5-自動化專業(yè) 單片機(jī)相關(guān) 外文文獻(xiàn) 英文文獻(xiàn) 外文翻譯中英對照

1、西雅圖視頻機(jī)器人使用手冊 本 科 生 畢 業(yè) 論 文（外文翻譯）譯文名稱： mcs -51系列單片機(jī)的功能和結(jié)構(gòu) 專 業(yè)： 自動化 班 次： 學(xué) 員： 指導(dǎo)教員： 評 閱 人： 完成時(shí)間：2010年11月30 日 海軍大連艦艇學(xué)院本科生外文翻譯 第14頁seattle robotics cmucam1 appmod tm vision system for boebots user guidestructure and function of the mcs-51 series structure and function of the mcs-51 series one-chip compu

2、ter is a name of a piece of one-chip computer series which intel company produces. this company introduced 8 top-grade one-chip computers of mcs-51 series in 1980 after introducing 8 one-chip computers of mcs-48 series in 1976. it belong to a lot of kinds this line of one-chip computer the chips hav

3、e,such as 8051, 8031, 8751, 80c51bh, 80c31bh,etc., their basic composition, basic performance and instruction system are all the same. 8051 daily representatives- 51 serial one-chip computers . an one-chip computer system is made up of several following parts: ( 1) one microprocessor of 8 (cpu). ( 2

4、) at slice data memory ram (128b/256b),it use not depositting not can reading /data that write, such as result not middle of operation, final result and data wanted to show, etc. ( 3) procedure memory rom/eprom (4kb/8kb ), is used to preserve the procedure , some initial data and form in slice. but

5、does not take rom/eprom within some one-chip computers, such as 8031 , 8032, 80c ,etc. ( 4) four 8 run side by side i/o interface p0 four p3, each mouth can use as introduction , may use as exporting too. ( 5) two timer / counter, each timer / counter may set up and count in the way, used to count t

6、o the external incident, can set up into a timing way too, and can according to count or result of timing realize the control of the computer. ( 6) five cut off cutting off the control system of the source . ( 7) one all duplexing serial i/o mouth of uart (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter

7、 (uart) ), is it realize one-chip computer or one-chip computer and serial communication of computer to use for. ( 8) stretch oscillator and clock produce circuit, quartz crystal finely tune electric capacity need outer. allow oscillation frequency as 12 megahertas now at most. every the above-menti

8、oned part was joined through the inside data bus .among them, cpu is a core of the one-chip computer, it is the control of the computer and command centre, made up of such parts as arithmetic unit and controller , etc. the arithmetic unit can carry on 8 persons of arithmetic operation and unit alu o

9、f logic operation while including one, the 1 storing device temporarilies of 8, storing device 2 temporarily, 8s accumulation device acc, register b and procedure state register psw, etc. person who accumulate acc count by 2 input ends entered of checking etc. temporarily as one operation often, com

10、e from person who store 1 operation is it is it make operation to go on to count temporarily , operation result and loopback acc with another one. in addition, acc is often regarded as the transfer station of data transmission on 8051 inside . the same as general microprocessor, it is the busiest re

11、gister. help remembering that agreeing with a expresses in the order. the controller includes the procedure counter , the order is depositted, the order decipher, the oscillator and timing circuit, etc. the procedure counter is made up of counter of 8 for two, amounts to 16. it is a byte address cou

12、nter of the procedure in fact, the content is the next ia that will carried out in pc. the content which changes it can change the direction that the procedure carries out . shake the circuit in 8051 one-chip computers, only need outer quartz crystal and frequency to finely tune the electric capacit

13、y, its frequency range is its 12mhz of 1.2mhz. this pulse signal, as 8051 basic beats of working, namely the minimum unit of time. 8051 is the same as other computers, the work in harmony under the control of the basic beat, just like an orchestra according to the beat play that is commanded. there

14、are rom (procedure memory , can only read ) and ram in 8051 slices (data memory, can is it can write ) two to read, they have each independent memory address space, dispose way to be the same with general memory of computer. procedure 8051 memory and 8751 slice procedure memory capacity 4kb, address

15、 begin from 0000h, used for preserving the procedure and form constant. data 8051- 8751 8031 of memory data memory 128b, address false 00fh, use for middle result to deposit operation, the data are stored temporarily and the data are buffered etc. in ram of this 128b, there is unit of 32 byteses tha

16、t can be appointed as the job register, this and general microprocessor is different, 8051 slice ram and job register rank one formation the same to arrange the location. it is not very the same that the memory of mcs-51 series one-chip computer and general computer disposes the way in addition. gen

