高中英語分詞作狀語

1、明仁教育一對一個性化教案學(xué)生姓名學(xué)生年級高一教師姓名授課日期月 日授課時段課題必修四:Unit4 V-ing做狀語重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)1. 掌握V-ing做狀語的用法2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的類型及現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的注意事項(xiàng)教學(xué)步驟及教學(xué)內(nèi)容教學(xué)步驟及教學(xué)內(nèi)容教學(xué)過程：（一）上次課作業(yè)檢查與分析。（二）課前熱身，檢查學(xué)生對上堂課的掌握情況。（三）本次課教學(xué)內(nèi)容：分詞作狀語的用法 -ing形式作狀語，可表示時間、原因、方式、伴隨、條件等。如：1. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. (伴隨)2. Hang Wei went to school, taking a tr

2、ain. (方式)3. While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (時間)4. Not having received a reply, we wrote again. (原因)5. Heating water，we can change it into vapor (條件)注意：-ing形式作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語一致。-ing形式前可有while, when, unless, though, if等連詞。一、用作時間狀語1. 典型例句Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 見到貓，老鼠就跑

3、了。The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。2. 理解技巧分詞(短語)用作時間狀語通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成時間狀語從句(引導(dǎo)時間狀語的從屬連詞需根據(jù)句意來確定)，如上面兩句也可轉(zhuǎn)換成：When As soon as the mouse saw the cat, it ran off. After the work was finished, he went home. 3. 高考實(shí)例When _different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticin

4、g the many similarities. A. comparedB. being compared C. comparingD. having compared【分析】此題答案選C，分詞短語when comparing different cultures相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句2 / 20when we compare different cultures。二、用作原因狀語1. 典型例句Being very weak, she couldn't move. 她由于身體虛弱而不能行動。His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的車壞了，所以只好走路。

5、Much discouraged, she moved on to Beijing. 她很沮喪，搬到了倫敦。2. 理解技巧分詞(短語)用作原因狀語通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成由as, because, since, now that 等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，如上面三句也可轉(zhuǎn)換成：As she was very weak, she couldnt move. Because his car was broken down, he had to walk. Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to Beijing. 3. 高考實(shí)例(1) _with so m

6、uch trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face【分析】答案選A?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語faced with so much trouble可轉(zhuǎn)換成原因狀語從句because we were faced with so much trouble。(2) _for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. A. BlamingB. BlamedC. To blameD. To

7、 be blamed【分析】答案選B?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network 可轉(zhuǎn)換成原因狀語從句because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network。三、用作條件狀語1. 典型例句Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它們加起來，我們就可以得到答案。United, we st

8、and; divided, we fall. 團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多給點(diǎn)時間，我們可以做得更好。2. 理解技巧分詞(短語)用作條件狀語通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成由從屬連詞if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，如上面幾句也可轉(zhuǎn)換成：If you work hard, you will succeed. If we add them all up, we can find the answer. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall. If we had b

9、een given more time, we could have done it better.3. 高考實(shí)例_ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having givenB. To giveC. GivingD. Given【分析】答案選D。give 與其邏輯主語 he 是動賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞，故選 D。分詞短語 Given time 可轉(zhuǎn)換成條件狀語從順 If he is given time。四、用作讓步狀語1. 典型例句Although living miles away, he attended the course.

10、 雖然住在幾英里以外，他仍去上課。Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 雖然被擊敗了，他仍是一個受歡迎的拳擊手。2. 理解技巧分詞(短語)用作讓步狀語通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成由從屬連詞though, although, no matter等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，如上面兩句也可轉(zhuǎn)換成：Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 3. 高考實(shí)例No matter how frequently _, th

11、e works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A. performed B. performingC. to be performedD. being performed【分析】答案選A?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語performed在此相當(dāng)于they are performed。 No matter how frequently they are performed的意思是“無論它們（指貝多芬的作品）被演奏多少次”。五、用作伴隨狀語1. 典型例句He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐

12、在椅子上看報。Don't you sit there doing nothing. 別什么也不干坐在那里。He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了進(jìn)來，后面跟著他的妻子。2. 理解技巧理解“伴隨狀語”的關(guān)鍵是要理解“伴隨”二字。分詞(短語)用作伴隨狀語時，它表示的動作伴隨句子謂語動作同時發(fā)生，即句子謂語所表示的動作為主要動作，分詞短語所表示的動作伴隨性的次要動作。3. 高考實(shí)例(1) Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D

