19年中考英語真題分類專題19.1短文填空(首字母填空)(第01期)(解析版)

1、2019年中考真題英語分項(xiàng)匯編專題19短文填空考點(diǎn)1首字母填空Passage 1 (2019 天津市)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，使短文意思完整.每空限填一詞。The villagers in Mhangeni, Africa. faced a very big challenge。卜戰(zhàn)).They didnt have a school for their kids.Then the village elder thought of an (1) i. He said that there was an old, abandoned (廢棄的) farmhouse. It cou

2、ld be changed into classrcoms after cleaning and furnishing(裝設(shè)備)it. All the villagers were (2) p leased with his suggestion and started the project immediately. The parents repaired the broken walls. Some villagers (3) d the house into three classrcxDms by using pieces of wood. The others helped mak

3、e desks and chairs for the students. Still, there was much more work to do. But the rains were coming. They had to (4) s working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant.So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by (5 ) t. They had to hurry as summer had ended and o

4、ther schools had already opened. They didnt want to delay (耽擱)their studies. Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes。秣).The news about the project (6) s and many people knew it. Two teachers who worked for the countrys Department of Education arrived to help out. and

5、two foreign visitors were also touched (感動(dòng))by the childrens(7) a, They donated money for them to buytextfks and stationery.After 10 days of hard work, the new school was (8) r The kids were very happy but a bit worried-they were behind in their studies.Besides (除.之夕卜)this, they also faced many (9) d

6、. There were not enough dassrooms to hold allthe students.And two or three students had to share one k.However, the children are happy to study in school - (10) e in their new school which they helped tobuild. Though their school might not be modern, their dream of having a school near their homes h

7、as come true.【答案與解析【文章大意】非洲Mhangeni的村民面臨一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題.他們村子沒有學(xué)校，他們一起努力給孩子們建了一所學(xué)校，雖然學(xué)校很簡(jiǎn)陋，但是孩子們還是很開心能在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí).1. idea【解析】考查名詞；分析語境，此處表示：村子里的老者想出來一個(gè)主意.肝頭的單詞，idea意見，想法.符合語境.故答案為：idea.2. pleased【解析】考查形容詞；分析語境，此處表示：所有的村民對(duì)他的建議很滿意，并開始開始了這 個(gè)工廠.p開頭的單詞，pleased滿意的，be pleased with對(duì)滿意.符合語境.故答案為：pleased.3. divided【解析】考查動(dòng)詞；

8、分析語境，此處表示：有一些村民用一些木板把房子分成幾個(gè)教室.肝 頭的單詞，divide分開，divideinto把.分成符合語境.根據(jù)語境，需要使用一般過去時(shí)，divide 的過去式為divided.故答案為：divided.4. stop【解析】考查動(dòng)詞；分析語境，此處表示：他們不得不停止工作，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在對(duì)他們來說，是最好的種植的時(shí)間.s開頭，stop停止，stopdoing停止做.符合語境.had t。后面接動(dòng)詞原形.故答案為：stop.5. themselves【解析】考查反身代詞；分析語境，此處表示：所以，Mhangeni的孩子們決定自己完成這個(gè)房子，themselves他們自己，符合語

9、境.故答案為：themselves.6. spread【解析】考查動(dòng)詞；此處意思為：關(guān)于這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的消息傳播出去，很多人都知道它了.好頭， spread傳播，符合語境.根據(jù)語境，此處需要用一般過去時(shí)，spread的過去式是spread.故答案為：spread.7. actions【解析 1考查名詞；分析語境，此處表示：而且，兩個(gè)外國(guó)游客也被孩子們的行動(dòng)感動(dòng)了. a 開頭的詞，action行動(dòng)，可數(shù)名詞，此處表示孩子們的行動(dòng)，用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式.故答案為：actions.8. ready【解析】考查形容詞；分析語境，此處表示：經(jīng)過W天的努力工作后，新學(xué)校已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了. r 開頭的詞，ready準(zhǔn)