17、eral computer for first address space, rom and ram can arrange in different space within the range of this address at will, namely the addresses of rom and ram, with distributing different address space in a formation. while visiting the memory, corresponding and only an address memory unit, can rom

18、, it can be ram too, and by visiting the order similarly. this kind of memory structure is called the structure of princeton. 8051 memories are divided into procedure memory space and data memory space on the physics structure, there are four memory spaces in all: the procedure stores in one and dat

19、a memory space outside data memory and one in procedure memory space and one outside one, the structure forms of this kind of procedure device and data memory separated form data memory, called harvard structure. but use the angle from users, 8051 memory address space is divided into three kinds: (1

20、) in the slice, arrange blocks of ffffh , 0000h of location , in unison outside the slice (use 16 addresses). (2) the data memory address space outside one of 64kb, the address is arranged from 0000h 64kb ffffh (with 16 addresses ) too to the location. (3) data memory address space of 256b (use 8 ad

21、dresses). three above-mentioned memory space addresses overlap, for distinguishing and designing the order symbol of different data transmission in the instruction system of 8051: cpu visit slice, rom order spend movc , visit block ram order uses movx outside the slice, ram order uses mov to visit i

22、n slice. 8051 one-chip computer have four 8 walk abreast i/o port, call p0, p1, p2 and p3. each port is 8 accurate two-way mouths, accounts for 32 pins altogether. every one i/o line can be used as introduction and exported independently. each port includes a latch (namely special function register

23、), one exports the driver and a introduction buffer . make data can latch when outputting, data can buffer when making introduction , but four function of passway these self-same. expand among the system of memory outside having slice, four port these may serve as accurate two-way mouth of i/o in co

24、mmon use. expand among the system of memory outside having slice, p2 mouth see high 8 address off; p0 mouth is a two-way bus, send the introduction of 8 low addresses and data / export in timesharing the circuit of 8051 one-chip computers and four i/o ports is very ingenious in design. familiar with

25、 i/o port logical circuit, not only help to use ports correctly and rationally, and will inspire to designing the peripheral logical circuit of one-chip computer to some extent. load ability and interface of port have certain requirement, because output grade, p0 of mouth and p1 end output, p3 of mo

26、uth grade different at structure, so, the load ability and interface of its door demand to have nothing in common with each other. p0 mouth is different from other mouths, its output grade draws the resistance supremly. when using it as the mouth in common use to use, output grade is it leak circuit

27、 to turn on, is it is it urge nmos draw the resistance on taking to be outer with it while inputting to go out to fail. when being used as introduction, should write 1 to a latch first. every one with p0 mouth can drive 8 model ls ttl load to export. p1 mouth is an accurate two-way mouth too, used a

28、s i/o in common use. different from p0 mouth output of circuit its, draw load resistance link with power on inside have. in fact, the resistance is that two effects are in charge of fet and together: one fet is in charge of load, its resistance is regular. another one can is it lead to work with clo

29、se at two state, make its president resistance value change approximate 0 or group value heavy two situation very. when it is 0 that the resistance is approximate , can draw the pin to the high level fast ; when resistance value is very large, p1 mouth, in order to hinder the introduction state high

30、. output as p1 mouth high electricity at ordinary times, can is it draw electric current load to offer outwards, draw the resistance on neednt answer and thenning. here when the port is used as introduction, must write into 1 to the corresponding latch first too, make fet end. relatively about 20,00

31、0 ohms because of the load resistance in scene and because 40,000 ohms, will not exert an influence on the data that are input. the structure of p2 some mouth is similar to p0 mouth, there are mux switches. is it similar to mouth partly to urge, but mouth large a conversion controls some than p1. p3

32、 mouth one multi-functional port, mouth getting many than p1 it have and 3 door and 4 buffer. two part these, make her besides accurate two-way function with p1 mouth just, can also use the second function of every pin, and door 3 function one switch in fact, it determines to be to output data of la

33、tch to output second signal of function. act as w =at 1 oclock, output q end signal; act as q =at 1 oclock, can output w line signal . at the time of programming, it is that the first function is still the second function but neednt have software that set up p3 mouth in advance . it hardware not ins

34、ide is the automatic to have two function outputted when cpu carries on sfr and seeks the location (the location or the byte ) to visit to p3 mouth /at not lasting lining, there are inside hardware latch qs =1.the operation principle of p3 mouth is similar to p1 mouth. output grade , p3 of mouth , p

35、1 of p1 , connect with inside have load resistance of drawing , every one of they can drive 4 model ls ttl load to output. as while inputting the mouth, any ttl or nmos circuit can drive p1 of 8051 one-chip computers as p3 mouth in a normal way . because draw resistance on output grade of them have,