13、. and doing(2) My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. broughtB. bringingC. to bringD. had brought(3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing.A. sayingB. saidC. to sayD. having said(4) We often pro

14、vide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. A. thinkingB. thinkC. to thinkD. thought六、用作方式狀語1. 典型例句He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠開卡車謀取生。I'm returning you letter as requested. 我按要求給你退信。2. 理解技巧分詞(短語)用作方式狀語與用作伴隨狀語的情形比較接近。有時用作方式狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞可以轉(zhuǎn)換成by

15、doing sth的結(jié)構(gòu)，如上面第一句也可換成：He earns a living by driving a truck. 注：近幾年高考對分詞用作方式狀語的情形考得較少。七、用作結(jié)果狀語1. 典型例句He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他開槍了，打死了一個過路人。He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五個兒子。It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下，車輛陷入泥沼，橋梁被水沖去。2

16、. 理解技巧分詞(短語)用作結(jié)果狀語時，通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成并列句，如上面兩句也可轉(zhuǎn)換成：He fired and killed one of the passers-by. He died and left his wife with five children. It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out.3. 高考實(shí)例(1) He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put togethe

17、r. A. notingB. notedC. to noteD. having noted【分析】答案選A，此句也可換成：He glanced over at her and noted that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.(2) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reachedB. reachingC. to rea

18、chD. to be reaching【分析】答案選B此句也可換成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year and reached a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. 鑒于以上分詞的用法，我們一定要弄清分詞的方方面面：一、弄清什么是分詞的邏輯主語分詞屬非謂語動詞，即不用作謂語的動詞，所以它沒有真正的主語。但是，分詞作為動詞的一種形式，它應(yīng)有自己理論上或邏輯上的主語，即邏輯主語。如：I often hear him singing this song. 我經(jīng)常聽他唱

19、這首歌。(him 是singing的邏輯語)Hearing the news, he couldnt help crying. 聽到這消息，他禁不住哭了。(he是hearing的邏輯主語)若用的是過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式，則上面提到的邏輯主語實(shí)為“邏輯賓語”。如：I often hear this song sung. 我經(jīng)常聽到有人唱這首歌。(this song是sung的邏輯主語，但是sing 的邏輯賓語)I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看見她被送到手術(shù)室。(her是being taken 的邏輯主語，但是take 的邏輯賓語)

20、二、弄清分詞邏輯主語的易錯點(diǎn)分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語通常應(yīng)是句子的主語，否則會出錯。請看下題：1. Finding her car stolen, _.A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help此題答案應(yīng)選D，因?yàn)榫涫子米鳡钫Z的現(xiàn)在分詞短語finding her car stolen 的邏輯主語應(yīng)是“她”，而不是 a policeman, the area, it

21、 等。在使用分詞的邏輯主語時還要注意根據(jù)句意判斷是主動還是被動。如：2. _ many times, he still didnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Though to be toldC. Having told D. He was told根據(jù)句意，he 與 tell 應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系。從時間上看，應(yīng)該是“被告訴”在先，“沒有理解”在后，故選A。比較下題由于句中用了并列連詞but，情況有所不同：3. _ many times, but he still didnt understand it.A. Having been told B. T

22、hough he was toldC. To have been told D. He was told此題答案選D，句中的并列連詞 but 表明整個句子為并列句，同時表明 but 前應(yīng)是一個獨(dú)立的句子，而不能是一個非謂語動詞短語(所以不能選A或C)。三、弄清分詞邏輯主語的特例一般說來，分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子主語一致，但事實(shí)上有少數(shù)例外的特殊情況：1. 某些表示說話人態(tài)度的一些慣用分詞表達(dá)，它們在用作狀語時其邏輯主語可以與句子主語不一致。如：Generally speaking, women live longer than men. 一般說來，女人比男人活得長。Judging fr

