高中虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解課件[1](1)

1、GrammarGrammarthe Subjunctive Mood虛虛 擬擬 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 氣氣We met in this room . Do come to the meeting next Friday .If I were you , I would study hard . 陳述語(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣祈使語(yǔ)氣祈使語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有 種語(yǔ)氣種語(yǔ)氣三三 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式式(verb structure), 用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)人所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí) (fact)，而只是一種假設(shè)而只是一種假設(shè)(hypotheses )

2、愿望愿望(wishes)、建議、建議(suggestion) 或懷或懷疑疑(doubt)等等。等等。The definition of the Subjunctive Mood 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn) 1、條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；、條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；2、條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝；、條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝；3、名詞性從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；、名詞性從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；4、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法;5、虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)態(tài)的判定。、虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)態(tài)的判定?，F(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If從句從句主句主句與與現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在在相相反反did（be用用were)Would /sh

3、ould/could / might +doEnjoy three sentences 1. If I were you ,I would get up early. 2. If I had enough money, I would buy a new car. 3. If he were Zhang Yusheng ,he might see the God.如果我再有一次機(jī)會(huì)的話，如果我再有一次機(jī)會(huì)的話，我會(huì)我會(huì)對(duì)哪個(gè)女孩說(shuō)三個(gè)字：我愛(ài)你對(duì)哪個(gè)女孩說(shuō)三個(gè)字：我愛(ài)你If I had one more chance, If I had one more chance, I would say

4、 to the girl I would say to the girl “I love you.”If從句從句主句主句與與過(guò)去過(guò)去相反相反had +doneWould /should/could/mighthave + done 過(guò)去事實(shí)相反過(guò)去事實(shí)相反Taste the following sentences 1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake. 2. If he hadnt made such a mistake, he could have been a winner. 3. If

5、I had left earlier, I could have caught the bus.TranslateIf從句從句主句主句與將來(lái)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反反Would /should/could/might do與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 1）did（be用用were) 2）were to+ do 3）should +doFeel the following sentences 1. If it were to rain tomorrow, they would not go out. 2. If I had enough money, I would buy a big house.

6、 3. If I shouldnt go to work tomorrow, I might go to the picnic with you.如果我有一千萬(wàn)，我就能買(mǎi)一棟房子。如果我有一千萬(wàn)，我就能買(mǎi)一棟房子。我有一千萬(wàn)嗎？沒(méi)有。我有一千萬(wàn)嗎？沒(méi)有。所以我仍然沒(méi)有房子。所以我仍然沒(méi)有房子。如果我有翅膀，我就能飛。如果我有翅膀，我就能飛。我有翅膀嗎？沒(méi)有。我有翅膀嗎？沒(méi)有。所以我也沒(méi)辦法飛。所以我也沒(méi)辦法飛。如果把整個(gè)太平洋的水倒出，也澆不如果把整個(gè)太平洋的水倒出，也澆不熄我對(duì)你愛(ài)情的火熄我對(duì)你愛(ài)情的火 。整個(gè)太平洋的水全部倒得出嗎？不行。整個(gè)太平洋的水全部倒得出嗎？不行。所以我并不愛(ài)你。所

7、以我并不愛(ài)你。如果我有一千萬(wàn)，我就能買(mǎi)一如果我有一千萬(wàn)，我就能買(mǎi)一棟房子。棟房子。我有一千萬(wàn)嗎？沒(méi)有。我有一千萬(wàn)嗎？沒(méi)有。所以我仍然沒(méi)有房子。所以我仍然沒(méi)有房子。If I were to have 10 milliondollars, I would buy a house. Do I have 10 million dollars? No. Therefore I have no house. . Have a try 1. 如果我有翅膀，我就能飛。如果我有翅膀，我就能飛。 我有翅膀嗎？沒(méi)有。我有翅膀嗎？沒(méi)有。 所以我也沒(méi)辦法飛。所以我也沒(méi)辦法飛。 2. 如果把整個(gè)太平洋的水倒出，也澆不如果