10、備好的.符合語境.故答案為：ready.9. difficulties【解析】考查名詞；分析語境，此處表示：除fct外，他們還面臨了很多困難.開小，difficulty 困難，可數(shù)名詞，前面有many，此處需要用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式.difficulty的復(fù)數(shù)形式是difficulties.故答案 為：difficulties.10. especially【解析】考查副詞；分析語境，此處表示：然而，孩子們很開心在學(xué)校里學(xué)習(xí)-尤其是 在他們幫助建的新學(xué)校里.e開頭的詞，especially尤其.符合語境.故答案為：especially.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此類題目，需要分析語境，并且需要熟記單詞，再結(jié)合語法結(jié)構(gòu)，便

11、可得出正確答案.Passage N2019 湖北省武漢市）閱讀下面短文，在空白處寫出各單詞的正確形式，單詞的第一個(gè)字母已給出。It was at an exliibition of the aitisfs works organized by the Red Cross. I was invited as a special g 51toattend the exhibition. During this period, two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and asked me for my signature（簽名）.“I ha

12、vent brought my pen. Is the p 52 okay? Actually, I knew they wouldnt r 53 I just wanted to show a well-known writer good maimers to the c 54 readers.“Certainly,“ the yoimg gills readily a 55.1 could see they were very excited. Of course, their excitementalso made me feel more pleased and satisfied.

13、One of the girls h 56 her fine notebook to me. I turned over the cover of the notebook wrote a few words of encouragement n 57 and signed my name The girl read my signature, frowned （皺眉），looked at me carefiilly and asked, “Arent you Robert Char?”“No J I told her pioudlyJTm the author ofAlice Adamthe

14、 w 58 of two Pulitzer Prizes.The young girl turned to the o 59 shrugged （聳肩）and said, “Mary, lend yoiw nibber to me.At that moment; all my p 60turned into a bubble。包包）immediately Since then, I always warn myself: no matterhow outstanding you are, dont tliiiik liighly of yourself.【答案與解析】【文章大意】本篇文章難度適

15、中，主要講述我應(yīng)邀參加紅十字會(huì)舉辦的藝術(shù)家作品展，之前我非常的 自豪和驕傲。兩個(gè)小女孩找我要簽名，我給其中一個(gè)女孩簽完名后，女孩非常吃驚，我不是羅伯特查爾， 我在那里自夸自己獲得兩次普利策獎(jiǎng)。然而這個(gè)小女孩向另一個(gè)小女孩借了橡皮擦掉了我的簽名。自此， 作者經(jīng)常警示自己：無論你多么優(yōu)秀，不要過高地贊揚(yáng)你自己。51. guest 句意“我作為一個(gè)特邀嘉賓參加了這個(gè)展覽”。根據(jù)句意可知，表示“特邀嘉賓”。guest客人, 且根據(jù)空前a可知，用單數(shù)，故填guest。52. pencil 句意“我沒帶鋼筆，鉛筆可以嗎？ 。根據(jù)Mary, lend your rubber to me可知，一個(gè)女孩向另 一

16、個(gè)女孩借橡皮擦我的簽名，所以空處表示“鉛筆”。pencil鉛筆，且根據(jù)is可知，用單數(shù)，故填pencil。53. refuse 句意“事實(shí)上，我知道他們不會(huì)拒絕。根據(jù) I just wanted to show a well-known writer sgood manners to the c 4 readers可知，我認(rèn)為她們不會(huì)拒絕，我只想向普通的讀者展示一個(gè)著名的作家的 好的行為。refuse拒絕，且根據(jù)空前wouldnt可知，用動(dòng)詞原形，故填refuse。54. common 句意“我僅僅想向普通的讀者展示一個(gè)著名的作家的好的行為”。根據(jù)首字母可知，表示“普通的讀者”。common普