36、 can open a way collector too or drain-source resistance is it urge to open a way, do not need to have the resistance of drawing outerly . mouths are all accurate two-way mouths too. when the conduct is input, must write the corresponding port latch with 1 first . as to 80c51 one-chip computer, port

37、 can only offer milliampere of output electric currents, is it output mouth go when urging one ordinary basing of transistor to regard as, should contact a resistance among the port and transistor base , in order to the electricity while restraining the high level from exporting p1p3 being restored

38、to the throne is the operation of initializing of an one-chip computer. its main function is to turn pc into 0000h initially , make the one-chip computer begin to hold the conduct procedure from unit 0000h. except that the ones that enter the system are initialized normally,as because procedure oper

39、ate it make mistakes or operate there arent mistake, in order to extricate oneself from a predicament , need to be pressed and restored to the throne the key restarting too. it is an input end which is restored to the throne the signal in 8051 china rst pin. restore to the throne signal high level e

40、ffective , should sustain 24 shake cycle (namely 2 machine cycles ) the above its effective times. if 6 of frequency of utilization brilliant to shake, restore to the throne signal duration should exceed 4 delicate to finish restoring to the throne and operating. produce the logic picture of circuit

41、 which is restored to the throne the signal:restore to the throne the circuit and include two parts outside in the chip entirely. outside that circuit produce to restore to the throne signal (rst ) hand over to schmitts trigger, restore to the throne circuit sample to output , schmitt of trigger con

42、stantly in each s5p2 , machine of cycle in having one more , then just got and restored to the throne and operated the necessary signal insidly. restore to the throne resistance of circuit generally, electric capacity parameter suitable for 6 brilliant to shake, can is it restore to the throne signa

43、l high level duration greater than 2 machine cycles to guarantee. being restored to the throne in the circuit is simple, its function is very important. pieces of one-chip computer system could normal running,should first check it can restore to the throne not succeeding. checking and can pop ones h

44、ead and monitor the pin with the oscillograph tentatively, push and is restored to the throne the key, the wave form that observes and has enough range is exported (instantaneous), can also through is it restore to the throne circuit group holding value carry on the experiment to change.mcs -51系列單片機(jī)

45、的功能和結(jié)構(gòu) mcs - 51系列單片機(jī)具有一個(gè)單芯片電腦的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能，它是英特爾公司生產(chǎn)的系列產(chǎn)品的名稱。這家公司在1976年推出后，引進(jìn)8位單芯片的mcs - 48系列計(jì)算機(jī)后于1980年推出的8位的mcs - 51系列單芯片計(jì)算機(jī)。諸如此類的單芯片電腦有很多種，如8051，8031，8751，80c51bh，80c31bh等，其基本組成，基本性能和指令系統(tǒng)都是相同的。 8051是51系列單芯片電腦的代表。 一個(gè)單芯片的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)由以下幾個(gè)部分組成：（1）一個(gè)8位的微處理器（cpu）。（2）片內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)存儲器ram（128b/256b），它只讀/寫數(shù)據(jù)，如結(jié)果不在操作過程中，最終結(jié)果要顯示數(shù)據(jù)

46、（3）程序存儲器rom/ eprom（4kb/8kb），是用來保存程序，一些初步的數(shù)據(jù)和切片的形式。但一些單芯片電腦沒有考慮rom / eprom，如8031，8032，80c51等等。（4）4個(gè)8路運(yùn)行的i / o接口，p0，p1,p2,p3，每口可以用作入口，也可以用作出口。 （5）兩個(gè)定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器，每個(gè)定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器可設(shè)置和計(jì)數(shù)的方式，用來計(jì)數(shù)外部事件，可以設(shè)置成定時(shí)方式也可以根據(jù)計(jì)算結(jié)果或定時(shí)控制實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)。 （6）5個(gè)中斷 （7）一個(gè)全雙工串行的i / uart（通用異步接收器i口/發(fā)送器（uart），它是實(shí)現(xiàn)單芯片電腦或單芯片計(jì)算機(jī)和計(jì)算機(jī)的串行通信使用。 （8）振蕩器和時(shí)鐘產(chǎn)生電路

47、，需要考慮石英晶體微調(diào)能力。允許振蕩頻率為12mhz，每一個(gè)上述的部分都是通過內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)總線連接。其中cpu是一個(gè)芯片計(jì)算機(jī)的核心，它是計(jì)算機(jī)的指揮中心，是由算術(shù)單元和控制器等部分組成。算術(shù)單元可以進(jìn)行8位算術(shù)運(yùn)算和邏輯運(yùn)算， alu單元是其中一種運(yùn)算器，1 8個(gè)存儲設(shè)備，暫存設(shè)備的積累設(shè)備進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)，程序狀態(tài)寄存器psw積累了2個(gè)輸入端的計(jì)數(shù)等檢查暫時(shí)作為一個(gè)操作往往由人來操作誰儲存1輸入的是它使操作去上暫時(shí)計(jì)數(shù)，另有一個(gè)操作的結(jié)果，回環(huán)協(xié)調(diào)。此外，協(xié)調(diào)往往是作為對8051內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)站考慮。作為一般的微處理器，它是最繁忙的，幫助記住和同意與其的順序表示。該控制器包括程序計(jì)數(shù)器，解密的順序。