8、把整個(gè)太平洋的水倒出，也澆不熄我對(duì)你愛(ài)情的火熄我對(duì)你愛(ài)情的火 。 整個(gè)太平洋的水全部倒得出嗎？不行。整個(gè)太平洋的水全部倒得出嗎？不行。 所以我并不愛(ài)你。所以我并不愛(ài)你。1. If I were to have a pair of wings, I could fly. Do I have a pair of wings? No. Therefore I could not fly. 2. If I were to unload all the water from the Pacific Ocean, and still could not put out the love of fire t

9、hat I have for you. Can all the water from Pacific Ocean be unloaded? No. Therefore I do not love you.（2.）省略）省略 if 的條件從句的條件從句If I were a bird, I could fly in the sky.If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Were I a bird,I . Should he fail in the experiment省略省略 if 的條件從句的條件從

10、句If I had followed your advice, I wouldnt have made such foolish mistakes. Had I followed your advice,單句改錯(cuò) 1.If I am you, I would take his advice. 2.If it will be my birthday tomorrow, I would get some gifts. 3. If I have met you yesterday, we would have gone to the cinema together. 4.If you had com

11、e a few minutes earlier, you have met him. 5.If he were come here tomorrow, I would tell him.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.If I _ (be) you, I would study hard . 2.If I had money, I _(buy) a computer for my mother. 3.If you had come yesterday , you _would have seen _(see) her. 4.If you had _(get) up earlier, you would ha

12、ve caught that bus. 5.If it _ (rain) tomorrow, we would not go outing .句子改寫(xiě) 1.If he were you, he couldnt be a loser. 2. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. 3.If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.（3.）用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。含蓄條件）用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。含蓄條件句句but that（要不是）、（要不是）、without（

13、沒(méi)有）、（沒(méi)有）、otherwise（否則）、（否則）、or（不然）、（不然）、undercircumstances（在（在的情況下）、的情況下）、in the past（在過(guò)去）（在過(guò)去）相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于if it werent/hadnt been for.e.g.: Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help. But for his help, we would be working now. Without your instruction, I wo

14、uld not have made such great progress. We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. （4)有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果從句中的動(dòng)作有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，混合條件句主句與從句的動(dòng)發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，混合條件句主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)主，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)主，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同，虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同，這叫做這叫做混合條混合條件句。件句。e.g.: If you

15、 had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。）（從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。） If it had rained last night (過(guò)去過(guò)去), it would be very cold today (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在).If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now. I wish I _ to have a word I wish I _ to have a word with

16、 Danny when he was here with Danny when he was here last week.last week.A.A. had been ablehad been ableB.B. should be able should be ableC.C. have been able have been ableD.D. were able were able How I wish I _ as well as How I wish I _ as well as she.she.A.A.shall sing shall sing B.B. can sing can

17、sing C.C. could sing could sing D.D. should sing should sing（賓語(yǔ)從句中常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)從句中常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞: 一個(gè)一個(gè)堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持, 兩個(gè)兩個(gè)命命令令, 三個(gè)三個(gè)建議建議, 四個(gè)四個(gè)要求要求。即。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose4). demand, require, request, desireWe suggested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (should) be present.The king o

18、rdered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意：如果注意：如果suggest, insist不表示不表示“建議建議” 或或“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事堅(jiān)持要某人做某事”時(shí)，即它們用于時(shí)，即它們用于其本意其本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)

19、為”時(shí)，時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。His pale face suggested that he was illThe boy insisted that he was right.1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.obeywasbe sent（3）在主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用）在主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句中

20、的應(yīng)用1）在）在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即（氣，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。 demand (要求要求), desire (請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求),requirment (要求要求) advice (勸告勸告), recommendation (建議建議),suggestion (建議建議) order (命令命令) necessity (必要地必要地), preference (優(yōu)先優(yōu)先) proposal (計(jì)劃計(jì)劃), plan (