17、通的,故填common。55. agreed 句意“當(dāng)然”，這個(gè)小女孩很樂意地同意了”。根據(jù)文意可知，我沒有帶鋼筆，所以問他 們鉛筆可不可以，他們同意用鉛筆。agree同意，且根據(jù)全文可知，用一般過去時(shí)，故填agreed。56. handed 句意”其中的一個(gè)小女孩將她精美的筆記本遞給我”。根據(jù)文意可知，小女孩找我要簽名， 所以他們將本子遞給我。hand遞，且根據(jù)全文可知，用一般過去時(shí)，故填handed。57. naturally 句意“我翻開筆記本的封面，自然而然地寫了幾個(gè)鼓勵(lì)的詞并且簽了我的名字”。根據(jù)句 意可知，表示很自然地寫下幾個(gè)鼓勵(lì)的單詞，且空處修飾動(dòng)詞wrote,用副詞，故填nat

18、urally。58. winner 句意“我是寂寞芳心的作者，兩次普利策獎(jiǎng)的獲得者”。根據(jù)I told her proudly可知，表示我很自豪地告訴他們我是兩次普利策獎(jiǎng)的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。winner贏家，獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，都是指“我”，用單?shù)，故填 winnero59. other 句意“這個(gè)年輕的女孩轉(zhuǎn)向另一個(gè)女孩，,肩說：把你的橡皮借給我。WDuring this period, two cute girls of 16 o門 7 years old came to me and asked me for my signature 可知，是兩個(gè)女孩，所 以表示 “兩者中另一個(gè)，用the other,故填o

19、ther。60. pride句意“在那個(gè)時(shí)候，所有我的自豪立刻都變成了泡沫 o根據(jù)I just wanted to show a welkknownwriter? sgood manners to the c 4 readers 以及 “No, I told her proudly 可知，之前我很自豪，所以我 的自豪變成了泡沫。根據(jù)空前my可知，空處用名詞。pride自豪，故填pridePassage 3 （2019 泰州市）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，補(bǔ)全空格內(nèi)單詞，使短文完整、通順。Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is as dangerous a

20、s first-hand smoke. But have you h 71 ofthird-hand smoke?Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces 戰(zhàn)面）of things around, I 72 furnitureor clothes. When someone smokes in a room, poisonous particles（粒子）in tobacco（煙草）smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes, even after

21、 the cigarette （香煙）has been put out This can cause a great danger to your family; e 73 younger children.b 74Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more I汰ely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This isthey are often close to surfaces of things. Such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacc

22、o particlesremain. When they t 75these surfaces, they get their hands polluted.So, it is necessary and important to say n 76 to third-hand smoke. To achieve this, strict r77for forbidding （禁止）smoking inside homes should be carved out If one of your family memberssmokes, please make sure he smokes o

23、78 the house. Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he f79smoking he will take them off before getting inside the house. Moreover; make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face, and changes his clothes before picking up the babyMany times, you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child, b

24、ut it doesnt mean he or she is s 80Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away fromthird-hand smoke.【答案與解析】【文章大意】本文介紹了“三手”煙的危害?！叭帧睙熓侵福焊街诩揖呋蛞路戎車矬w表面上的煙草 顆粒。這會(huì)對(duì)家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危險(xiǎn)。因?yàn)閶雰簞倢W(xué)會(huì)走路，當(dāng)他們接觸這些表面時(shí)， 他們的手會(huì)受到污染。因此對(duì)笫三手煙說“不”是必要和重要的。應(yīng)該制定嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定禁止在家里吸煙。71. heard

25、句意：但是你聽說過“三手”煙嗎？由語境和首字母提示可知，填：hear； hear of：聽說。分析 句子But have you h 71of third-hand” smoke?的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本題為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：助動(dòng)詞hahave+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。故答案為：heard。72. like 句意：第“三手”煙是指家具或衣服等周圍物體表面上的污染物。由語境和首字母提示可知，填： like； like在這里用來表示舉例，所以答案為：like。73. especially 句意：這會(huì)對(duì)你的家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危險(xiǎn)。由語境和首字母提示可知， 填：especially； es

