International Supply Chain Management國(guó)際供應(yīng)鏈管理

1、 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. International Supply Chain Management 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used he

2、rein under license. All rights reserved. International Supply Chain ManagementHistorical Development of International LogisticsDefinition of Logistics and Supply Chain ManagementDefinition of International Logistics Definition of International Supply Chain ManagementElements of International Logisti

3、cs The Economic Importance of LogisticsThe Economic Importance of International Logistics 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. International Supply Chain ManagementHistorical Development

4、 of International LogisticsDefinition of Logistics and Supply Chain ManagementDefinition of International Logistics Definition of International Supply Chain ManagementDefinition of Elements of International Logistics The Economic Importance of LogisticsThe Economic Importance of International Logist

5、ics 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. Historical Development of International LogisticsFramework The term “Logistics” is based on the physical movement of goods.The modern interpretat

6、ion of the term “l(fā)ogistics” has its origins in the military.Business logistics include all the activities related to the physical movement of goods (upstream and downstream) and related paperwork. 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks

7、used herein under license. All rights reserved. Historical Development of International LogisticsThe Early, Slow Days Very early international logisticians were traders who bought and sold goods internationally (Silk Road, for example).As trade expanded, international logistics grew.In the early day

8、s, international logisticians were concerned about making sure that the goods arrived in good condition and at the lowest possible cost. 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. Historical D

9、evelopment of International LogisticsThe Move Toward SpeedThe advent of containers in ocean trades (mostly 1960s and 1970s) lowered transit times substantially.International air shipments became an increasing percentage of all shipments in the 1980s: the number of destinations served by airlines gre

10、w.air shipments became increasingly cost competitive with surface alternatives. 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. Historical Development of International LogisticsThe Emphasis on Cust

11、omer SatisfactionIn the 1980s, with very high interest rates, companies shifted their emphasis to inventory reductions.International logisticians became ever more focused on transit times in order to minimize inventory costs, raising the expectations of customers.Fast delivery times facilitated the

12、adoption of different inventory management techniques: Just-In-Time MRP MRP II 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. Historical Development of International LogisticsThe Emphasis on Custo

13、mer Satisfaction Just-In-Time A management philosophy that consists of planning the manufacturing and shipment of goods in such a way that they are produced and delivered just before they are needed in the next step of the assembly process. In the US, JIT is often accomplished with the adoption of M

14、RP and MRP II systems. 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. Historical Development of International LogisticsThe Emphasis on Customer Satisfaction Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) A

15、computer-based management tool that allows a manufacturing firm to determine what to produce, and in which quantity, in function of what it sells to its customers.Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRP II) A computer-based management tool that uses MRP at its core, and that includes other functions i

16、n the firm, such as finance and marketing. 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. International Supply Chain ManagementHistorical Development of International LogisticsDefinition of Logist

17、ics and Supply Chain ManagementDefinition of International Logistics Definition of International Supply Chain ManagementElements of International Logistics The Economic Importance of LogisticsThe Economic Importance of International Logistics 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson,

18、 the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. Definition of Logistics and Supply Chain Management Logistics “Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and s

19、torage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers requirements.” 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved.

20、 Definition of Logistics and Supply Chain Management 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. Definition of Logistics and Supply Chain ManagementSupply Chain Management Encompasses the plann

21、ing and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all Logistics Management activities. Importantly, it also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party service providers, and customers. In

22、 essence, Supply Chain Management integrates supply and demand management within and across companies. 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. Definition of Logistics and Supply Chain Manag

23、ementThree views on the relationship between logistics and SCM 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. Definition of Logistics and Supply Chain ManagementSupply Chain Management Supply Chai

24、n Management includes more activities than Logistics Management: the “Inclusionist” viewpoint prevails. 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. International Supply Chain ManagementHistoric

25、al Development of International LogisticsDefinition of Logistics and Supply Chain ManagementDefinition of International Logistics Definition of International Supply Chain ManagementElements of International Logistics The Economic Importance of LogisticsThe Economic Importance of International Logist

26、ics 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. Definition of International Logistics International Logistics The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the flow and storage of good

27、s, services, and related information from a point of origin to a point of consumption located in a different country. 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. International Supply Chain Mana

28、gementHistorical Development of International LogisticsDefinition of Logistics and Supply Chain ManagementDefinition of International Logistics Definition of International Supply Chain ManagementElements of International Logistics The Economic Importance of LogisticsThe Economic Importance of Intern

29、ational Logistics 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. Definition of International Supply Chain Management 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and At

30、omic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. Definition of International Supply Chain ManagementInternational Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management is inherently global, with firms buying from foreign suppliers or selling to foreign customers, but domestic logist

31、ics activities and international logistics activities are distinct and managed differently. 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. International Supply Chain ManagementHistorical Developme

32、nt of International LogisticsDefinition of Logistics and Supply Chain ManagementDefinition of International Logistics Definition of International Supply Chain ManagementElements of International Logistics The Economic Importance of LogisticsThe Economic Importance of International Logistics 2007 Tho

33、mson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. Elements of International LogisticsInternational Logistics Characteristics: The environment in which international logisticians operate is quite different fr

34、om the domestic environment.The decisions regarding international transportation are eminently more complicated.The number of intermediaries involved is greater .The inherent risks and hazards of international transportation are much more significant. 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

35、 Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. Elements of International Logistics International Logistics Characteristics:International insurance is much more complex.International means of payment are more involved.Terms of trade are much mor

36、e complicated.The crossing of borders represents specific challenges.Inventory is managed differently. 2007 Thomson, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Atomic Dog are trademarks used herein under license. All rights reserved. International Supply Chain ManagementHistorical Development of International LogisticsDefinition of Logistics and Supply Chain ManagementDefinition of International Logistics Definition of International Supply Chain ManagementElements of International Logistics The Economic Importance of LogisticsThe Economic Importance of Internation