21、計(jì)劃計(jì)劃), idea (辦法辦法)， recommendation以及以及plan，idea，resolution等。等。 The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone The advice is that we (should 可省略，可省略，)leave at once. My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. (idea, should + get) (表示做出主意表示做出主意) I m

22、ake a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 3. 狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句 1)as ifas though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句 as ifas though（仿佛、好像）引起方式狀語(yǔ)（仿佛、好像）引起方式狀語(yǔ)從句，從句， a一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反） b過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)（表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）（表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反） cwould do（表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反）（表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反） You look as if you had seen a ghostHe looks as if he

23、 were his father.The two strangers talked as if they had been friends for many years. He seemed as though he had known everything.It looks as if it would be the last day for him.They talked and talked as if they would never meet again. Note: 如果句子表示的是陳述語(yǔ)氣，事實(shí)則如果句子表示的是陳述語(yǔ)氣，事實(shí)則要用陳述語(yǔ)氣要用陳述語(yǔ)氣e.g.: It looks

24、 as if it is going to rain because there are a lot of dark clouds.2)lestin case for fear that引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句從句 lest（以防、以免）、（以防、以免）、in case（萬(wàn)一、（萬(wàn)一、以防）、以防）、for fear that（因恐、免得）引起的（因恐、免得）引起的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要使用（狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要使用（should）do的形式。的形式。 The old woman walked slowly lest she（should）slip He took enough money

25、for fear that unexpected things should happen.He started out earlier lest he should be late.4. 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句Its (about/high) time +從句，表示從句，表示“該做而未做的事該做而未做的事”, 是一種婉轉(zhuǎn)是一種婉轉(zhuǎn)的建議的建議, 從句中的動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)從句中的動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)It is high time we began to work. Weve enjoyed the evening, but its time we went home.Its about time the boy

26、 learned to behave himself.虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型：虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型：5. if only 現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：過(guò)去：未來(lái)：未來(lái)：did（were）had donewould do If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!6. would rather that現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：過(guò)去：未來(lái)：未來(lái)：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont co

27、me. I would rather you came tomorrow.diddidhad done1. Without sunlight , or water or air , there _ no life on the earth . A will have B would be C can be D must be 2 But for the snow , we _ earlier . A will arrive B would have arrived C arrive D arrived 1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination?

28、A. takes B. has to takeC. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has toldDB1. 判斷是否虛擬判斷是否虛擬2. 判斷虛擬類(lèi)型判斷虛擬類(lèi)型3. 判斷虛擬時(shí)間判斷虛擬時(shí)間1. If he had not lost his money, he _ the piano last week. A. would buy B. had bought C. bought D. could have bought2. If

29、we were to be 200 years old, we _ everything. A. will change B. can change C. could change D. changed3. If you _ that film last night, you would not be so sleepy now. A. didnt see B. havent seen C. wouldnt seen D. hadnt seen4. You are late. If you _ a little minutes earlier, you _ him. A. came, woul

30、d meet B. had come, would have met C. came, would have met D. were to come, would meet5. But for the storm, we _ a pleasant journey. A. should have B. have had C. would have D. should have had 6. _ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I7. Without the

31、 computer, the problem _ in such a short time. A. couldnt be solved B. wouldnt have solved C. couldnt have been solved 8. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. will be B. were to be C. would be D. is 9. “You are very selfish. Its high time you _ you are not the most important p

32、erson in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily. A. have realized B. realized C. realize D. should realize10. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept11.I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible .

33、 A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 12 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be raised. A should B would C must D could13. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went B. wont go C. not go D. not to go14.The teacher demanded that the exa

34、m _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished15.The commander ordered that we _ work. A. must finish B. finished C. should finish D. could finish16. Janes pale face suggested that he _ ill . A be B was C should be D is17.He insists he _right. A. were B. wa

35、s C. be D. is18.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try19 She made the demand that the journalists _at once for Iraq. A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to be left20.We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _. A. should be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to put off21. If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.(2010,天津天津)A. follo