26、pecially是個(gè)副詞，表示陳述某一事實(shí)之后，列舉一個(gè)具有代表性的例子，作進(jìn)一步強(qiáng) 調(diào)，其后可接名詞、介詞短語、從句等。本題就是這種用法，用especially來列舉一個(gè)具有代表性的例 子(youngerchildren),來進(jìn)步強(qiáng)調(diào)，三手”煙的危害。故答案為：especially。74. because 句意：這是因?yàn)樗鼈兘?jīng)常接近如地板、墻壁和家具上殘留著煙草顆粒的物體的表面。由語境 和首字母提示可知，填：because；根據(jù) Babies have onlyjust learned to walk. They arc more I汰ely to be harmed by third-ha

27、nd smoke.嬰兒剛學(xué)會(huì)走路。他們更有可能受到第三手煙的傷害。可知，因?yàn)閶雰簞倢W(xué)會(huì)走路， 所以他們會(huì)扶著這些物體，因此接觸的機(jī)會(huì)就多，因此會(huì)受到危害。這里解釋了嬰兒受到危害的原因， 故答案為：becauseo75. touch 句意：當(dāng)他們接觸這些表面時(shí)，他們的手會(huì)受到污染。由語境和首字母提示可知，填：touch； 主句they get their hands polluted,他們的手會(huì)受到污染?？芍?，本題的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此再由when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語they是復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語用動(dòng)詞原形。故答案為：touch。76. no 句意：所以，對(duì)第三手煙說“不”是必

28、要和重要的。由語境和首字母提示可知，no； say no to： 對(duì)說“不這里是指拒絕三手煙。故答案為：no。77. rules 句意：為此，應(yīng)制定嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定禁止在家里吸煙。由語境和首字母提示可知，填：rule；根據(jù) forbidding (禁止)smoking inside homes禁止在家里吸煙，中的homes是復(fù)數(shù)，因此前面的名詞應(yīng)該用復(fù) 數(shù)形式。故答案為：ruleso78. outside 句意：如果你的一個(gè)家庭成員有吸煙的，請(qǐng)確保他在屋外吸煙。由語境和首字母提示可知,填：outside； 根據(jù) lb achieve this, strict r 77 for forbidding

29、禁止）smoking inside homes should be carved out應(yīng)制定嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定禁止在家里吸煙?？芍?，如果你的一個(gè)家庭成員有吸煙的，應(yīng)該是讓他在 屋外吸煙。故答案為：outside。79. finished 句意：給他買一件特別的夾克和帽子，等他抽完煙，他就在進(jìn)屋前把它們脫掉。由語境和首 字母提示可知，填：finish；根據(jù)he will take them off before getting inside the house.他就在進(jìn)屋前把它們 脫掉。可知，進(jìn)屋前，煙已經(jīng)吸完了，因此動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過去。故用一般過去時(shí)，所以答案為：finishedo80. safe 句

30、意：很多時(shí)候，你看不到煙對(duì)你的孩子有害，但這并不意味著他或她是安全的。由語境和首 字母提示可知，填：safe；根據(jù)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明：盡管看不到煙對(duì)孩子的危害，但這并不意味著他或 她是安全的。因此才有了 下文的 Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, mal sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke.戒煙，或者如果不可能的話，確保你所愛的人遠(yuǎn)離三手煙。所以答案為：safe?！军c(diǎn)睛】英語首字母填空技巧1 .通讀短文知大意，看整體全面了解來源：與閱讀理解題和其它類型的完形填

31、空一樣，首先要通讀短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之間必 然承上啟下、前呼后應(yīng)。因此通讀全文時(shí)要一氣呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，細(xì)節(jié)不理解可以跳過。 因此，在解題之前通讀一遍短文，目的是對(duì)文章有個(gè)全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。2 .復(fù)讀短文抓信息，前后照應(yīng)巧猜詞在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通讀短文，目的是對(duì)短文有更進(jìn)一步的了解在閱讀時(shí)要特別注意一 篇文章的開頭（一般不設(shè)空）和結(jié)尾，它們能提供主要的信息，幫助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心 思想。在閱讀過程中，要注意上、下文的關(guān)系，這對(duì)于把握文章的整體意義大有用處。另外，要學(xué)會(huì)跳讀， 即對(duì)不理解的地方采用暫時(shí)回避的方式，待真正理解全文