48、振蕩器和定時(shí)電路等的程序計(jì)數(shù)器是一個(gè)由8個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)器為2，總計(jì) 16位。這是一個(gè)字節(jié)的地址，其實(shí)程序計(jì)數(shù)器，是將在個(gè)人電腦內(nèi)進(jìn)行。從而改變它的內(nèi)容可以改變方向的程序進(jìn)行。在8051的單芯片電腦中的電路，只需要外部石英晶體和頻率微調(diào)電容，其頻率范圍為1.2mhz的其12mhz的。這種脈沖信號，作為8051的工作，即單位時(shí)間的最低基本節(jié)奏。 8051是其他電腦一樣，在拍控制的基本工作在和諧，就像一個(gè)管弦樂隊(duì)，根據(jù)擊敗發(fā)揮是指揮。 有光盤（程序存儲器，只能讀?。⒃?051片（數(shù)據(jù)存儲器ram，可以是可寫可讀，他們各自獨(dú)立的內(nèi)存地址空間，處理辦法是，與一般的電腦記憶體相同。 8051和8751的程序存

49、儲器的存儲容量4kb的程序切片，地址開始從0000h開始執(zhí)行，維護(hù)的程序和形式不斷使用。數(shù)據(jù)8051 - 8751的內(nèi)存數(shù)據(jù)存儲器128b條8031，地址虛假00fh，中層結(jié)果存入操作使用，數(shù)據(jù)存儲和數(shù)據(jù)是暫時(shí)緩沖等。在這128b條內(nèi)存，有32 字節(jié)，可以作為工作寄存器使用，這和一般的微處理器是不同的，8051片ram和登記形成的同一級到安排的位置。這不是很相同的，mcs - 51系列內(nèi)存的單芯片計(jì)算機(jī)和通用計(jì)算機(jī)作主除了道路。通用計(jì)算機(jī)的第一個(gè)地址空間，rom和ram，可安排在不同的空間在這個(gè)范圍內(nèi)的地址范圍，即rom和ram地址的形成與分布在不同的地址空間。在訪問內(nèi)存，相應(yīng)的，只有一個(gè)地址

50、的內(nèi)存單元，可以用外部存儲，也可以內(nèi)存，并通過訪問順序與此類似。這種內(nèi)存結(jié)構(gòu)的一種被稱為普林斯頓結(jié)構(gòu)。 8051記憶分為程序存儲器空間和數(shù)據(jù)存儲空間的物理結(jié)構(gòu)上劃分，有四個(gè)在所有的記憶體空間：在1和數(shù)據(jù)外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲器和程序存儲器空間之一，一組在外面一個(gè)內(nèi)存空間的程序商店，結(jié)構(gòu)這一種形式的程序和數(shù)據(jù)存儲器器件數(shù)據(jù)存儲器分開的形式，稱為哈佛結(jié)構(gòu)。但是，從用戶使用，8051的內(nèi)存地址空間分為三種：分為（1）片內(nèi)，（使用16個(gè)地址一致的ffffh，地點(diǎn)為0000h，塊）。 （2）64kb的外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲器空間的一個(gè)地址，該地址是從0000h開始執(zhí)行64kb的ffffh安排16地址，也到該位置。 （3）數(shù)據(jù)存儲器的256b（使用8個(gè)地址）的地址空間。上述三個(gè)內(nèi)存空間的地址重疊，區(qū)分和設(shè)計(jì)的8051指令系統(tǒng)中不同的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸順序代碼：cpu的訪問片，訪問ram塊順序使用movx指令外片，內(nèi)存為訪問片。 8051單芯片的電腦有4個(gè)8步行并進(jìn)的i / o端口，分別為p0，p1，p2和p3。每個(gè)端口8位的雙向口，共占了32針。每一個(gè)i / o線可作為獨(dú)立的入口和出口。每個(gè)端口包括一個(gè)鎖存器（即特殊功能寄存器），1名入口和1出口引進(jìn)緩沖區(qū)。使數(shù)據(jù)能鎖存輸出時(shí)，數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū)時(shí)，可以引進(jìn)，但4個(gè)通道這些自我相同的