23、om what you say, he ought to succeed. 從你的話看，他應(yīng)當(dāng)能成功。Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly. 考慮到路程，他到達(dá)得很快。Taking everything into consideration, you should leave. 考慮到各種因素，你最好離開。2. 當(dāng)句子含有先行主語it或there時，有時用作狀語的分詞短語可以與先行主語不一致。如：Having so little time, there was not much that I could do. 由于時間很少，我能做

24、的事很有限。Being French, its surprising that shes such a terrible cook. 她是法國人，但她做飯做得那么糟真是令人感到驚奇。3. 當(dāng)分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞或連詞，此時也無需考慮主語一致問題。如：Supposing she doesnt come, what shall we do? 要是她不來我們怎么辦?(supposing為連詞，意為“假若”)Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job. 考慮到他們沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這工作已做得很不錯了。(given為介詞，意為“考慮到”)4. 當(dāng)分詞暗含的邏輯

25、主語為表示泛指意義的one或you時，也無需考慮主語的一致性問題。如：In doing such work, patience is needed. 做這種工作需要耐心(=When one does such work, patience is needed.)四、弄清分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在通常情況下，分詞作狀語時它的邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子主語一致，若不一致，則應(yīng)改用其他句型。如：誤：Crossing the road, a car knocked him down. 正：Crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car. 過馬路時他被車撞倒了。正：Whe

26、n he was crossing the road, a car knocked him down. 他過馬路時車子把他撞倒了。解決狀語分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致的問題，也可在分詞前加一個名詞或代詞，使之成為分詞的邏輯主語。由于加在分詞前的名詞或代詞要用主格形式，故稱分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The job finished, we went home. 工作結(jié)束后我們就回家了。The weather being fine, we went swimming. 天氣很好，我們就去游泳了。He being absent, nothing couldnt be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也

27、干不成。下面這道題是考查非謂語動詞、狀語從句還是祈使句？_ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. A. Having checkedB. CheckC. If you checkD. To check【陷阱】幾個干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，尤其可能誤選A?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢高x C。前面一個分句為條件狀語從句，后面一個分句為主語?，F(xiàn)分析幾個干擾項(xiàng)：選項(xiàng) A 和 D 均為非謂語動詞，根據(jù)英語語法習(xí)慣，非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子主語一致，而此句的 some spelling mistakes 顯然不能用

28、作 having 【重點(diǎn)歸納】現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，分詞動作與主語之間常構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，說明謂語動作發(fā)生的原因、方式、時間、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨等方面的情況。如：In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, A the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. (2009福建)A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being markedA small plane crashed into a hillside five

29、miles east of the city, _B_ all four people on board. (2009上海)A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill【重點(diǎn)歸納】現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如：Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my study. (誤)Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my study. (正)1. 現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)之分；現(xiàn)

30、在分詞的完成式表示分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。如：_C_ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (2008福建)A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited2. 現(xiàn)在分詞的語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動語態(tài)(being done)表示某被動動作正在進(jìn)行；現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動語態(tài)(having been done)表示某被動動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。如：_D_ many times,

31、he finally understood it. （2009四川）A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told3. 現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式是由not 加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的。如：_C_ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. (2008浙江)A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized4. v-ing形式與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換v-ing形式

32、作狀語在句法功能上相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。如：Having lived in Britain for years, he acted as our guide during our stay in London. = Since he had lived in Britain for years, he acted as our guide during our stay in London. Working hard with a strong will, you can also make a difference.= If you work hard with a strong will,

33、you can also make a difference.(1)“連詞 + v-ing形式”作狀語while, when, before, although, unless等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致時，在簡化為v-ing形式作狀語時，通常要保留原連詞，形成“連詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Although we have nothing to do here, we cant leave here.= Although having nothing to do here, we cant leave here.(2) 若作狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致，分詞就要帶上自己

34、的邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The meeting being over (= When the meeting was over), we all drove home.Time permitting (= If time permits), I will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.注意：狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不一致，在簡化為v-ing形式作狀語時，要去掉原連詞。如：When his homework had been finished, he went home.= When his homework having been fi

35、nished, he went home. (×)= His homework having been finished, he went home. ()(3)“on / upon + v-ing形式”作狀語。如：On arriving at the party, she found all the people gone.= When she arrived at the party, she found all the people gone.(4)“副詞 + v-ing形式”作狀語。如：My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.【難點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】1. 過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