32、之后再找解決的方法。有些短文填空題，有時(shí)出 現(xiàn)約3%5%的生詞是很正常的，這就要求學(xué)生根據(jù)構(gòu)詞知識(shí)或上、下文的意思加以猜測(cè)，來確定它的詞 義。3 .反復(fù)推敲多分析，慎重答題講合理再次通讀短文，對(duì)留空的句子進(jìn)行全面的分析，看它在全文中所處的位置、作用和意義。這一遍閱讀 要求是精心閱讀，要留心找出關(guān)鍵詞、短語或句子，還要結(jié)合所給首字母的提示，進(jìn)行填寫，并注意單詞 的正確形式。例如：第3小題，句意：這會(huì)對(duì)你的家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危險(xiǎn)。由語境和首 字母提示可知，填：especially； especially是個(gè)副詞，表示陳述某一事實(shí)之后，列舉一個(gè)具有代表性的例子， 作進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)，其后可接

33、名詞、介詞短語、從句等。本題就是這種用法，用especially來列舉一個(gè)具有代表 性的例子（youngerchildren）,來進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)，三手”煙的危害。故答案為：especially。4 .認(rèn)真復(fù)查全文，把握整體和詞形來源：做完以后，再認(rèn)真讀一遍，檢查所填寫的單詞是否與文章要求相符，文章是否通順，前后是否呼應(yīng),有無句型結(jié)構(gòu)及語法錯(cuò)誤。Passage 5 （2019 四川省南充市）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，把文中所缺詞語補(bǔ)充出來，使短文完整正確（每空限填一詞）并將該單 詞的完整形式寫在答題卡相應(yīng)編號(hào)后的橫線上。In some western countries, some people d

34、orit like the number 13 because they think 13 is an unlucky numberFor example, they dorit like to live on the thirteenth floor One evening, Mr Smith asked some friends to get t56. When all of his friends arrived, he asked them to sit at the table for d 57 He beganto c 58 the people. Suddenly he crie

35、d out, Oh, there are thirteen people here! Everyones face lookedpale e 59 Mr Brown. He said with a smile, Dorit wont my friends. My wife will have a baby in a fewweeks. So we have f 60 people here. All of the friends became happy again. Congratulations! theysaid to Mr Brown. They all had a good time

36、 that evening.【答案與解析】【文章大意】這篇短文主要講述了在西方國(guó)家人們都不喜歡數(shù)字13,文中講述了一個(gè)有趣的故事。56. together 句意：一天晚上，史密斯先生讓幾個(gè)朋友聚在一起。根據(jù)文中Mr Smith asked some friends to 可知這里是聚在一起。短語get together表示聚在一起。根據(jù)句意，故填together。57. dinner 句意：當(dāng)他所有的朋友都到了，他請(qǐng)他們坐在桌旁吃飯。根據(jù)One evening和he asked them to sit atthetable可知下文是他請(qǐng)他們坐在桌旁吃飯。dinner晚飯。根據(jù)句意，故填dinn

37、er。58. count 句意：他開始數(shù)人數(shù)。根據(jù)下文he cried out; ”O(jiān)h, there are thirteen people here!”可知上文是說說 數(shù)數(shù)字。count的意思是“數(shù)數(shù)”根據(jù)句意，故填count59. except 句意：除了布朗先生，每個(gè)人的臉都顯得蒼白。except的意思是“除了”根據(jù)下文He said with a smile, Dont wont； my friends. My wife will have a baby in a few weeks. So we have f 60 people here.可知這里是除了 Mr. Brown。根據(jù)題意，故填except。60. fourteen 句意：所以我們這里有 14 個(gè)人。根據(jù)上文 Dont wontz my friends. My wife will have a baby in a few weeks.可知這里是說14個(gè)人。根據(jù)句意，故填fcoteen。Passage 6 （2019 江蘇省連云港市）根據(jù)短文意思和首字母提示，寫出一個(gè)完整正確的單詞。Every year in early October; Albuquerque International Balloon Festival is h