. it D. that was8. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvest without expanding the area of fields. search = try to find by looking for “搜查搜查”。They searched everywhere but could not find the lost child. 他們各處都找遍了他們各處都找遍了, 始終找不到丟失始終找不到丟失的小孩。的小孩。The home was searched but no one w

31、as found. 搜查了房屋但一個人也未發(fā)現(xiàn)。搜查了房屋但一個人也未發(fā)現(xiàn)。 search常用的搭配：常用的搭配： search sb./sth. 搜查某人搜查某人/某物某物 search for sb./sth. 搜尋某人搜尋某人/某物某物 search sth./sb. for搜查某物搜查某物/某人某人以尋找以尋找 in search of 尋找尋找 search out 發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)注意：注意：search sb.指指“搜查某人搜查某人”, 指對某人進指對某人進行搜身。行搜身。 search for sb.指指“搜尋某人搜尋某人”, 指為了要指為了要找到某人進行搜尋找到某人進行搜尋, 相當(dāng)于

32、相當(dāng)于look for。例如：例如：The policeman searched the thief to see what he had in his pockets. 警察搜查小偷警察搜查小偷, 看他口袋里有什么東西。看他口袋里有什么東西。 The villagers are searching for the missing child. 村民們正在搜尋那個失蹤的孩子。村民們正在搜尋那個失蹤的孩子。9. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 1) th

33、anks to表示表示“幸虧幸虧,多虧多虧”多用于表多用于表達正面意思達正面意思, 相當(dāng)于感謝相當(dāng)于感謝, 在句中作在句中作狀語和表語。狀語和表語。 Thanks to your help，much trouble was saved. 多虧你的幫助多虧你的幫助, 減少了許多麻煩。減少了許多麻煩。Animals living environments have been getting worse _ the increase in industrial pollution. A. thanks to B. because C. as D. since2) ridof 使使擺脫擺脫/清除清除r

34、id a house of mice 清除室內(nèi)老鼠清除室內(nèi)老鼠rid oneself of debt 還清債務(wù)還清債務(wù)類似用法動詞類似用法動詞：inform/ warn/ cureof,The sales manager asked his men to inform him of everything concerning the sales in time. 銷售部經(jīng)理讓他手下的人銷售部經(jīng)理讓他手下的人把關(guān)于銷售量的情況及時報告他。把關(guān)于銷售量的情況及時報告他。10. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice a

35、s large as before. 英語中的倍數(shù)表達法共有三種形式英語中的倍數(shù)表達法共有三種形式:(1) 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) + 形容詞形容詞/副詞的比較級副詞的比較級 + than.(2) 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) + as +形容詞形容詞/副詞的原級副詞的原級 + as.(3) 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) + the + 名詞名詞+ of. This building is five times higher than that one. 這座樓比那座樓高出五倍。這座樓比那座樓高出五倍。 This building is five times as high as that one. 這座樓是那座樓的五倍高。這座樓是那座樓的五倍高

36、。This building is five times the height of that one. 這座樓是那座樓的五倍高。這座樓是那座樓的五倍高。The new building is four times the size of the old one.It is reported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe. A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much11. And he would rather keep time

37、 for his hobbies. would rather 寧愿，寧可寧愿，寧可Hed rather work in the countryside. 用法用法1：would ratherthan 寧愿寧愿而不而不，與其，與其不如不如I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.用法用法2：would rather than =would ratherthanFacing the enemies, our soldiers would die rather than surrender. 面對敵人面對敵人, 我們的戰(zhàn)士寧死不屈。我

38、們的戰(zhàn)士寧死不屈。Rather than refuse to help you, I would borrow money from my friends. 我寧我寧可向朋友借錢可向朋友借錢, 也不愿拒絕幫助你。也不愿拒絕幫助你。用法用法3：would rather后面也可跟從句后面也可跟從句表示主語寧愿某人做某事。這時，從句表示主語寧愿某人做某事。這時，從句謂語應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，即用一般過去時表謂語應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，即用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖?；用過去完成時示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖?；用過去完成時表示已經(jīng)做過的事或過去要做的事。表示已經(jīng)做過的事或過去要做的事。Id rather you hadnt

39、 told him the news that day.用法用法4: would rather have done sth. 表示主語要做某事表示主語要做某事, 而結(jié)果卻事與愿違。而結(jié)果卻事與愿違。Id rather have left a note on her desk.我本想留張字條在她的書桌上。我本想留張字條在她的書桌上。 (事實上沒有事實上沒有) 典型例題：典型例題：- Shall we go skating or stay at home?- Which _ do yourself? do you rather B. would you ratherC. will you rath

40、er D. should you rather答案答案B would rather do sth. 更喜歡做更喜歡做1) too much 與與much too的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 too much通常位于動詞之后通常位于動詞之后,修飾動修飾動詞詞,too做做much的狀語的狀語,后面也可接名后面也可接名詞。詞。 12. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.She does talk too much, doesnt she? He has too much work to do. 而而much too則常用在形容詞或副詞之則常用在形容詞或副詞之前修飾形容詞或副詞。前修飾形容詞或副詞。The dress is much too long for me. 這衣服我穿太長了。